2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（96）
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2017·湛江市普通高考测试一When you make a mistake，big or small，cherish it as it’s the most precious thing in the world.
Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes，beat ourselves up about it，feel like failures，and get mad at ourselves.
And that’s only natural：Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad，and we should try to avoid mistakes.We’ve been scolded when we make mistakes—at home，school and work.Maybe not always，but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
Yet without mistakes，we could not learn or grow.If you think about it that way，mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the
world：They
make
learning
possible；they make growth
and improvement possible.
By trial and error—trying things，making mistakes，and learning from those mistakes—we have figured out how to make electric lights，to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel，and to fly.
Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler，make speech possible，and make works of genius possible.
Think about how we learn：We don’t just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it.You don’t just read about painting，or writing，or computer programming，or baking，or playing the piano，and know how to do them fight away.Instead，you get information about something，from reading or from another person or from observing usually...then you construct a model in your mind...then you test it out by trying it in the real world...then you make mistakes...then you revise the model based on the results of your real world experimentation...and repeat，making mistakes，learning from those mistakes，until you’ve pretty much learned how to do something.
That’s how we learn as babies and toddlers，and how we learn as adults.Mistakes are how we learn to do something new—because if you succeed in something，it’s probably something you already knew how to do.You haven’t really grown much from that success—at most it’s the last step on your journey，not the whole journey.Most of the journey is made up of mistakes，if it’s a good journey.
So if you value learning，if you value growing and improving，then you should value mistakes.They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible.
．Why do most of us feel bad about making mistakes?
A．Because mistakes make us suffer a lot.
B．Because it’s a natural part in our life.
C．Because we’ve been taught so from a young age.
D．Because mistakes have ruined many people’s careers.
．According to the passage，what is the right attitude to mistakes?
A．We should try to avoid making mistakes.
B．We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes.
C．We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn.
D．We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
3．The underlined word “toddler” in Paragraph 6 probably means________.
A．a small child learning to walk
B．a kindergarten child learning to draw
C．a primary pupil learning to read
D．a school teenager learning to write
．We can learn from the passage that________.
A．most of us can really grow from success
B．growing and improving are based on mistakes
C．we learn to make mistakes by trial and error
D．we read about something and know how to do it right away
．The author wants to tell us________.
A．what you should do when meeting with difficulties
B．where you can find your mistakes
C．how you can avoid making mistakes
D．why you should celebrate your mistakes
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要说明错误是生活中不可避免的事情，我们应该正确对待错误，在修正错误中不断地学习和成长。
．解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话中“Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad，and we should try to avoid mistakes.”可知，C项符合题意。
答案： C
．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When you make a mistake，big or small，cherish it as it’s the most precious thing in the world”以及下文的表述可推断，人们在错误中学习和提高，故选C项。
答案： C
．解析： 词义猜测题。根据该词所在句子中“walking”和“smallest”可猜测，此处toddler应指“蹒跚学步的孩子”。句意为：错误使幼小的孩子学会走路成为可能，使学会讲话成为可能……故选A项。
答案： A
．解析： 推理判断题。根据第八段第三句话中“ You haven’t really grown much from that success”可知，A项与文章不符；根据第五段第一句话“By trial and error—trying things，making mistakes，and learning from those mistakes”可知，C项与文章不符；根据第七段第一、二句话可知，D项与文章不符。根据第四段中“they make growth and improvement possible”可推断B项与文章相符。
答案： B
．解析： 推理判断题。文章开头提出了文章的写作主旨，即我们应该珍惜错误。全文叙述了为什么我们应该珍惜并庆祝我们的错误。
答案： D.阅读理解2017·江西省南昌两校高三上学期第四次联考The American newspaper publisher Arthur Sulzberger Sr died at the age of 86.Mr Sulzberger led The New York Times for more than three decades，before passing the business to his son.He took over the paper in 1963 when it was in financial trouble，and transformed it into the heart of a multibillion dollar media empire.
His family announced he had died at his home in Southampton，New York State，after a long illness.His son，Arthur Sulzberger Jr，said in a statement that his father，whom he referred to by his childhood nickname of Punch，was “one of our industry’s most admired executives”．“Punch，the old Marine captain who never backed down from a fight，was an absolutely fierce defender of the freedom of the press，” he said.
The New York Times was bought by Mr Sulzberger Sr’s grandfather Adolph Ochs in 1896.During Mr Sulzberger’s tenure，The New York Times won 31 Pulitzer prizes.
Born in New York City,5 February 1926，Sr served in Marine Corps during World War Ⅱ and Korean War，joined
The New York Times in 1951 after graduating from Columbia
College，took over as publisher in 1963 after his brotherinlaw died suddenly，stepped down in 1997 and passed stewardship to his son，Arthur Sulzberger Jr.
