2017届高考英语一轮复习精品资料(译林牛津版)——模块五 Unit 2 (讲练篇)
Unit 2 The environment
一、重点词汇
考点-1.debate
【教材原句】Today's debate question is, ‘The economy or the environment — must we choose？’(P22)
今天辩论的题目是“经济发展还是环境保护——我们必须选择吗？”We are following our usual schedule for debates. (P22)
【例句研读】
①They have been debating for several hours without reaching a conclusion.
他们
好几个小时，仍然没有得出一个结论。
②The two sides debated with each other about who was the best for a whole day.
双方就谁是最优秀的问题
一整天。
③He was debating whether to go for a walk or to visit a friend.
他
是去散步还是去拜访一位朋友。
④A fierce debate on the tax cut was going on.
一场围绕着减税的
正在进行中。
⑤She was told that her proposal was under debate.
她被告知她的建议。
They’re always arguing with each other about money.
他们总是
⑦Have you discussed the problem with anyone?
你与谁
这个问题？
【自主归纳】debate vi. & n.
debate with sb. about sth.
have a debate
under debate
beyond debate
debate、 argue、discuss三词的辨析
debate指在正式场合，和意见对立的一方进行全面地、彻底地、比较正式地争论，重在各自阐述理由，双方交锋。
argue指就自己的看法、立场条理清楚地提出赞成或反对某事的理由，以说服他人。
discuss重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的成分。
注意：quarrel
【即时巩固】用debate，argue，discuss的适当形式填空
①They ________ how to improve the relationship between the two countries.
②They ________ about which train to take.
③There is no good in ________ with them.
-2.lay
【教材原句】These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs. (P22)这些捕捞船捕捞大量的鱼类根本不让它们有产卵的时间。【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分
The hen lays eggs every day.
____________
②Please lay the table for dinner.
____________
③The couple laid aside some money for their old age.
____________
④The president laid great emphasis on would peace.
____________
⑤Some workers were laid off because of a shortage of materials.
____________
【自主归纳】lay 词性v词义
lay
过去式过去分词现在分词lie词义……状态，在于” 过去式过去分词现在分词lie词义过去式过去分词现在分词There
a boy
that the cock
an egg in his house.
那儿躺着一个小男孩撒谎说公鸡在他家下了一只蛋。【即时巩固】①No sooner ________ down on bed ________the telephone rang．
Ahad he lain, than
B. had he lied, when
C. did he lie, than
D. had he laid, before
②Hearing a scream, I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess ___________on the floor.
A. laying unconscious
B. lying unconscious C. lay unconsciously
D. lying unconsciously
考点-3. concerned
【教材原句】It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.P23)
很显然，你们对环境的现状很担忧。
【例句研读】①My greatest concern is what she thinks of me.
是她认为我怎么样。
②The boy’s poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳，
③We're all concerned about her safety.
我们大家
④We read stories concerning visitors from outer space. 我们读了
天外来客的故事。
⑤The persons concerned are to be punished.
将受到惩罚。
As far as I'm concerned, I don't mind that you wear this mini-skirt.
，我不介意你穿这件迷你裙。
The coat is fine as far as color is concerned, but it is not of very good quality.
这件上衣还不错，但质量不太好。
【自主归纳】concern
concerning
prep
concerned adj. 作时作后置定语时，意思为as/so far as sb./sth. is concerned这个句型用来引出个人的观点与看法意为： 【即时巩固】______, education is about learning and the more you learn, the more equipped for life you are.
A. As far as I concern
B. As far as I am concerned
C. So far as I am concerning
D. So far as I was concerned
②Yue Yue, _____ 2-year-old girl who was twice run over by vans and then ignored by 18 passers-by as she lay critically injured on a street, draws _____ concern from all over the country.
A. the, /
B. a, the
C. a; /
D. the, a
考点-. responsibility
【教材原句】They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.()他们会联想到贪婪的商人逃避社会责任，一味关心金钱。
【例句研读】
①Our business is a joint/shared responsibility.
我们的公司实行。
It's my responsibility to lock the doors.
我。Don't worry.If anything goes wrong，I'll take responsibility for it.没关系，出了问题我。
The father of a family should have more sense of responsibility.
