专题一 名词和冠词
2015～2011年各省市高考
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
(2015·江苏)Some schools will have to make
(adjust) in agreement
with the national soccer reform.
解析 句意：为了与国家足球改革相一致
make adjustments 做出调整。
答案 adjustments
(2015·江苏)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
— I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my
(apologize).
解析 句意：——去和你的妈妈说对不起我想但我怕妈妈不会接受我的道歉。作介词with的宾语和my的修饰语要用名词形式。
答案 apology/apologies
(2015·浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce
(stressful) is to
talk about feelings with someone you trust.
解析 句意：减少压力最有效的方法之一是与信任的人谈谈你的感受。作动词reduce的宾语要用名词形式压力紧张为不可数名词。
答案 stress
(2015·湖北)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his
(balanced) and had a bad fall.
解析 句意：追赶哥哥时小男孩失去了平衡重重摔了一跤。作动词lose的宾语要用名词形式。lose his balance失去平衡失去均衡。
答案 balance
(2015·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it
some
(think) and then let me know.
解析 句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下然后让我知道。 some后应跟名词想法。
答案 thought
(2017·安徽)—Why not buy a second－hand car first if you don't have enough
money for a new one?
—That's a good
(suggest).
解析 句意：——如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车的话为什么不先买一辆二
手车呢？——这是个不错的建议(suggestion)。形容词修饰名词故用名词形式。
答案 suggestion
(2017·湖北)Her
(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get
the right to higher education.
解析 句意：她写作的动机是出于对女性获得高等教育权利的渴望。形容词性物主代词修饰名词。
答案 motivation
(2017·江西)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with
(patient).
解析 句意：每当我犯错的时候老师都耐心地帮我指出来。with是介词介词后用名词形式故用patience。
答案 patience
(2017·山东)My first
(impress) of him was that he was a kind and
thoughtful young man.
解析 句意：我对他的第一印象是他是一个友好且体贴的年轻人。序数词first修饰名词。
答案 impression
(2017·福建)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well，you know，English is my
(strong).So it is my best choice.
解析 句意：——你为什么选择去一家国际旅行社工作？——哦你知道英语是我的强项。因此这是我的最佳选择。形容词性物主代词my后跟名词意为“长处强项”。
答案 strength
(2011·湖北)Giving up my job to go back to full－time education was a big
(commit)
解析 句意：放弃工作回去接受全日制教育是个巨大的“投入”但是现在我意识到那是我所作出的最正确的决定。commitment“花费使用(资金、
答案 commitment
用适当的冠词填空
(2015·江苏)—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he's
wet blanket.
解析 句意：——为什a wet blanket 令人扫兴的人或物。
答案 a
2.(2015·浙江)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write
children's book
for many years, but one thing or another always got in
way.
解析 句意：琼的奶奶多年来一直想写一本儿童书籍但总有这样那样的事情阻碍她不能实现。考查冠词。第一空表泛指故用不定冠词a；第二空为固定表达get in the way妨碍阻碍。
答案 a; the
(2015·重庆)I just heard
bank where Dora works was robbed by
gunman wearing a mask.
解析 句意：我刚听说Dora 工作的银行被一位蒙面持枪歹徒抢劫了。第一空为特指表示“Dora 工作的那家银行”第二空为泛指表示“一位蒙面持枪歹徒”。
答案 the; a
(2015·陕西)
more learned a man is，
more modest he usually
becomes.
解析 句意：一个人的知识越是渊博他通常就越谦虚。考查固定搭配。the more...the more...越……越……。
答案 The；the
(2015·四川)Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be
Beethoven.
解析 考查冠词。句意：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。本题考查不定冠词在人名前表示：一个像……那样的人。
答案 a
(2017·陕西)
village where I was born has grown into
town.
解析 考查冠词。句意：我出生的那个小村庄已经变成了一个城镇了。根据句意可知我出生的村庄”由定语从句修饰表特指用定冠词the；而第二空应是泛指。
答案 The；a
(2017·天津)Life is like
ocean：Only
strong－willed can
reach the other shore.
