中国将对新全球化做出贡献

摘 要

China will play its part in the new globalization

On 15 January 2017, the Sunday Telegraph and its website published a signed article by Ambassador Liu Xiaoming entitled “China will play its part in the new globalisation”. The full text is as follows:

2017年1月15日，英国刊登驻英国大使刘晓明题为《中国将对新全球化做出贡献》的署名文章。全文如下：

China Will Play Its Part in the New Globalization

中国将对新全球化做出贡献

Liu Xiaoming

刘晓明

Fifteen years after China’s accession to the World Trade Organisation, the “substitute nation” method for calculating anti-dumping measure against China has finally expired. This is according to Article 15 of the Protocol on China’s accession to the organisation back in 2001. It means fellow members should no longer discriminate against Chinese exports under “anti-dumping” measures.

中国加入世界贸易组织15年后，根据《中国加入世界贸易组织议定书》第15条，针对中国的反倾销“替代国”条款已经终止。这意味着世贸组织成员在对中国的反倾销调查中，不能再歧视中国的出口商品。

The spirit of the contract is the foundation of the market economy and adherence to international treaties is one of the basic norms of the international law. All WTO members are obliged to ensure honest contractual performance and to uphold the authority of the multilateral trading regime, which in turn serves the interests of the members themselves.

契约精神是市场经济的基石，信守条约是国际法的基本准则。维护条约义务的严肃性和多边贸易体制的权威性，是世贸组织成员的共同义务，也符合成员国的共同利益。

Regrettably, however, both the United States and the EU, as well as a few others, have so far refused to fulfil their obligations under Article 15 by upgrading China’s WTO status. Indeed, the EU has gone further, intending to replace “non-market economy” criteria with “market distortion” criteria. These fancy concepts cannot disguise the undeclared intention to renege on international treaty obligations or even to misinterpret WTO rules in order to continue with anti-dumping cases against China. This, in essence, is protectionism, which not only jeopardises mutual trust and cooperation between WTO members but also undermines international confidence in multilateral trading regime and rules.

然而，美国和欧盟等少数世贸组织成员公然拒绝履行《议定书》第15条规定的国际义务。欧盟甚至还企图以“市场严重扭曲”标准代替“非市场经济国家”标准。这些国家变相延续“替代国”做法，逃避其应履行的国际条约义务，曲解世贸组织规则，旨在继续对中国进行反倾销个案调查。其实质是搞保护主义，这不仅将损害成员国之间的互信与合作，也将损害国际社会对多边贸易规则和体制的信心。

Pasta Sunt Servanda. Or as the Chinese say: “You can’t get a proper square without a ruler or a circle without a compass.” Both Western and Oriental wisdom emphasises the most fundamental principle of international law – that agreements must be kept. Over the past 15 years, China has earnestly fulfilled its WTO obligations, being an active and resolute participant in, upholder and contributor of the multilateral trading regime. On 1 January 2010, China fully completed its tariff reduction commitment well in advance, winning international acclaim. In 2016, China hosted the successful G20 Summit in Hangzhou, initiated the G20 Trade and Investment Working Group, and led the making of the G20 Strategy for Global Trade Growth. The Summit also laid out the first global framework of multilateral rules governing international investment. These are China’s contribution to global economic governance. It is now time for the US and the EU to fulfil their commitment.

中国有句古语，“没有规矩、不成方圆”，西方也有“约定必须遵守”的原则。这些既是东西方智慧的结晶，也是最基本的国际法准则。中国加入世贸组织15年来，始终认真履行世界贸易组织的义务，是多边贸易体制的积极参与者、坚定维护者和重要贡献者。2010年1月1日，中国提前全部履行入世时的关税减让承诺，赢得全世界广泛赞誉。2016年，中国成功举办二十国集团杭州峰会，倡导成立贸易和投资工作组，牵头制定了《G20全球贸易增长战略》，首次形成全球多边投资规则框架，为全球经济治理贡献了中国智慧。现在该轮到美国和欧盟等兑现承诺了！

Through its active participation in the multilateral trade system, China has made huge contribution to world economic growth. It is now the second largest economy, largest trading nation in goods and the biggest trading partner for more than 130 countries around the world. It is also the number one destination for foreign investment and second largest outbound investor. As an important powerhouse of the world economy, China in recent years has contributed 25 per cent to global growth.

中国积极参与多边贸易体系，对世界经济发展做出了巨大贡献。中国作为世界第二大经济体、第一大货物贸易国、第一大吸引外资国，第二大对外投资国以及130多个国家的最大贸易伙伴，对世界经济增长贡献率保持在25%左右，成为世界经济重要动力源。

At present, globalisation is in difficulty. International trade and investment is sluggish while protectionism is on the rise. However, anti-globalisation and protectionism offer no way out. The future of the world economy lies with economic globalisation. As a study by the Peterson Institute for International Economics finds, if the US placed 45 per cent tariffs on Chinese goods and 35 per cent tariffs on Mexico, and China and Mexico did the same to US goods and services, US exports and imports would shrink, consumption and investment would plunge, unemployment would rise, and economic growth would slow down to recession within three years.

当前，经济全球化遇到波折，国际贸易和投资低迷，保护主义抬头。应该看到，经济全球化符合生产力发展要求，符合各方利益，“逆全球化”和搞保护主义没有出路。正如美国彼得森国际经济研究所研究报告显示：若美国对从中国和墨西哥进口的商品分别征收45%和35%的关税，中、墨也对从美进口的商品征收同样关税，美将面临进出口萎缩、消费和投资走低、失业率攀升，经济增速将不断下滑并于2019年进入衰退。

Economic globalisation is in temporary adjustment and transition. That’s nothing to fear. What we must do is to adjust and adapt, and to build an upgraded version of globalisation. Countries should find the match between globalisation and their own development, address issues of fairness and justice, and work together to build a more inclusive world economy that benefits all.

There should be stronger support for the WTO’s multilateral trading regime and greater priority given to trade and investment facilitation and liberalisation. Fragmentation of regional trade agreements must be effectively addressed to ensure that trade arrangements are open and inclusive rather than closed and exclusive. If countries of the world work together to dovetail their development strategies and co-operation initiatives, they will be on the right path toward common development. China will continue to take an active part in that.

经济全球化暂时进入调整、转型期并不可怕，关键是我们要顺应新趋势，适应新要求，打造全球化的升级版。世界各国在参与经济全球化进程中，应注重同各自发展实践相结合，注重解决公平公正问题，引领经济全球化向更加包容普惠的方向发展；应支持多边贸易体制，把促进贸易和投资自由化便利化放在更突出的位置，重振贸易和投资活力；应有效应对区域贸易协定碎片化现象，倡导开放包容，防止封闭排他；应加强发展战略及合作倡议对接，实现共同发展。中国将继续参与全球化进程并做出积极贡献。

The complexity and challenges of the world economy call for countries to co-operate. The UK has always been committed to free trade and now to building a “truly global Britain”. China stands ready to work with the UK and other like-minded nations to advance a new type of globalisation, to oppose protectionism, to improve and uphold the multilateral trading regime, and to build an innovative, invigorated, interconnected and inclusive world economy.

面对复杂严峻的世界经济形势，国际社会需加强合作。英国是自由贸易的旗手，致力于打造“全球化英国”。中国愿与英国和其他负责任的国家一道，共同推进新型经济全球化，坚决反对保护主义，维护好、建设好多边贸易体制，共同推动发展创新、活力、联动、包容的世界经济。