2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（69）
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Grown- ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star”and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one’s future development.
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B. Children have a better memory than grown- ups.
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D. Stories for children are easy to remember.
2. The author explains the law of overlearning by .
A. presenting research findings
B. setting down general rules
C. making a comparison
D. using examples
3. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is .
A. a result of overlearning
B. a special case of cramming
C. a skill to deal with math problems
D. a basic step towards advanced studies
4. What is the author’s opinion on cramming?
A. It leads to failure in college exams.
B. It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C. It’s possible to result in poor memory.
D. It increases students’learning interest.
【参考答案】1—4、ADAB
较难题目特训：介绍说明类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Humpback whales
Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. The name ?humpback?, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whale?s back forms as it dives.
Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body not of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.
A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.
The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same.
Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex “songs”. Quick Facts
Size: 14m—18m in length;
30—50 tons in weight
Living
environment: Open ocean and shallow coastline waters
Migration: From warm tropical(热带的)waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat
Diet: Shellfish, plants and fish of small size
Hunting: Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.
Current
state: Endangered: it is estimated that there are about 5000—7500 humpback whales worldwide.
1. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale .
A. cannot survive in waters near the shore
B. doesn’t live in the same waters all the time
C. lives mainly on underwater plants
D. prefers to work alone when hunting food
2. To make a breach, a humpback whale must .
A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the water
B. twist its body sideways to jump high
C. blow two streams of water
D. communicate with a group of humpbacks
3. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale .
A. has its unique markings on its tail flukes
B. has black and white fingerprints
C. gets its name from the way it hunts
D. is a great performer due to its songs
【参考答案】1-3 BAA
【由山东省枣庄市2017模拟
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（AB、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
It's hard to find Alice Munro in the media．Even after she won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Canadian writer just appeared for a quick interview and then dropped out of 8ight．On Dec 29, she still didn't seek the spotlight（聚光灯）when she was named one of the rive Women of the Year by the Financial Times．
In Munro's eyes, ordinary lives always hide larger dramas． So she records what we casually think ofthe everyday actions of normal people, She often focuses on life in her hometown, a small village in Ontario which 8he is most familiar with．She writes about the ordinarings in the village－fox forming;, trees felled in the Ontario wilderness, poor country achool8 and long last illnesses．Above all, she talk8 about girls and women who have seegly ordinary lives but struggle against daily misfortune．
She has a special talet for uncovering the extraordinary in the ordinary． These are ordiy people, ordinary stories, but she has the magic． Her precise language, depth of detail and the logic of her storytelling have made her stories inviting．
Raway, one of Munro's representative works, is a good example of her writing style．One of the stories centers on the life of an ordinary woman Carla, who live in a small Canadian town with her husband Clark．The tory slowly forms a picture of Carla, trapped in a bad marriage, her unhappiness building into desperation until she decide8 to flee．The story of Carla is a story of the power and betrayals of love．It is about lost children and l08t chance8 that we can all find in life, There is pain beneath the surface, like a needle in the heart．
Since she published her frst collection of 8hort stories in 1968, Munro has won many a wards, with the Nobel Prize being her bigge8t honor．On Oct 10, 2017, the Nobel Prize comt-tee named Munro the "master of the contemporary short story"．
1．We lea from Paragraph 1 that Alice Munro
A．didn't get on well with the media
B．was 8urprised at winning the Nobel Prize
C．didn't value the title of Women of the Year
D．remained modest though very successful
2．Many of Alice Munro's works
A．focus on everyday life of ordinary people
B．are about betrayals of love and violence
C．center on the happy life of country women
D．are romantic stories setting in her hometown
3．What makes Alice Munro's stories fascinating according to he text?
A．The complicated plots．B．Her writing techniques．
C．The humorous language．D．Her ch imagination．
4．In her representative work Run．away, Carla
A．leads a happy life with Clark
B．is a faithful wife to her husband
C．tries to run away from her husband
D．loses all hopes for a better life
5．What is the text mainly about?
A．Alice Munro and her hometown．B．The awards Alice Munro won．
C．Alice Munro's literary life．．Alice Munro and her writing syle．
—5、DABCA
【由山东省枣庄市2017模拟
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（AB、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Parents used to rely on physical punishments to control their children's bad behavior, which has been proven to be very harmful．Therefore, most parents now choose to simply yell, thinking that language
probably won't hurt as much．But is hat really so?
