2017届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解解析版汇编：5（含解析）

　　2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（5）

　　阅读理解训练

　　(2015·安徽)

　　There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide.Each individual (个体的) ant hardly weighs anything，but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind.They also live nearly everywhere，except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.For animals their size，ants have been astonishingly successful，largely due to their wonderful social behavior.

　　In colonies (群体) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions，they organize their lives with a clear division of labor.Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization.Where we use sound and sight to communicate，ants depend primarily on pheromones (外激素)，chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony.When an ant finds food，it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is.When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying，it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.

　　In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have no equal.They are completely fearless and will readily take_on a creature much larger than themselves，attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.

　　Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner，these little creatures have survived on Earth for more than 140 million years，far longer than dinosaurs.Because they think as one，they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.

　　文章大意：文章主要讲的是蚂蚁。单个的蚂蚁显得微不足道，但成群结队的蚂蚁却蕴含着巨大的力量。蚂蚁的数量之众，加起来可以与人类的重量相媲美。蚂蚁分布极为广泛，除了寒冷的山顶和两极地区，几乎到处都有它们的踪影。

　　12．We can learn from the passage that ants are ________.

　　A．not willing to share food

　　B．not found around the poles

　　C．more successful than all other animals

　　D．too many to achieve any level of organization

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段“They also live nearly everywhere，except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.”可知答案，结冰的山顶和两极没有蚂蚁。

　　13．Ants can use pheromones for ________.

　　A．escape B．communication

　　C．warning enemies D．arranging labor

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段“Where we use sound and sight to communicate，ants depend primarily on pheromones(外激素)”可知，我们使用声音和视觉来交流，而蚂蚁却使用外激素。

　　14．What does the underlined expression “take on” in Paragraph 3 mean?

　　A．Accept. B．Employ.

　　C．Play with. D．Fight against.

　　答案：D　词义猜测题。根据“attacking in large groups and overcoming their target”可知，这里指与比自己大的敌人战斗。

　　15．Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants?

　　A．Their behavior. B．Their size.

　　C．Their number. D．Their weight.

　　答案：A　推理判断题。根据第一段“largely due to their wonderful social behavior”和最后一段“Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner，...they think as one，they have a collective(集体的)intelligence greater”可知，蚂蚁之所以能够存活下来，是因为它们的社会行为。

　　(2015·江西省上饶市三模)

　　When Abraham Lincoln was young, he worked in a store. One day a woman came into the store and bought some things. They added up to two dollars and six and a quarter cents.

　　The bill was paid, and the woman was entirely satisfied. But the young storekeeper, not feeling quite sure as to the accuracy of his calculations, added up the things again. To his surprise he found that it should have been but two dollars.

　　“ I've made her pay six and a quarter cents more, ”said Abe, disturbed.

　　It was an unimportant thing, and many clerks would have forgotten it, but Abe was too conscientious for that.

　　“ The money must be paid back, ”he decided.

　　At night, he closed the store, and walked to the home of his customer. He explained the matter, paid over the six and a quarter cents, and returned satisfied.

　　Here is another story of young Lincoln's strict honesty. A woman entered the store and asked for half a pound of tea. The young clerk weighed it out. This was the last sale of the day.

　　The next morning, when beginning his duties, Abe discovered a four­ounce weight on the scales. It flashed upon him at once that he had used this in the sale of the previous night, and so, of course, given his customers short weight. I am afraid that there are many country merchants who would not have been much worried by this discovery. But Abe weighed out the balance of the half pound, shut up the store, and carried it to the defrauded customer. I think my young readers will begin to see that the name so often given, in later times to President Lincoln, of “Honest Old Abe, ”was well deserved. A man who begins by strict honesty in his youth is not likely to change as he grows older, and mercantile honesty is some guarantee of political honesty.

　　文章大意：本文是小故事。文章主要讲述了亚伯拉罕·林肯小时候的诚实守信的故事。

　　1．We know from the text that Abe ________.

