四川泸县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习10
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2017·南京市二模，A)
Dear Sir，
I was surprised to read your recent editorial on the question of students' parttime jobs. You appear to be making lots of general comments on the basis of just one unfortunate case (I assure you that not all young people who deliver newspapers are as foolish and dishonest as the two youths mentioned in your article, and one singlecase is not strong enough in supporting a point as evidence. I think you wouldn't disagree with me at this point)．
The first point I would like to make is that there are many jobs teenagers can do which give them useful experience of the working world. They are brought into contact with a variety of people, often older, and are given experience of expressing themselves clearly and logically. Every young man will eventually be involved in social net work, and we can't expect them to act as a mature adult once they step out of school. I am thinking here of jobs such as travel guides and shop assistants. Parttime jobs are actually a kind of guiding that young people need before they play their role in real career.
Another argument for school children and college students having holiday or weekend jobs is that many parents need the financial assistance. If we take, for example, a family in which the father is unemployed or perhaps a singleparent family on a low income, it seems logical and fair that a son or daughter should try to bring money into the household. And I think it's also an education to young people what family responsibility is and what one should do in terms of showing their care and love.
One further thing I want to say is that a lot of jobs for the young can be fun for the people who do them and also useful to the community. Youngsters who help in schools, hospitals and with the elderly often gain a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction as well as contributing something valuable to local society. And the experience will make young people feel their value in our society so that they will be more eager to learn and more willing to offer their help.
In conclusion, I would add that when I was a girl, my father said my teens were a time for books, hobbies and academic studies. Thinking back, I feel I would have learnt much more—about myself, other people and life in general—if he had allowed me to do a limited amount of real work. Certainly, when she is old enough, I shall encourage my own daughter to do so, rather than waste her time with soap operas, computer games and discos, like so many young people today. I don't mean having fun is a waste of time. I just want to point out that fun and parttime jobs could be balanced.
Yours faithfully，
Margaret Williams
文章大意：本文是写给报社编辑的一封信。在信中，作者表达了对该社最近发表的关于“青少年不应该做兼职工作(打零工)”这篇文章的反对，并给出了自己的理由和见解。
1．Which of the following is true according to the letter?
A．Parttime jobs help teenagers develop social skills.
B．All young people doing parttime jobs are intelligent and honest.
C．Children in singleparent families should not do part time jobs.
D．The writer did parttime jobs when she was at school.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，A项“打零工能够帮助孩子培养社会技能”表述正确。B项在文中没有涉及；根据第三段第二句可知，C项错误；根据最后一段第二句可知，D项错误。故答案选A。
2．What does the writer think many of the young people are doing now?
A．Taking some parttime jobs to help their family.
B．Doing their academic learning heart and soul.
C．Wasting time with soap operas and computer games or discos.
D．Doing community services by helping the old or the sick in hospitals.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三句中的“waste her time with soap operas, computer games and discos, like so many young people today”可知，作者认为现在很多孩子都将时间浪费在看肥皂剧、玩游戏或去迪厅等娱乐上面了。故答案选C。
3．What can we learn from the letter?
A．The writer of the letter is doing some parttime jobs.
B．An article against teenagers' doing parttime jobs was published.
C．Teenagers of the time are not doing the right thing.
D．The writer of the letter is a teenager from a singleparent family.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，社论中就两个年轻人在送报纸的兼职工作中的不诚实行为做了很多评论，不赞成年轻人做兼职工作，故可推断出报社刊登的文章应是一篇“反对青少年做兼职工作”的文章。故答案选B。
社会文化 (2017四川绵阳高三第二次诊断性考试)Although his one-year-old smart-phone still works perfectly,Li Jijia already feels the need to replace it.
“There are many better ones available now.It’s time to upgrade(更新)my phone.”
Li’s impatience is shared by many.Shortly after the season when new products are released,many consumers feel the urge to upgrade their electronic equipment,even though the ones they have still work just fine.
As consumers’minds are occupied by Apple’s newly released products and debate whether the Google tablet is better than the new Amazon Kindle,it might be time to take a step back and ask: “Do we really need the latest upgrades?”
According to Donald Norman,an American author,“planned obsolescence (淘汰)” is the trick behind the upgrading culture of today’s consumer electronics industry.
Electronics producers strategically release new upgrades periodically,both for hardware and software,so that customers on every level feel the need to buy the newest version.
“This is an old-time trick—they’re not inventing anything new,”Norman said.“This is a wasteful system through which companies—many of them producing personal electronics—release poor-quality products simply because they know that,in six months or a year,they’ll put out a new one.”
