2017届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解解析版汇编：84（含解析）

　　2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（84）

　　阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　The American book Who Moved My Cheese has been a bestseller all over the world. It teaches people how to face changes in their lives. Now its author Spence Johnson has written a book just for teens. The book tells us that when facing change in our lives, like a new school or new friends, don't be afraid. Instead, use this change to make a better life. The book gives an example of a change at school. A school is changing from having two terms to three terms because there are too may students.

　　Several teens are talking about this. Most of them are unhappy and worried. But Chris is not. He laughs and tells a story about two mice, two "little people" and some cheese.

　　The four are in a maze looking for the cheese. Here, cheese means something important in life, like moving to a new class or getting into college. But they find the cheese is gone. The mice realize that they can't change what has happened and have to find more cheese. This means finding different dreams. The little people, however, can't do this. They are afraid of change so they find no cheese.

　　After Chris finishes the story, the friends understand one thing: to get more cheese, move in a new direction quickly. His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teens face, such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself.

　　1. The book Who Moved My Cheese is _______.

　　A. written all over the world

　　B. read across the world

　　C. sold only in America

　　D. loved only by teens

　　2. What does the text mainly discuss?

　　A. Never change in our life.

　　B. Change when you like to do.

　　C. Change with the changes.

　　D. Pay attention to the changes.

　　3. The underline word "four"(paragraph 3) refers to _____.

　　A. Mice and little people

　　B. Students

　　C. Cheese

　　D. Readers

　　4. In our lives, we should learn from _______.

　　A. Mice

　　B. Little people

　　C. Chris

　　D. Spence Johnson

　　5. Which of the following statements is true?

　　A. The author is Britain.

　　B. There are three terms in every school.

　　C. Most teens don't understand Chris' story.

　　D. The book tells teens how to face changes in their lives.

　　【参考答案】1—5、BCAAD

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

　　In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

　　Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long­lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

　　Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first­time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.

　　本文介绍了人们对灰尘的不同态度和看法。16世纪早期，人们认为灰尘能阻挡疾病。人们不能洗澡。18世纪时人们认为洗掉灰尘对身体有好处，能阻止疾病。而现在，人们对灰尘有不同看法，有人认为不能碰灰尘，而有人认为灰尘能增强免疫力。

　　1．The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because ________.

　　A．they lived healthily in a dirty environment

　　B．they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in

　　C．they believed disease could be spread in public baths

　　D．they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease

　　答案：C。细节理解题。根据短文第二段第二、三句话可知。人们认为公共浴池是特别危险的，法国和英国的国王都关闭了他们的浴池，由此可知C项正确。

　　．Which of the following best describes Henry IV's attitude to bathing?

　　A．Afraid.

　　B．Curious.

　　C．Approving.

　　D．Uninterested.

　　答案：A。推理判断题。根据短文第二段最后两句话可知，享利四世以脏出名，当他得知有人洗澡，为了避免疾病侵袭，他下令不准这人出门。由此可知享利四世对于洗澡是相当害怕的。

　　. How does the passage mainly develop?

　　A. By providing examples. B. By making comparisons.

　　C. By following the order of time. D. By following the order of importance.

　　答案：C。细节理解题，本文是以时间为线索进行写作的。先写16世纪人们对灰尘的态度，然后是17世纪，最后写到今天人们的态度。

　　．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

　　A. To stress the role of dirt.B. To introduce the history of dirt.

　　C. To call attention to the danger of dirt. D. To present the change of views on dirt.

　　答案：D。细节理解题。整篇文章作者陈述了三个不同的时间，人们对待灰尘的看法，由此向我们展示了人们对灰尘观点的改变。

　　阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。When Peng Liyuan stepped off the plane in Moscow, the whole world wanted to know who dressed the elegant first lady. The reporter released the secret—Ma Ke.

　　Peng Liyuan has been wearing Ma Ke's designs for more than a decade, a fact that was only highlighted recently when she was on her first state visit, accompanying her husband President Xi Jinping. The elegant and attractive Peng, formerly a popular singer, has been compared with the US’ first lady Michelle Obama and France’s Carla Bruni-Sarkozy, since stepping off the airplane in Moscow on March 22. Suddenly, everyone was curious to know more about the first lady’s wardrobe.