He oversaw a huge circulation boost at the paper，and increased its parent company’s annual revenues (年收入) from
$100m in 1963 to $1.7bn by the time he stepped down in 1997.He also led the paper through highlevel clashes with the
political establishment.In 1971，The Times published a series of stories saying that politicians had systematically lied over the US involvement in Vietnam.The source was thousands of leaked government documents known as the Pentagon Papers.The Nixon
administration
demanded
that
the
paper
stop publishing the stories on grounds of national security.But the paper refused，and then won the subsequent court case by arguing that the First Amendment of the US Constitution (宪法) guaranteed free speech.The case is seen as a landmark in the history of free speech in the US.Mr Sulzberger said he read more than 7,000 pages of the Pentagon Papers before personally deciding to publish them.
His family still holds a controlling stake (控股权) in The New York Times.He was a strong believer in family ownership
of newspapers.He once joked：“My conclusion is
simple.Nepotism works.”
1．When did Arthur Sulzberger Sr die?
A．In 1997.B．In 2017.
C．In 1963. D．In 1971.
2．Punch，the old Marine captain was actually________.
A．Arthur Sulzberger Jr
B．Adolph Ochs
C．Arthur Sutzberger Sr’s father
D．Arthur Sulzberger Sr
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Arthur Sulzberger Sr took over The New York Times from his brotherinlaw.
B．Arthur Sulzberger Jr’s grandfather bought The New York Times.
C．Arthur Sulzberger Sr resigned when The New York Times was in financial trouble.
D．Arthur Sulzberger Jr took over The New York Times after graduating from Columbia College.
4．In the political case in the 1970s，Mr Sulzberger________.
A．failed the case in the end
B．lost the controlling stake in The New York Times
C．gave in to the government
D． succeeded in guarding free speech of the paper
5．What does the underlined word “Nepotism”
probably refer to?
A．Friendship.B．Politics.
C．Family ownershipD．Freedom of speech.
语篇解读 本文介绍了《纽约时报》前总裁Arthur Sulzberger Sr的生平。
1．解析： 考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句中的“Arthur Sulzberger Sr died at the age of 86” 和第四段第一句中的“Born in New York City,5 February 1926”可知，他出生于1926年，去世时86岁，由此可知他在2017年去世。
答案： B
2．解析： 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“His son，Arthur Sulzberger Jr，said in a statement that his father，whom he referred to by his childhood nickname of Punch，was ‘one of our industry’s most admired executives’”．可知Punch，the old Marine captain指Arthur Sulzberger Sr。
答案： D
3．解析： 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Sr served in Marine Corps...took over as publisher in 1963 after his brotherinlaw died suddenly”可知，A项正确。B项中的“Arthur Sulzberger Jr’s grandfather”错误；根据第一段最后一句可知C项错误；根据第四段可知D项错误。
答案： A
4．解析： 考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“national security.But the paper refused，and then won the subsequent court case”可知，D项符合题意。
答案： D
5．解析： 考查词义猜测。根据画线词前面的“He was a strong believer in family ownership of newspapers.”可推测，画线词指的应是family ownership。
答案：C阅读理解2017·南昌市高三第三次模拟测试Millions of people are using cell phones today.In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one.In many countries，cell phones are very popular with young people.They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried.Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones.In England，there has been a serious debate about this issue.Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas.They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand，why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones？Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment.In one case，a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss.He couldn’t remember even simple tasks.He would often forget the name of his own son.This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day，every day of his working week，for a couple of years.His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use，but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful？The answer is radiation.Hightech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones.Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation.But they say the amount is too small to worry about.
As the discussion about their safety continues，it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often.Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time.Use your mobile phone only when you really need it.Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient，especially in emergencies.In the future，mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health.So for now，it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often.
1．People buy cell phones for the following reasons except that________.
A．they’re popularB．they’re convenient
C．they’re useful
D．they’re cheap
2．The word “detected” in Paragraph 3 could be best replaced by________.
A．discovered
B．removed
C．cured
D．caused
3．The salesman retired young because________.
A．he disliked using mobile phones
B．he couldn’t remember simple tasks
C．he was tired of talking on his mobile phone
D．his employer’s doctor persuaded him to
4．On the safety issue of mobile phones，the manufacturing companies________.
A．deny the existence of mobile phone radiation
B．develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation
C．hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about
D．try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health
5．The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise people________.
