吉林舒兰市2017高考英语阅读理解一轮训练3
阅读理解。
A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct(不同的) species.
The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant.
Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列)from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.
The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.
There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.
Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants' significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.
Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先) for conservation purposes.”
本文讲述了一项新的科学发现：通过对非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象DNA的鉴定，科学家们得出结论：它们是两种不同的物种。我们要保护这些珍稀动物。
1．One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________
A．the Asian elephant
B．the forest elephant
C．the savanna elephant D．the mastodon elephant
答案：D。细节理解题。由第3段第一句话“...two fossils，mammoths and mastodons...”可知D项正确。
．The underlined word “divergence”in Paragraph 4 means “________ ”．
A．evolution
B．exhibition
C．separation
D．examination
答案：C。词义猜测题。科学家门一直在证明非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象是两种不同的物种，他们之间的分歧使科学家们大为惊讶。
．The researchers' conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant's ________.
A．DNA
B．height
C．weight
D．population
答案：A。细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后一句话“However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA”可知。
．What are Alfred Roca's words mainly about?
A．The conservation of African elephants.
B．The purpose of studying African elephants.
C．The way to divide African elephants into two units.
D．The reason for the distinction of African elephants.
答案：A。推理判断题。由文章最后一段“...for conservation purposes”可知A项正确。
．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Naturalists' Beliefs about Elephants
B．Amazing Experiments about Elephants
C．An Unexpected Finding about Elephants
D．A Long Scientific Debate about Elephants
答案：C。主旨大意题。全文讲述了关于非洲大象的一项意外的发现。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中·选出最佳选项。
A
Roger Colmer is a modem-day Horatio Alger hero．Roger started out as an unpaid worker in a small flower shop．He has become the owner of a florist company whose sales are well over $l00，000 a year．
One day when Roger was only twelve，he stopped at a local flower shop．He asked the owner if he could work fur him，without pay, in order to learn the business．Roger started working every day after school and on weekends．After ‘two years on the job，he finally asked for a small salary．The owners told him he "wasn’t good enough to be paid．”So he quit ,and found a paying job at another local flower shop．。He worked hard there，but after six months they laid him off
because business was slow．
Not discouraged, Roger decided to do it alone and started his own flower store in a basement．He started his business with only sixty-five dollars．He bought old refrigerators at garage sales and knocked the shelves out This turned．them into coolers fur his fresh-cut flowers．His business grew rapidly as he built up a reputation for top quality and fine service．
In l977，Roger bought out the flower store where he had worked without pay for over two years．The people who said he "wasn’t good enough” were astonished to find that they were being taken over by a teenager He had plans to renovate the whole store．
One of the reasons the owners sold out to Roger was that the store wasn’t doing well．But after Roger took over ownership and redid the store，business
started booming．In fact, business was so good that after one year, he celebrated by buying out the other store where he had worked．Roger then combined both Stores and moved to a location in the center of his town．
The new store has 2，000 square feet and seven employees．And he did it all before he reached the age of twenty．
36.The author is most eager to show that people who want to get ahead in business should
A Work without pay
B own a flower shop
C work hard and be persistent
D work as teenagers
37. Which of the following does NOT describe Roger Comer’s history in business?
A He worked for two years without pay
B He needed luck to be successful
C He opened his first flower business in a basement
D He opened a store in the middle of his town
38. The style of the passage is mostly like a
A newspaper article
B humorous story
C television play
D magazine interview
39. Which of the following statements about Roger Conner is NOT true?
A He gave customers better service than the other shops he had worked for
B He was a very brave and heroic young man
C He worked hard without pay in a flower shop in order to get to know the business
D He was free to make decisions on the location of his shop
40.From what you know about Roger Conner, you can conclude that a “Horatio Alger hero is the kind of person who
A works hard in the flower business
B is born into a rich family
C starts out poor and becomes rich
D becomes famous
【参考答案】36-40CBABC
【2017高考训练】
Because of the financial crisis in the US and UK, college students are beginning to struggle to find ways to pay their tuition fees and accommodations.
Recently, two major US student loan lenders—Citibank and JPMorgan Chase—announced they were leaving the student loan industry altogether. Because banks currently have a lack of credit(存款额), they are reluctant to offer students lowinterest loans(贷款) that need a severalyear wait for any return of interest.
In the US, many undergraduates top up their financial needs with a private loan, although the majority can get governmentfunded loans. In the 20052006 academic year, $17 billion in private student loans was used to finance higher education. The shortfall in private funding has yet to be covered and will hit many US students hard.
Across the Atlantic, UK students have been less troubled by the crisis. Most undergraduates in the UK cover their university expenses with governmentfunded loans and grants(助学金). Their biggest concern is a sudden steep increase in student rent.
Most young professionals now rent houses, since 80 percent of UK mortgage schemes(住房抵押贷款计划) have disappeared—a direct result of the credit crisis. This has boosted the house rent market.
In large cities, UK students are paying almost 6.5 percent more in rent than the previous year. Figures from the UK organization Accommodation for Student show students in big cities such as London paying an average weekly rent of $103.
Yet, despite students' suffering, the number of this year’s university applications is expected to grow. During economic slumps, people regard further education as a way to survive tough job markets.