Using harsh words such as "lazy" or "stupid" is just as harmful as hitting, according to a new study carried out at the University of Pittsburgh, US．"It cannot reduce or correct their proble behavior," said Professor Ming - Te Wang, leader of the study, in an interview with The Wall Street Journal．"On the contrary, it makes it worse．"
In the study, which involved 976 two - parent families, researchers asked the kids about their behavior problems, while asking their parents how often they had yelled at them． Nearly half of the parents admitted that they'd shouted at their children in the past year．Researchers noted that the kids whose parents used more harsh words experienced more behavior problems after-wards, including fighting, stealing, lyg as well as symptoms of depression．
"Adolescence is a very sensitive period when kids arc trying Lo develop their self -identities（性）．When you yell, it makes them feel they are not capable, and that they are worthless and useless," Wang said．"This may explain why so many parents say that no matter how loud they shout, their teenagers don' t listen．
While harsh yelling can stop bad behavior in the moment,
it doesn' t teach children to be-have how parents want them to, according to Professor Alan Kazdin of Yale University, US．What parents need is to pse their children for good behavior．If parents really need to punish their kids, they should try things like taking away smartphones and reminding hem that good behavior will get them back． After all, "we want to teach kids, not hurt them," said Kazdin．
．How do most parents react to their children's misbehaving now?
A．Letting them alone．B．Beating them．
C．Shouting at them．D．Praising them．
．The study finds that using harsh words． A．can make things even worse B．inspires children to do better
C．corrects children's bad behavior D．has a better effect than hitting
．According to Professor Ming - Te Wang,． A．physical punishments are sometimes necessary
B．children are more self - centered in adolescence
C．parents should never punish kids for misbehaving
D．harsh yelling damages children's self - confidence
4．In Professor Alan Kazdin's opinion, parents should
A．set good examples for their children
B．take away their children' s sphones
C．praise their children for good behavior
D．always think in their children's shoes
5．What does the underlined word "them" in the last paragraph refer to A．children
B．bad behaviors
C．parents．smartphones
—5、CADCD
【由山东省枣庄市2017模拟
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（AB、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。It' s never a real problem for us when the weather gets cold．
We have many different was of coping with the cold．We can put on more clothes, stay next to a fireplace, turn on the air conditioner or simply travel to a warmer city to spend the winter．But things are not as easy for plantsnlike humans, plants can’t move to escape the cold or generate heat to keep themselves warm．So how do they manageurvive the freezing winter?
The cold is a big challenge for plants．Teir living tissues can be damaged when they freeze．t's like a plant's equivalent(相等物）frostbite（冻疮）．Also，the pcess of freezing and thawing（解冻）can causer bubbles to form in the plant's water transport system．f enough of these air bubbles come together as water thaws they can block the flow of water from the roots to the leaves and kill the plant．
To live through cold weather，plants have develop three strategies，Se plants，ch as oak trees, avoid freezing damage by dropping their leaves, before the winter chill sets in-effectively shutting off the flow of water between roots and leaves—and growing new leaves and water transport cells when the warm spring returns. Other plants, pine trees for example, protect them-selves by narrowing their water transport cells, which makes it easier for cells to travel among air bubbles．The third stratef;yi8 also the most extreme．Some plant; die on the ground in winter and start growing as new plants from seeds when conditions get warmer．
Howeer, these smart strategies were developed nmry8lowly－over millions of years of evolution．This eads scientists to worry that plants may not be able to deal with human-caused climate change, which has only started occurring over the past few decades．Scientists are hoping o find possible ways to save plants from the threat of climate change．
1．What is the text mainly about?
A．Different ways for peopkeep warm．
B．How plant live through the freezing winter．
C．How plants develop the 8tratef;ies to keep warm*
D．The ways to save plantsrom the cold,
2． the water transport from roots to leaves 18 blocked,
．
A．the plant will suffer from f'rostbite
B．air bubbles will be formed
C．the plant's lving tissues will be damaged
D．the plant wi be killed
3．Ok trees protect themselves by
． A．stopping the water transport from rootso leaves
B．dropping their eaves to grow seeds
C．slowing the flow of water from roots to eaves
D．storing enough water in the roots
4．What does the undeined phrase “sets in” mean in Paragraph3?
A．stops
B．
C．leaves
D．retus
5．What ithe main idea of the last paragraph
A．Plants can, easily adapt to climate change．
B．Scientists are makin to save plants．
C．Cimates change is a great threat to plants．
D．Plants are developing new stregies to survive．
—5、BDADC