解析 考查冠词。句意：生活就像一个大洋只有那些意志坚强者才能到达彼岸。此句中的ocean是可数名词且是第一次出现故用an；第二个空中the＋表示一类人。
答案 an；the
(2017·浙江)The paper is due next month，and I am working seven days
week，often long into
night.
解析 考查冠词。句意：这篇论文预计下个月写完我一星期工作七天经常熬到深夜。a week泛指一星期；第二空为习惯用法如work into the night工作到深夜。
答案 a；the
(2017·重庆)I can't tell you
way to the Wilson's because we don't have
Wilson here in the village.
解析 考查冠词。句意：我无法告诉你去威尔逊家怎么走因为我们村没有叫威尔逊的。由句意可知前者是特指后者为泛指。
答案 the；a
(2017·江西)They chose Tom to be
captain of the team because they
knew he was
smart leader.
解析 考查冠词用法。句意：因为他们知道汤姆是一位精明的领导所以就选他当球队的队长。可知第一空用定冠词是特指这个球队的队长第二
答案 the；a
(2017·福建)The “Chinese Dream” is
dream to improve people's well－being and
dream of harmony,
解析 考a，表示泛指概念。
答案 a；a
(2017·山东)It was
cold winter night and the moon was shining
brightly across
night sky.
解析 考查冠词用法。第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”应用不定冠词a；第二空“夜空”指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。
答案 a；the
13.(2017·陕西19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on
Pacific Ocean on
his way to Java in
thirteenth century.
解析 句意：据说十三世纪时马可波罗曾经横渡太平洋前往爪哇。世界七大洲前不加the而四大洋前需要加the。in the...century意为“在……世纪”。
答案 the；the
(2017·新课标全国)India attained
independence in 1947，after
long struggle.
解析 考查冠词用法。句意：印度在长期抗争后于1947年获得独立。 attain independence获得独立是零冠词用法；after a long struggle经过一段长时间的抗争a表示数量。
答案 /；a
(2017·重庆)The parents were shocked by
news that their son needed
operation on his knee.
解析 考查冠词。句中的news指的是that从句的内容所以此处的news是特指the；第二空处意为“需要做一次手术”为泛指要用不定冠词。
答案 the；an
(2017·江西)Animals are obviously
lower form of life than
man.
解析 本题考查冠词。man表示“人类”的意义时前面不加冠词。form是可数名a修饰。句意：很明显动物是低于人类的一种生命形式。
答案 a；/
(2017·辽宁)I woke up with
bad headache，yet by
evening
the pain had gone.
解析 句意：我醒来时头很痛但到了晚上头痛就a；第二空表示特指加the。
答案 a；the
(2017·浙江)The development of industry has been
gradual process
throughout
human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.
解析 考查冠词。句意：在整个人类历史中工业的发展从石器时代到现代科技时代已经成为一个渐进的过程。第一空process是可数名词第一次出现一般用不定冠词修饰且此次表示“一个”的概念；第二空existence是不可数名词此处表示抽象概念故用零冠词。
答案 a；/
(2011·重庆)In communication, a smile is usually
strong sign of a
friendly and
open attitude.
解析 考查冠词的用法。句意：在相互交流中微笑通常是一种友好和开放的态度的明显特征。 a 用在可数名词sign前泛指一类事物；friendly and open 是并列关系修饰attitude。
答案 a；/
名词是高考每年必考的语法项目。考查要点主要集中考查名词单复数形式可
数不可数名词名词所有格等。
冠词是虚词本身不能单独使用也没有词义常放在名词前面帮助说明名词
的含义与名词共生共存。其考查的重点主要有：定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词的基本用法；冠词的特殊用法；冠词在固定结构中和具体、真实语境中的用法；
冠词在句中的位置以及冠词在具体化的抽象名词前的用法。