一家之父应有更多的。
【自主归纳】a sense of responsibility
responsibility to/towards
have/take responsibility for
throw responsibility on sb.
②responsible adj.负有责任的；负责的
be responsible for【即时巩固】完成句子
①My husband ___________________________________________(负责组织)the trip.
②Parents________________________(对……负责任)their children's safety.
③It's________________________________(他的责任感)that saved all the people's lives.
考点-.operate
【教材原句】The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.()
这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。
【例句研读】
①The doctors decided to operate on her immediately.
医生决定。
This company is operating a new economic policy.
这个公司正在。Is this rule in operation？这条规则？
We will have to perform an operation on his eyes.
我们得。
【自主归纳】operate on sb.
perform an operation on sb.
come into operation
put...into operation
in operation
【即时巩固】完成句子
①这台电梯运转不正常。
The lift ____________.
②这个法律什么时候生效？
When does the law ____________？
③这机器正在运转中。
The machine is ____________.
④这法律已经实施了。
The law has ____________.
-6. shame n. 可耻的人或事；羞耻，羞愧
【教材原句】It would be a shame if they were destroyed because of people's activities there.()
如果它们是因为人类在那儿的活动而遭受破坏，那真是一件遗憾的事情。
【例句研读】
①It's a shame to treat animals like that.
那样对待动物真是。
He had no sense of shame and never felt guilty.
他毫无，而且从不觉得内疚。What a shame that I failed in the midterm examinations！我期中考试不及格，！
Are you not ashamed of your shameful behavior?
你不以你的可耻的行为而？
【自主归纳】①to one's shame
feel shame at...
What a shame！＝！
It's a shame(做)shameful adj.(行为)shameless adj.
②ashamed adj.羞愧的(只作表语)
be ashamed ofbe ashamed to do sth.
【即时巩固】用shame，ashamed，shameful填空
①He was ________ to admit his guilt.
②But all these attempts ended in ________ defeat.
③What a ________ for you to cheat others!
考点-. arrest
【教材原句】Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals into Europe from South America illegally.昨天有两人在巴黎的一个机场被捕， 因为他们非法从南美携带动物进入欧洲。
①was arrested for drunk driving.
他因为。
②Her laughter arrested our attention and we all stared at her.
她的笑声，我们都盯着她看。
③The young man got arrested for causing that serious accident.
因造成严重事故，。
④Fifteen persons were under arrest because of the serious violence.
由于暴乱。
Colorado law requires officers to make an arrest whenever they respond to a domestic dispute.
科罗拉多州的法律要求警官在遇到家庭纠纷时，要。⑥The newly developed drug has arrested the spread of the disease.
这种新药。With the help of the old man the criminals were put under arrest.
在那位老人的帮助下，这些犯罪分子。
【自主归纳】arrest sb.for
get arrested
arrest one's attention
under arrest
make an arrest(对当事人)
【即时巩固】His friend whom I referred to just now was ________ for fraud.
A. suspected
B. charged
C. accused
D. arrested
②A black woman ______ for refusing to stand up for a white man on a bus,which led to a demonstration.
A. got to arrest
B. was to arrest
C. had arrested
D. got arrested 考点-. measure
【教材原句】The centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification. (33) 这有300名致力于找到阻止沙漠化措施的科学家。
【例句研读】①The government has promised to take measures to help the unemployed.
政府已答应来帮助失业者。
②He has his clothes made to his measure.
他的衣服是依。
③The tailor measured me for a suit.
裁缝好做西装。
These products measure up to the national standards.
这些产品国家标准。
He measured the coat against mine and found it was too long.
他，发现它太长了。
You know, they both appeared in a measure my children.
你知道，他们都象是我的孩子。
His contributions to his country is beyond measure.
他对祖国的贡献是。
【自主归纳】measure n.措施，方法；尺度 vt. 测量；估量，判定→ adj.
可度量的，明显的→
adj.
慎重的，仔细斟酌的→ adj.
无限的，不可估量的take measures/steps to do sth.
make ...to one's measure
beyond measure
measure against
in large measure/ in some measure
measure up to/with
【即时巩固】A fully grown blue whale ________110 feet in height and ________several tons.