But the new psychology of consumers is part of this system,as Norman admitted,“We now want something new,something pretty,the next shiny thing.” In its most recent year,Apple’s profit margin was more than 21 percent.At Hewlett-Packard,the world’s biggest PC maker,it was only 7 percent.
Apple’s annual upgrades of its products create sales of millions of units as owners of one year’s MacBook or iPhone line up to buy the newest version,even when the changes are slight.
As to Li Jijia,the need for upgrading his smart-phone comes mainly from friends and classmates.When they are switching to the latest equipment,he worries about feeling left out.
“Some games require better hardware to run,” said Li.“If you don’t join in,you lose part of the connection to your friends.”
1.What’s the author’s attitude towards people’s greed for new products?()
A.Supportive. B.Optimistic.
C.Critical. D.Unclear.
2.How do the electronics companies successfully promote their latest products?()
A.They make full use of the “planned obsolescence” strategy.
B.They make a fool of customers by recycling their old products.
C.They control the customers’way of thinking while shopping.
D.They invent new products to attract the youth like Li Jijia.
3.Why is Apple Company interested in producing latest version of its products?()
A.To provide customers with better service.
B.To defeat other competitors like Hewlett-Packard.
C.To establish a favorable image of itself among its customers.
D.To make huge profits out of its business.
4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Li Jijia feels the need to replace his smart-phone as a result of .
A.new psychology B.peer pressure
C.life style D.friends’ expectation
语篇解读:本文讲述了一种社会现象——一旦有新款电子产品上市,即使变化不大,很多人也会在自己的电子产品性能很好的情况下盲目追求新款,这样做有必要吗?
答案及剖析:1.C 推理判断题。由文章首句Although his one-year-old smart-phone still works perfectly,Li Jijia already feels the need to replace it和第三段的Li’s impatience is shared by many可知,作者对这种现象持批评的态度,故选C项。
2.A 推理判断题。由第五段的“planned obsolescence (淘汰)” is the trick behind the upgrading culture of today’s consumer electronics industry可知,电子产业利用“计划报废”的策略,故意设计生产一些在一定时间内就会被淘汰的产品,然后推出所谓的新产品上市,以达到吸引消费者的目的,故选A项。
3.D 细节理解题。由文章内容可知,很多人喜欢新的、好看的东西,苹果公司不断推出新款的产品目的是为了多挣钱,由第九段的Apple’s annual upgrades of its products create sales of millions of units...也可以得出答案为D项。
4.B 推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知,当朋友们有了新款的手机而自己没有的话,Li Jijia会担心失去和朋友的部分联系,故选B项。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.release v.&n.释放,发行
He called for the immediate release of all political prisoners.
他要求立即释放所有政治犯。
2.leave out 漏掉,不考虑,忽略
Don’t leave out any necessary information on your application.
你在申请单上不要遗漏任何必要的信息。
【长难句子分析】
在新产品上市后很快就有很多消费者急切地更新他们的电子产品,即使他们拥有的这些产品的工作性能仍然很好。
2016高考英语阅读理解（科普类说明文）【2015·天津】B
Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company’s “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal.
41. How are social robots different from household robots?
A. They can control their emotions.
B. They are more like humans.
C. They do the normal housework.
D. They respond to users more slowly.
42. What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?
A. Communicate with you and perform operations.
B. Answer your questions and make requests.
C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.
D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.
43. What can Oshbot work as?
A. A language teacher.
B. A tour guide.
C. A shop assistant.
D. A private nurse.
44. We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will ______.
A. train employees
B. be our workmates
C. improve technologies
D. take the place of workers
45. What does the passage mainly present?
A. A new design idea of household robots.
B. Marketing strategies for social robots.
C. Information on household robots.
D. An introduction to social robots.
【解析】
试题分析：文章大意：文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。
41. B细节理解题。根据文章第二段While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.可知社会机器人更像人或不是纯粹的工具。故选B。
42. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“his action to keep his balance against the strong winds made for some heart－stopping(令人担忧的)moments for the audience.”可知选D。
【考点定位】科技类短文阅读
【名师点睛】本文是一篇科技类短文阅读，整体难度中等偏易，多数考查细节理解题，只需通过关键词定位可得出答案。倒数第二题需要稍加推理才能判断出答案，最后一题是对文章的主旨大意的考查，考生做题时尤其注意切切不能以偏概全，干扰选择项要多回到原文的原句反复斟酌。