A．to buy mobile phones
B．to use mobile phones less often
C．to update regular phones
D．to stop using mobile phones
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。手机给我们的生活带来了很多便利。但是手机辐射却威胁着我们的身体健康。
1．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句中的“cell phones are very popular with young people”可知，A项表述正确；根据最后一段倒数第三句中的“be very useful and convenient”可知，B、C两项表述正确；D项文中未提及。
答案： D
2．解析： 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，画线词所在句子的句意为：通过现代扫描仪器扫描，可以探测一些大脑和头部组织发生变化的信号。
答案： A
3．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三、四句“In one case，a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss.He couldn’t remember even simple tasks.”可知，答案B符合文意。
答案： B
4．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation，but they say the amount is too small to worry about.”可知，答案C符合文意。
答案： C
5．解析： 写作意图题。根据文章最后一段第一句“As the discussion about their safety continues，it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often.”可知，作者建议人们尽量少用手机。
答案： B阅读理解2017·赣州市高三年级适应性考试I grew up with a fat dad—450 pounds at his heaviest.Every week he would try a new diet，and my family ended up eating whatever strange food he was trying at that moment.
After my thirdgrade year，my dad landed a lifechanging job in Manhattan.My mom，my little sister and I had to move away from our hometown，Chicago，and leave my grandmother and her beautiful food behind.
Leaving my grandmother was far more frightening than the move to New York City.There would be no more special weekends at my grandmother’s house，the only place I can remember feeling happy，safe and nourished (有营养的)．It was what I desired.In this new city，I felt extremely alone and lost，and I missed my grandmother terribly.
My grandmother knew just how I felt—And she knew the cure.Every week，she would send me a card with a $20 bill，a recipe and a list of what to buy at the market.It kept us bonded，and her recipes filled my body and soul.
Over the years，I have grown to better understand my father’s struggles with weight and the toll (代价) it took on him and those who love him.I have come to realize he was driven not by vanity (自负) or selfishness as much as by a deep pain.And in spite of growing up in such an unhealthy eating environment (or perhaps because of it)，as an adult I found a passion and a career as a nutrition consultant.
Today，my father weighs 220 pounds and is a vegan (素食者)．How he got there is a story I hope to share in the coming weeks.More importantly，food is no longer a barrier that keeps us apart，but a bridge that keep us connected.There is nothing my dad enjoys more than talking with me about dietary theories and his weightloss victories.And now I am the one regularly sending recipe cards to my father’s house，just as my grandmother did for me.
1．What kind of person was actually the author’s father?
A．He was a man of vanity and selfishness.
B．He didn’t like to eat with his family.
C．He was more painful than selfish.
D．He forced his family to eat what he liked.
2．The author desired to go to his grandmother’s________.
A．to see his father B．for tasty food
C．for pocket money
D．to avoid his family
3．The underlined word “cure” in Paragraph 4 is the nearest in meaning to “________”．
A．solution B．concern
C．operation D．situation
4．The author became a nutrition consultant mainly because________.
A．his father often talked with him about dietary theories
B．he was determined to change his own daily habits
C．he wanted to study the recipes his grandmother had given him
D．his childhood experiences gave him too deep an impression
5．What can we learn about the author from the last paragraph?
A．He often quarreled with his father about food
B．His father will tell him his story in the following weeks
C．The most he talks about with his father is nourishment
D．He often sends recipe cards to his grandmother in return
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者小时候，爸爸很胖，每周都需要尝试一种新的食物来减肥，全家人都不得不与爸爸一起“试吃”，为此作者对爸爸意见很大。后来随着年龄的增长，作者对父亲也有了更深的理解，在选择职业时也选了营养师这份工作。
1．解析：
推理判断题。根据第五段第一、二句“Over the years...I have come to realize...as much as by a deep pain.”可知，这些年来，作者逐渐理解了父亲，意识到他苦苦地与自己的体重作斗争，不是虚荣和自私，而是对于自己的体重感到深深的痛苦。由此可知，C项内容与题意相符。
答案： C
2．解析： 细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，作者和家人一起搬到了曼哈顿，离开了祖母还有她做的精致美食，以致作者非常想念祖母，特别渴望去她的家里品尝美味佳肴。
答案： B
3．解析： 词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词前后内容可知，作者的祖母知道作者心中的想法，每周会给作者寄20美元，一个食谱还有一个购物单。结合选项可推知，画线词所在句子意思是作者的祖母知道解决的办法。因此画线词的意思与选项中solution的词义最为接近。
答案： A
4．解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“And in spite of growing up in such an unhealthy
eating
environment...I
found
a
passion
and
a
career
as
a nutrition consultant.”可知，尽管在一个如此不健康的饮食环境中成长(也许正是因为这一点)，作者长大后成为了一个营养咨询师。由此可知，作者童年的经历给他留下了很深的印象，因此，作者后来成为一名营养咨询师。
答案： D
5．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第四句“There is nothing my dad enjoys more than talking with me about dietary theories and his weightloss victories”可知，作者和父亲谈论最多的应该是食品方面的内容。
答案：C