A. is measured; weighs
B. measures; weighs
C. is measured; is weighed
D. measures; is weighed
②I realized strength and courage aren't always ________ in medals and victories, but in the efforts we make.
A. measuredB. praised
C. tested
D. increased
③It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some ________ over 90 metres.
A. measure
B. measures
C. measuring
D. measured
考点-. range
【教材原句】Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.对生活在江中或岸边的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也是个不好的消息。
【例句研读】
①The hotel offers a wide range of facilities.
这家宾馆提供
。
②It is beyond the range of my ability.
这
。
③There will be an increase in the range of 1 to 3 percent.
将会有
的增长幅度。
④Accommodation ranges from tourist class to luxury hotels.
住宿条件
。
⑤The price of the house is well beyond/out of our range.
这房子的价格。
【自主归纳】range vi. & n. 范围，界限 ；(在一定范围内)变化，变动
within/in the range of
a range of
out of/beyond/outside the range of
beyond/out of one’s range
range from…to …/range between…and…
【即时巩固】完成句子
这炮的射程为五英里。
The gun has ____________ five miles.
估计损失在100万到500万元之间。
Estimates of the damage________________1 million________5 million yuan.
③她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。
She has had a number of different jobs，________chef________swimming instructor.
考点-. appreciate
【教材原句】The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this muchloved river will be appreciated for years to come.中国政府和人民为保护这条他们所挚爱的河流所作的努力在不远的将来必会受到赞赏。
【例句研读】①I appreciate your understanding.
。
②I would appreciate it if you can take care of my dog.
。
③At that time, nobody appreciated the value of the stone.
。
【自主归纳】appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会→ n. 欣赏；感激appreciate＋n./pron. appreciate doing sth.
appreciate one's doing sth.
I would appreciate it if ...
【即时巩固】The reporter said that the survivors greatly ______ the firefighters’ rescue after the big fire.
A. charged
B. appreciated
C. harmed
D. solved
②I would appreciate
if you could teach me how to use the computer.
A. that
B. this
C. it
D. you
③As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate
from you now and then
me how everyone is getting along.
A. hearing; tell
B. to hear; tell
C. hearing; telling
D. to hear; to tell
考点-. absorb
【教材原句】Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.最后但并非最不重要，你可以种一棵树，因为树木可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳，制造氧气。
【例句研读】
①It's a lot of information to absorb all at once.
有很多信息
。
The film Inception has totally absorbed the children's attention.
电影《盗梦空间》完全。
His business absorbs him.＝He is absorbed in his business.
他处理业务。
In cold climates，houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.在寒冷的气候中，房子需要有墙。
【自主归纳】absorb one's attention
be absorbed in ...
be lost in
be occupied in
be addicted to
be devoted to
【即时巩固】She was so _____________ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.
A. attracted
B. absorbed
C. drawn
D. concentrated
②_______ to playing computer games, he is always absent from school.
A. Obsessed
B. Addicted
C. Abandoned
D. Absorbed
考点-. cut back on
【教材原句】It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.尽力削减产量并减少我们制造和购买的东西数量是我们的责任。【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分To save money, we should cut back on our spending.
②Many companies are cutting back on staff in time of financial crisis.
③If we cannot sell more, we will have to cut back on production.
【自主归纳】cut across走捷径，抄近路
cut off隔绝、断绝、（电路）切断、“剪下”、“砍掉”；cut up切割开来、切碎cut through凿穿、穿过、穿透cut down 砍倒 削减压缩，剪裁剪下We are going to
the mountain to build a free way here.
②She
the cake and gave each of us a piece.
③The flood
the villagers
from the rest of the world.
④You’d better
the article
to about 2,000 words.
⑤Don't try to
while others are talking..
⑥In order not to be late, she
the fields.
【即时巩固】013陕西卷)My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has_______.
A. cut out
B. cut down
C. cut up
D. cut off
②Military helicopters dropped food and medicine to the earthquake survivors that remained ______ in remote mountain villages.
A. cut off
B. paid off
C. put off
D. laid off
③The old man showed us how to _______ part of the surface of the wood and let a pattern in.