　　A．charged less for the woman

　　B．tricked the woman on purpose

　　C．was careful and responsible

　　D．was confident of his calculations

　　答案：C　推理判断题。charged less for the woman少收那位妇女的钱；tricked the woman on purpose故意糊弄了那位妇女；was careful and responsible认真而且有责任心；was confident of his calculations对他的计算很有信心。根据文章中叙述的两个故事以及文中的最后一段推断选C。

　　2．From the underlined sentence, we can see that the author ________.

　　A．speak highly of Abraham Lincoln

　　B．learns how to succeed in the political field

　　C．comes to understand the importance of honesty

　　D．hopes to give readers some personal suggestions

　　答案：A　推理判断题。speak highly of Abraham Lincoln高度赞扬林肯； learns how to succeed in the political field学会了如何在政治领域成功；comes to understand the importance of honesty渐渐理解了诚实的重要性；hopes to give readers some personal suggestions希望给读者提出自己的建议。通读全文，根据该画线句前的I think my young readers will begin to see that the name so often given, in later times to President Lincoln, of “Honest Old Abe, ”was well deserved可推断作者是对林肯行为的高度赞扬。故选A。

　　3．What does the author mainly intend to tell us?

　　A．Better late than never.

　　B．Honesty is the best policy.

　　C．A good name is better than gold.

　　D．Where there is a will there is a way.

　　答案：B　推理判断题。Better late than never再晚不嫌迟； Honesty is the best policy诚实是最好的策略； A good name is better than gold好名声比金子更重要； Where there is a will there is a way有志者事竟成。根据文章叙述的两个故事和最后一段作者对林肯行为的高度赞扬，作者应该是想告诉我们：诚实是最好的策略。故选B。

　　阅读理解训练

　　(2015·河北省普高质监)

　　Martha Graham, born in 1894, was one of the most famous dancers and creators of dance, whose influence on dance has been compared with the influence Picasso had on the modern visual arts, Stravinsky had on music, or Frank Lloyd Wright had on architecture. She created almost two hundred dance pieces. She is often called the Mother of Modern Dance.

　　Earlier in her life, however, Martha did not know that she would become a dancer. At that time, the dancers were looked down on. So Martha's parents didn't approve of her desire to dance at the beginning. Until 1916, she began her studies at the newly created Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts, founded by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn, where Graham worked very hard to improve her ability to dance because she was considered too old to begin dancing.

　　In 1936, Graham made her defining work, “Chronicle”， which signaled the beginning of a new era in modern dance. The dance brought serious issues to the stage for the general public in a dramatic manner. Influenced by the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the Great Depression that followed, and the Spanish Civil War, it focused on depression and isolation, reflected in the dark nature of both the set and costumes.

　　Graham continued to dance past the age of seventy. Once again, she was met with criticism from people who came to watch her shows. But she didn't give up. Her last completed ballet was 1990's Maple Leaf Rag. “A Dancer's World” is an introduction to Graham and her work. She tells about her dances and her dance group shows some of their methods.

　　Martha Graham received many awards during her lifetime, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in nineteen seventy­six. She was the first dancer to receive the country's highest civilian

　　honor. She died in 1991 at the age of ninety­six. In 1998, Time magazine listed her as the “Dancer of the Century” and as one of the most important people of the twentieth century.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了现代舞之母玛莎·格兰姆的故事和她所取得的成就。

　　4．Some famous artists mentioned in Paragraph 1 show Martha Graham________.

　　A．was influenced greatly by them

　　B．kept in touch with them regularly

　　C．had a great effect on modern dance

　　D．liked to make more friends with them

　　答案：C　推理判断题。第一段中将玛莎·格兰姆的影响和其他的一些伟大的人物相比，暗示她的影响也非常大，故最佳答案为C。

　　5．Why didn't Martha's parents approve of her desire to dance at first?

