专题技能突破(1) 阅读理解之细节理解
【技能讲解】 细节理解题答案选项的表述通常不是完全用文章的原话，而是有一定的变化。首先，选项中可能会引用原文中部分内容，导致原文意思被缩小。或者，可能会加一些限定词如all，every等歪曲原文的意思；其次，选项中可能会用与文中同义、近义或反义的词语来转述原文意思；再次，选项中的内容需要对原文意思进行分析、归纳和整理，然后进行判断。典例剖析[2015·课标全国卷，A篇]
Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum
Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book. They end around 21：00.
November 7th
The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of a group of early “civil engineers”．
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QWhen is the talk on James Brindley?
A．February 6th.
B．March 6th.
C．November 7th.
D．December 5th.
[答案] C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.”所对应的日期November 7th，故选C。
2．[2015·课标全国卷，D篇]A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn't seem more unFrench. But Lehanne's psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It's trying to help the city's troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle —longer working hours, a fastfood boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
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QHow are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?
A．They are less frequently visited.
B．They stay open for longer hours.
C．They have bigger night crowds.
D．They start to serve fast food.
[答案] A 细节理解题。根据“Over the years, Parisian cafes... spend more time at home.”可知，法国人生活方式的改变使咖啡馆行业成为受害者——即受到冲击，更少地被光顾。故选A。本题需要转述原文意思才能选对。
技能演练
Each year, car crime costs nearly 3 billion. Of course, if you're insured, you won't lose out, or will you? Firstly, you will have to pay extra insurance later on, and then you may not be offered the full amount by the agent. You will probably have to hire a car and you will also lose the value of the contents and accessories (配件) in the car.
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QIf your car is stolen, you will have to ________.
A．hire a new car
B．buy a RAC Trackstar system
C．pay more insurance
D．inform the National Control Center
答案：C 细节理解题。根据本段第二句内容可知答案。
2．Lost iPhone
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Unexpectedly, I lost my white iPhon5s in Midtown on Friday night. It had a blue green cover on it. There are many pictures of my son on it, and I'm heartbroken. Please return, no questions asked. Reward. Reply to：－2652255359@craigslist.org.
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QWho posted the lost and found information?
A．A mother.
B．A kind woman.
C．A heartbroken girl.
D．A parent.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据本段第三句内容可知答案。
3．I often went for a walk with Howard. Once, as we were walking along a road, it began to rain. I quickly ran to a bus stop for shelter. The bus stop had a roof supported by metal poles. Soon after I had got there, Howard caught my trousers in his teeth and tried to pull me away. At first I was puzzled and a little angry at his behavior. But I decided to humor him and walked away from the shelter into the rain and started to go home.
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QThe reason why the author was puzzled and angry with the dog was that ________.
A．Howard had a strange behavior
B．Howard should be afraid of the metal poles
C．Howard should know the approaching of the terrible lightning
D．Howard bit his trousers in his teeth
答案：A 细节理解题。根据本段第五句内容可知答案。
4．...
“We examined nonfacial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarette smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced，” Dr Yolanda, who led the study, said in a statement.
“In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years.” Yolanda's team added in their report.
The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right arms. They ranged, in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers. Independent judges decided how wrinkled each person's skin was.
When skin is exposed to sunlight, especially the face, it becomes coarse (粗糙的). Wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint, Yolanda's team wrote.
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QAccording to the passage, how wrinkled a person's skin is doesn't relate to ________.
A．the number of cigarettes a person smokes
B．the kind and characteristics of skin
C．how long a person smokes
D．how long skin is under sunlight
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第一段和最后一段可知答案。