60. According to the passage, banks are unwilling to offer students loans because ________.
A. the students are poor and sometimes they can’t pay off the debt
B. banks prefer lending the money to the young professionals
C. banks don’t have enough money left at the present time
D. they think college students are not studying hard
61. The underlined phrase “top up” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A. put up
B. make up
C. fill up
D. pick up
62. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. UK college students have to pay more if they want to rent houses.
B. More UK students want to further their study in college.
C. It is not so easy for US students to loan money now.
D. College students' tuition fees have risen greatly.
63. It can be inferred that ________.
A. there are no private student loan lenders in the UK
B. loans for US college students will be increased next year
C. private funding falls a little because of higherinterest loans in the US
D. private loans play a very important role in financing US students’ education
64. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. college students in the US and UK are faced with their financial crisis
B. it is the duty of the governments to solve college students' financial crisis
C. private student loan is a good way for college students to overcome the difficulties
D. further education is a good way for college students to survive tough job markets
【参考答案】60—64、CCDDA
阅读理解
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
You are busy filling out the application form for a position you really need；let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma (文凭) represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?
More and more people are turning to an utter deception (欺骗)like this to land their first job or to move ahead in their careers. For personnel officers, like most Americans, value degress from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a wellknown university. Registrars(学籍管理员)at most wellknown colleges say that they deal with dishonest claims like these at the rate of about one per week.
Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. It turns out that when an applicant is lying, most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school refers to them as “special cases”. One wellknown West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says these claims are made by “no such people”．
To avoid complete lies，some job seekers claim that they “attended” or “were associated with”a college or university. After careful checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century—that's when they began keeping records, anyhow.
If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a fake diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University”. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue”. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.
因为人事部门的官员们更看重名校学历，因此人们常常为谋求一份好工作和职位而造假。
13．The writer mainly wants to tell us that ________.
A. college degrees can now be purchased easily
B. nowadays it is very hard for people to find jobs
C. lying about college degrees is becoming a widespread problem
D. employers are no longer interested in applicants' actual performances
答案：C。主旨大意题。总览文章可知C项为本文主旨。
14．As used in the first line of the second paragraph，the word “utter” means ________.
A. thorough
B. careful
C. imcomplete
D. spoken
答案：A。词义猜测题。由第二段第一句中的关键词deception(欺骗)及其后的解释“学历造假”，再结合文章主旨可推出A项正确。thorough彻底的。
15．Once finding applicants with false diplomas, most colleges would ________.
A. keep the records of themB. drive them out of college
C. avoid direct conflicts with them D. accuse them of such behaviors
答案：C。推理判断题。由第三段中的“...most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly”．和下面给出的例子可推断出C项正确。
16．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. US employers value their job applicants with a degree from top universities
B. University of Purdue and Purdue University are the same school
C. people with fake diplomas can get their first jobs in US easily
D. people pay the same price for a fake diploma from different universities
答案：A。事实细节题。由第二段第二句“For personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools.”可知A项正确。由尾段可知B、D错误；C项在文中没有信息支持。
Early on Saturday morning, one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded hit central Chile. The powerful quake killed more than 800 people, destroyed or badly damaged 1.5 million homes and affected almost 2 million people.
The 8.8-magnitude earthquake struck around 3:34 a.m., jolting(震摇) people awake all over the country. The earthquake came from underwater, off the coast of Chile.
Fernando Abarzua was in one of the many buildings that collapsed(倒塌) there. “I was on the eighth floor and all of a sudden I was down here,” he said, adding that he was surprised to have escaped with no major injuries.
The earthquake triggered(引发) a tsunami that swept across the Pacific Ocean, setting off warnings in 53 countries. In the end, the tsunami's waves caused major damage and several deaths in Chile but nowhere else.
Dozens of aftershocks, or smaller earthquakes, rattled(使颤动) the area in the days following Saturday's massive quake.
Chile has a history of earthquakes. The largest recorded earthquake in the world—a 9.5-magnitude quake—struck the country in May 1960. Since 1973, there have been 13 quakes there with a magnitude of at least 7.0. As a result, Chile's newer buildings were built to withstand(经受住) the shocks.
That is one reason that Chile's quake—though 500 times stronger—has caused much less damage than the earthquake that struck Haiti in January.
On Sunday, Bachelet ordered troops in Chile to help hand out food, water and blankets and to clear rubble(瓦砾堆)from the roads. Temporary hospitals were planned for the hardest-hit areas.
She later requested help from the international community. On Monday, the United Nations prepared earthquake relief efforts as well as 30 tons of food and other help.
Even before Bachelet's request, President Obama announced that the U.S. was prepared to help. “The United States stands ready to assist in the rescue and recovery efforts,” he said.
60. The passage mainly tells us
A. how the world helped Chile after its earthquake
B. a massive（巨大的） earthquake rocked Chile and the response to it
C. hundreds of people died after the Chile’s earthquake
D. the poorest country-Chile was destroyed completely
61. According to the passage, we know Fernando Abarzua is
A. brave
B. devoted
C. lucky
D. kind
62. Which of the following could be the main and direct reason that caused less
damage in Chile than that in Haiti?
A. Help came in time.
B. Chile's people had got the news before the earthquake.
C. Chile is richer than Haiti.
D. Most of the buildings in Chile can bear the shocks.
63. The passage most probably appears
A. in a newspaper
B. in a magazine
C. in a history book
D. in an advertisement