　　Even so, Ma prefers a low-key approach. “If you eat a tasty egg why would you want to see the hen?” she says of all the media attention.

　　Ma’s relationship with Peng began 10 years ago after a concert in Guangzhou when a reporter told Peng she knew the designer behind the label Exception de Mixmind. Peng asked for an introduction because she was a fan of Ma’s designs and had been wearing them for years.

　　The two naturally became friends. Ma says: “The painting reflects the painter, and clothes reflect both the designer and the wearer. Someone desires fame and wealth, or love and sympathy; what you have in your heart is reflected in the design. Those who don’t share my philosophy won’t buy my clothes. Peng is a caring person, devoted to charity and environmental protection, which is exactly what I’m doing now.”

　　However, regardless of the brand, Peng’s support of Chinese labels has surprised millions of Chinese who favor foreign fashion brands.

　　“Instead she presented a vision of Chinese fashion, desiring to bring Chinese designers to the world stage,” says a western designer.

　　The first lady’s double-breasted coat and her black leather handbag aren’t available at any of Exception’s shops, though Exception’s physical stores do have seen a rising number of visitors.

　　1.. The passage mainly discusses _________.

　　A. the designer of the first lady Peng Liyuan’s dress, Ma Ke

　　B. the friendship between Peng Liyuan and her designer

　　C. Peng Liyuan’s clothes on her first state visit

　　D. the reactions to Peng Liyuan’s first visit to Moscow

　　2.. In the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 Ma Ke mentioned “an egg and the hen” to show _________.

　　A. it is hard to explain “Which came first, the egg or the hen?”

　　B. paying such great attention to her was unnecessary

　　C. the outcome was more important than the process

　　D. her dissatisfaction with the media attention on her dress

　　3.. What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A. First ladies compete with each other whenever they are together.

　　B. Peng’s suits can be bought in Ma Ke’s clothes stores.

　　C. Ma Ke offered to design the first lady’s clothes through her friends.

　　D. Peng had liked Ma’s designs long before she got to know her in the flesh.

　　4.. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A. Peng wears the dress designed by a Chinese designer probably to support Chinese brands.

　　B. Many citizens found Peng Liyuan’s choice quite unexpected.

　　C. Black leather handbags like Peng’s are widely sold in bag stores in big cities.

　　D. After Peng Liyuan’s visit to Moscow Ma Ke’s clothes became more popular.

　　1.A主旨大意题。根据The reporter released the secret—Ma Ke.故选A。

　　.B词义猜测题。根据Even so, Ma prefers a low-key approach.故选B。

　　.D推理判断题。根据Ma’s relationship with Peng began 10 years ago after a concert in Guangzhou when a reporter told Peng she knew the designer behind the label Exception de Mixmind.Peng asked for an introduction because she was a fan of Ma’s designs and had been wearing them for years.故选D。

　　..C细节理解题。根据her black leather handbag aren’t available at any of Exception’s shops,

　　故选C。

　　A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　It's 5：00 in the morning when the alarm (闹钟) rings in my ears. I roll out of bed and walk blindly through the dark into the bathroom. I turn on the light and put on my glasses. The house is still as I walk downstairs while my husband and three kids sleep peacefully. Usually I go for a long run, but today I choose my favorite exercise DVD, Insanity. Sweat pours down my face and into my eyes. My heart races as I force my body to finish each movement. As I near the end of the exercise, I feel extremely tired, but a smile is on my face. It's not a smile because the DVD is over, but a smile of success from pushing my body to its extreme limit.

　　Some people enjoy shopping, smoking, food, work, or even chocolate. But I need exercise to get through each day. Some shake heads when they see me run through the town. Others get hurt when I refuse to try just one bite of their grandmother's chocolate cake. They raise their eyebrows, surprised by my “no thank you，” or by my choice to have a salad. Over the years, I have learned it's okay to just say “no”. I shouldn't feel sorry for refusing food that I don't want to eat.

　　So what drives me to roll out of bed at 5：00 a．m.？What gives me the reason to just say no to ice cream? Commitment. A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety, increases self­confidence and energy，extends life and above all improves my body shape.This is the point where a smile appears on my face as I look at myself in the mirror or try on my favorite pair of jeans that now fit just right.It's through commitment and sweat that I can make a difference within myself inside and out.