　　A．She was too old to learn American dance.

　　B．American dance was seen as a lower art form.

　　C．There was no academic school to teach dancing.

　　D．Her family was too poor to afford her tuition.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的第二句At that time, the dancers were looked down on舞蹈家在那时是被看不起的，暗示舞蹈在当时是一种地位较低的艺术形式，故最佳答案为B。

　　6．When Martha Graham continued to dance in her 70s, she________.

　　A．was warmly welcomed by the youth

　　B．achieved huge success once again

　　C．received many awards for her age

　　D．was attacked by people

　　答案：D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一、二句 Graham continued to dance past the age of seventy. Once again, she was met with criticism from people who came to watch her shows. 知她70岁演出时，她受到了一些人的批评，可知她受到了一些人的攻击，故最佳答案为D。

　　7．The text is mainly about________.

　　A．the background of modern dance in America

　　B．the development of modern dance in America

　　C．Martha Graham and her achievements in dance

　　D．the awards Martha Graham won in her life

　　答案：C　主旨大意题。根据文章的内容，是按时间顺序叙述了现代舞之母玛莎·格兰姆的一生以及她在舞蹈方面的成就，故最佳答案为C。

　　阅读理解训练

　　(2015·青岛市一模)

　　What are American high schools like? Well, I'm happy to tell you what I know.

　　When I started school here, it had already been a week since the school opened. At this school, freshmen usually go on a trip for about three days at the beginning of school. Unfortunately I missed that wonderful trip, which would have been the best time to get to know my classmates. I was really sad. I wished I'd known about it earlier.

　　Despite the disappointment, however, I gradually adapted to my new life and school.

　　There is a space in the basement of the teaching building where students chat and meet each other. As we do not always have the same classrooms and classmates, the school wants us to get to know each other there. Students usually come to school early, sit in that space and have fun. Around the space, there are many lockers for students to leave their books in, so that students do not have to carry a heavy schoolbag everywhere.

　　It really surprises me that we have almost no textbooks. We only have textbooks for World History and Algebra 2 and they are big and heavy, like bricks. For other classes, we only need binders (活页夹) with paper in them. Without textbooks, students learn things freely and actively. For example, my humanities teacher just teaches us what is in her mind at the time. We never know what we will learn.

　　Another difference between American schools and Chinese schools is that American schools care about students' morality more than their academic studies. For example, if you do not finish your homework, you will just be asked to do it later, but if you cheat or lie, you will get a warning or even be kicked out.

　　I think that most students here are good at schoolwork as well, but compared to Chinese students, they can make learning a more joyful experience. I think we should take the good points from our two different kinds of education to perfect our approach to studying.

　　文章大意：本文是说明文。主要介绍了美国的高中学校是什么样子的。

　　1．What was the writer sad for?

　　A．He was late for school.

　　B．He missed the trip at the beginning of school.

　　C．He didn't know anyone.

　　D．American students looked down upon him.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段Unfortunately I missed that wonderful trip, which would have been the best time to get to know my classmates. I was really sad可知是作者错过了那次旅行而悲伤。故选B。

　　．Why do students go to the basement of the teaching building?

　　A．To attend class. B．To share a classroom.

　　C．To have fun. D．To meet teachers.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段Students usually come to school early, sit in that space and have fun可知学生们去那座教学楼为了快乐。故选C。

　　．How do teachers in the US teach the students?

　　A．However they want to.

　　B．They use bricks.

　　C．Some use textbooks; some teach freely.

　　D．They always teach as required.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第五段We only have textbooks for World History and Algebra 2 and they are big and heavy, like bricks. For other classes, we only need binders (活页夹) with paper in them. Without textbooks, students learn things freely and actively. For example, my humanities teacher just teaches us what is in her mind at the time可知美国的老师们有的使用课本，有的不使用课本。故选C。

　　．According to the passage, in American high schools, ______.