A. cut down
B. cut in
C. cut out
D. cut up
考点-. think of … as…
【教材原句】We need to stop thinking of companies and businessmen as the enemy, and give them more credit!我们不要再把公司和商人看作是敌人了，而应该给他们更多的赞扬。【例句研读】I think of this place as my home.
。
She is thought of as a possible future film star.
。
I can't think of a better place for our party.
。
What do you think of my singing?
。
We think highly of contributions to his country.
。
Don't think nothing of what the teacher said.
。
Usually most of the children and the old people like to think aloud.
。
The committee have thought carefully over this plan.
。
【自主归纳】把……看成=
=
对……高度评价think badly/nothing/little/lowly of
think about
think aloud
think over
What do you think of…?=How do you like…?
？
【即时巩固】What do you
store shopping in the future?
—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but will never be replaced.
A. think about
B. think well of
C. think of
D. think over
②Our English teacher loves us very much and he ________.
A. thinks highly of
B. is thought well
C. is highly thought of
D. is highly thinking of
考点-.use up/run out
【教材原句】The number of people in the world keeps growing, and we are producing more rubbish and using up more raw materials. (P25) 世界人口的数量不断增长，我们不断制造更多的垃圾，消耗更多的原材料。
What if they run out? (P25) 如果它们用完了怎么办呢？
【例句研读】①We have run out of the money our mother gave us.
我们妈妈给的钱。
②She has run out of her money and her patience is also running out.
她的钱，她的耐心也要了。
③My money has been used up, so I have to return home.
我的钱，因此我必须回家。
④His strength gave out after he ran that long distance.
跑完这么长一段距离，他已。
【自主归纳】 意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，主语一般是人。 意为“……用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。 “用完， 消耗尽”，为及物动词短语。“用尽，精疲力竭”，为不及物动词短语。I need your help, for I have
my money / have
my money.
I need your help, for my money has
/has
/has
.
【即时巩固】(2017重庆卷) Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______.We must act immediately before there’s left.
A. have run out
B. are running out
C. have been run out
D. are being run out
②The people in the war area have _______food. They are in a very difficult situation.
A. run out
B. used up
C. been run out of
D. been used up
考点-1. pick out
【教材原句】There are also things that can be done at a national or international level, such as sharing information between countries and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.还有一些可以从国家或国际高度来做的事情，比如在国家之间共享信息、使用卫星找出可能受荒漠化影响的地区。
【例句研读】①Pick out two similar brands of a product — a namebrand butter and a generic (无商标产品), for example.
品牌的某一产品，例如，有品牌名字的黄油和无商标的黄油。
②At once I picked out my elder brother in the crowd.
我立刻在人群中。
③I have to pick out its meaning with the help of an English translation.
我必须借助英文的译文才。
【自主归纳】pick out常指按照个人喜爱或希望进行挑选辨认，select指有目的、仔细认真地选择，choose通常只在所提供的对象中经过考虑，凭个人的 判断进行选择。指一般意义上的选择。John tried on several jackets, and at last
a very nice one.
约翰试穿了好几件甲克衫，最后选中了一件十分满意的。 He has a copy of
Works of Mao Tse-tung. 他有一套《毛泽东选集》。 【即时巩固】If you had to ______ between staying here alone or going with me, what would you do? A. arrange
B. differ
C. select
D. choose
②It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly ________ my friend.
A. turn out
B. bring out
C. call out
D. pick out
考点-16. let off
【教材原句】However，many other human activities also let off carbon gases.()然而，人类的许多其他活动也会释放出二氧化碳。
【例句研读】
①The boys were letting off fireworks to celebrate the coming New Year.
男孩子来庆祝即将到来的新年。
The old woman prayed to be let off.
这个老太太祈祷。
She let out a scream of terror.
她叫喊。
Don't worry. I'll never let you down(=make you disappointed). 别担心。我决不会。
Protecting the air, let alone improving it, is a challenge.
，现在就是保护它也很难。
【自主归纳】排放；燃放，(使)爆炸；放过，宽恕使失望；降低更不用说泄露，发出；出租；放大【即时巩固】完成句子
①She ____________(没被处罚)with a warning.