　　一个每天按时起床锻炼身体的女人，一个有着自己个性与喜好的女人，为了保持自己的体型，降低压力，提高自信，坚持着这种日复一日的锻炼，让自己每天都挂着笑容面对生活。

　　1．Why is there a smile on the author's face in the morning?

　　A．Because she sees her family sleeping peacefully.

　　B．Because she finishes her favorite exercise.

　　C．Because she enjoys the interesting DVD.

　　D．Because she feels a sense of achievement.

　　答案：D。细节判断题。根据第一个段落的最后一句话， 先排除C的说法；在本句中“a smile of success of pushing…”可以断定其实是一种成就感令她脸上挂着笑容。最大的干扰项可能会是B，但如果细读，会找到关键词“success”。

　　2．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 2?

　　A．She doesn't treat others politely.

　　B．She likes to make others surprised.

　　C．Others don't understand what she dose.

　　D．Others try to help her by offering her food.

　　答案：C。细节判断题。从本段的情节来看，选项A，D都相差甚远；而“I need exercise to get through each day”正是表明了作者的喜好，而不是像选项B说的喜欢出奇，故排除B。从“raised their eyebrows, surprised by...”来看，其实别人是感到奇怪而已。

　　3．What does the underlined word “commitment” in the last paragraph mean?

　　A．Good health.

　　B．Firm belief.

　　C．A strong power.

　　D．A regular habit.

　　答案：B。词意理解题。从全文的语境信息来看，这么多年，这么坚持，这么享受，而且从“sweat”一词身上也能找到提示，即：坚定的信念与汗水，故选项B最符合语境。

　　4．What can we learn about the author from the text?

　　A．She acts in a strange way.

　　B．She wants to look different from others.

　　C．She aims to develop a good body shape.

　　D．She has difficulty getting along with others.

　　答案：C。理解判断题。文章的最后一段中有一句话“above all improves my body shape”，从这句话中可以确定选项C的说法是正确的。

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia（蒙古）, some friends ask you to eat with them. What kind of manners do they want you to have? They want you to give a loud burp（打饱嗝儿）after you finish eating. Burping would show that you like your food. In some countries, if you give a big burp, you are told to say “Excuse me, please”.

　　In many places people like to eat together. But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating at all. People show their good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat.

　　What are manners like in an East African town? The people try not to see you. They are being polite. You may see a friend. He may not see you at all. If you are polite, you will sit down beside him. You will wait until he finishes what he is doing. Then he will talk to you. Manners are different all over the world. But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way. People need ways to show that they want to be friends.

　　1. In Mongolia, burping is a way of showing that __________.

　　A . you are impolite

　　B . you enjoyed the meal prepared by the host

　　C . your meal was not enough

　　D . you are friendly with your host

　　2. However, in some countries, if you give a big burp, you are told to say “________”

　　A . I’m full

　　B . I’m sorry

　　C . I have had enough

　　D . Excuse me, please

　　3. In Polynesia, to be polite while eating you should __________.

　　A . eat quickly

　　B . sit still

　　C . turn your back on others

　　D . say “Be quick, please”

　　4. People in an East African town are being polite by __________.

　　A . waiting for a long time before visits

　　B . sitting down beside others

　　C . seeing a friend quickly

　　D . trying not to see you

　　5. We have good manners to show that we __________.

　　A . are different from other people

　　B . don’t want other people to worry us

　　C . begin all manners in the same way

　　D . want to be friends with other people

　　【参考答案】1—5、BDCDD

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near­infrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.

　　The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.

　　That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR­absorbing group called

　　o­nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so­so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.

　　So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive (易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light­absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.

　　1. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?

　　A. Temperature change.

　　B. NIR light.

　　C. Acidity change.

　　D. UV light.

　　2. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?

　　A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.

　　B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.

　　C. It has not come onto the market up till now.

　　D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.

　　3. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?

　　⇨⇨⇨

　　A. protected

　　B. formed

　　C. exposed

　　D. combined

　　【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加安全、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。

　　. B　信息理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near­infrared light (NIR，近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.”可知答案。

　　. D　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“…ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.”和“…and it could be poisonous to cells…”可知答案。

　　. C　信息理解题。根据最后一段第五句“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。