　　A．you are likely to be kicked out if you cheat

　　B．you'll be punished if you do not finish your homework

　　C．students are better at school work than Chinese students

　　D．students care much about the grades they get

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段if you cheat or lie, you will get a warning or even be kicked out可知在美国学校作弊的话将会被开除。故选A。

　　(2015·江西省上饶市三模)

　　Cotton farmers in some Indian villages are busily buying Coca­Cola and Pepsi, believing that the sugar in the fizzy(有 泡 沫 的 ) drinks kills pests.

　　Farmers say scientists advised them to mix pesticides with a sugary juice to control pests, and they found the mixture cheaper and more effective than pure chemicals—although soft drink makers and scientists dismissed the remarks. N. Hamunayya, who has become a famous person in his village in the southeastern state of Andhra Pradesh, said his crop survived an attack of pests which had resisted other pesticides. “We found that all the colas had uniform effect on pests. The pests became dead and fell to the ground, ”he said. He said the drinks had all the elements they needed: they were cheaper, sticky, fizzy, and attracted ants, which ate the young of the pests. But Thinupathi Reddy, assistant director of the Regional Agri­Research Station, Guntur, says tests had proved such results wrong. “We conducted some field trials on cotton crop at our research station. There was no obvious productivity or destruction of pests, ”he says.

　　Statements from Pepsi and Coca­Cola said there was “ no scientific basis” for this_practice. But their dealers are enjoying increasing sales. Mantan Wall, who sells soft drinks in 17 villages in the region, said sales rose up, thanks to the farmers. “ For the 10 days between August and September I had successful business. Instead of just 30 cases( each containing a dozen one­litre bottles) of cola, I started selling almost 200 cases, ”he said. “ We expected the sales to drop after the news over pesticide residues(残 留 ) in the cola drinks. Now I have to keep extra supply for the cotton farmers, ”he said.

　　In February, an Indian environment group made a report saying drinks made by Coca­Cola and Pepsi contained pesticides and called for tougher safety standards. The U. S firms strongly rejected the findings of the New Delhi­based Centre for Science and Environment and said their products were safe.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇资讯报道。文章主要讲述了一件有趣的事，印度农民认为有泡沫的饮料具有杀虫作用，也就是百事可乐和可口可乐里面含有杀虫剂，但两家公司对此予以否认。

　　1．The writer's purpose of writing this passage is to ________.

　　A．tell an interesting incident

　　B．warn people that some drinks might be dangerous to health

　　C．suggest using Coca­Cola to kill pests

　　D．announce a new discovery of Coca­Cola

　　答案：A　推理判断题。通读全文，并根据作者写这段短文的语气推断作者在讲述一件有趣的小事，可乐中竟然有杀虫剂。故选A。

　　2．The drink makers would not accept the fact that their drinks could kill pests because ________.

　　A．they thought it went against science

　　B．they believed that the farmers didn't tell the truth

　　C．they might fear that it could bring harm to their business

　　D．they insisted that no poison was left in their products

　　答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的The U. S firms strongly rejected the findings of the New Delhi­based Centre for Science and Environment and said their products were safe推断他们担心这件事会给他们的生意带来危害。故选C。

　　．The underlined part in Para. 3 “ this practice” probably refers to ________.

　　A．testing the mixture

　　B．selling more drinks in India

　　C．mixing the drinks with the pesticide

　　D．attracting ants to eat the young pests

　　答案：C　词义推测题。根据文章第二段mix pesticides with a sugary juice to control pests所叙述的这件事，第三段正是因为这件事，才带来了该地区经销商的销量大增。故选C。

　　．The drinks can kill pests because ________.

　　A．there is some pesticide left in them

　　B．they are sticky and fizzy

　　C．they have elements that kill pests

　　D．they made the pesticide more effective

　　答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段的He said the drinks had all the elements they needed: they were cheaper, sticky, fizzy, and attracted ants, which ate the young of the pests推断可乐可帮助杀虫剂更有效。故选D。