②The boys are fond of ____________(燃放)fireworks.
③At the sight of the accident，she ____________(发出)a cry of terror.
④This machine won't ____________(让你失望).
⑤The baby can not even walk，____________(更不用说)run.
二、经典句型
考点-1.【It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.(P23)
很显然，你们对环境的现状很担忧。
【句法分析】It代替真正的主语作形式主语。
【】【即时巩固】天津卷It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.
A. as
B. which
C. whether
D. that
②(2010浙江卷) It is uncertain
side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two
thousand patients have taken it.
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. whether
考点-….+of+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句及其变形
【However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled，and less from raw materials, the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.(P23)
然而，我非常赞同我们应该利用回收材料制造更多的产品，减少原材料的使用，因为原材料的供应越来越紧张。
【句法分析】【】不定代词＋介词＋关系代词Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of whom wanted to buy it.
②数词＋介词＋关系代词The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. ③the＋名词＋介词＋关系代词The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.
注意：本句中的“the hands of which”还可以说出成“of which the hands”或“whose hands”。
④the＋形容词比较级最高级＋介词＋关系代词There are two buildings, the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high.
⑤介词＋whose＋名词Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects people are still
suffering.
【即时巩固】(2017四川卷)In our class there are 46 students, _______ half wear glasses.
A. in whom
B. in them
C. of whom
D. of them
②(2010江苏卷) The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. which
考点-.What if句型及其类似的句型
【教材原句】What if they run out? (P25)如果它们用完了怎么办呢？
【句法分析】What if 后跟陈述句表示“？”“？”。=what should we do if they run out?
【】What’s up? 意为：怎么了/有什么事吗？有何贵干？表示关心或关注。
So what? 意为：那又怎么样？表示无所谓的态度。
How come? 意为：怎么回事？怎么搞的？为什么？怎么会这样？通常用在你觉得奇怪而问问什么的时候。当你不愿意回答别人的某个问题时也可说How come?意思是“Why do you ask that? It’s none of your business.”(有时表示一种不可理解的心情)，意为：为什么；为什么不呢。
表示坚持自己的观点、态度或做法，意为：为什么不呢。
【即时巩固】013江苏卷)—The T-shirt I received is not the same as is shown online.
—
? But I promise you we’ll look into it right away.
A. Who says
B. How come
C. What for
D. Why worry
②(2017重庆卷)—Look, here comes your dream girl. Invite her to dance.
—______ What if she refuses me?
A.I don’t know.
B. Why me?
C. With pleasure.
D. So what?
—I’ll take the driving test this month.
—________ you should fail.
A. Why not
B. How ever
C. What of
D. What if
考点-. …doubt+从句
【There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.(P39)
毫无疑问，世界气候在近几年发生着变化。
【句法分析】本句【】There is no doubt ”后面接
从句引导同位语从句。“There is some doubt”后面接
引导的同位语从句。
毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的意见的。
.
他是否能及时赶到值得怀疑。.
注意：根据主语的不同，我们还可以用“have (no) doubt”来表达“怀疑/不怀疑”。
我相信他会成功的。
.
动词doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句中，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用that。
.
我不怀疑你的建议是对的。
.
【即时巩固】There is no doubt ______ we will win the match, with the best players and our experienced coach.
A. why
B. which
C. that
D. when
②There is some doubt among people_______$ 749 is too much for an iphone4．
Athat
B. whether
C. what
D. if
考点-5. “the more...the more...”句型
【Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consumethe more carbon we are letting off.(P39)
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电力越多，燃放的碳就越多。
【句法分析】“the more...the more...”句型的用法归纳如下：
“the more...the more...”句型常表示“越……就越……”，是一个复合句，其中前面的句子是状语从句，后面的句子是主句。主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词就要用一般现在时表示将来。
The faster you run，the better it will be.
The higher the ground isthe thinner the air becomes.
The harder he workedthe more he got.
【】在含有the more...the more...的句子中，有时根据具体语境可以使用省略结构。The morethe
better.越多越好。The sooner，the better.越快越好。
【即时巩固】In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go，________.
A. our holiday will be betterB. our holiday will be the better
C. the better our holiday will be
D. the better will our holiday be