(讲)-2017年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(解析版)
选修8
Unit 3---5
单元知识预览
项目 单词及其词性变化(语法填空必备)
重点单词 .专利证书;专利权显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别鉴定;辨认;确定;身份证明4.bear
vt.
忍受;忍耐;负担(水或气)流;电流现6.practical
adj.
实际的;实践的;实用的能力;胜任;本领无锈的;不锈的;没有污点的便利的;方便的;就近的方便;便利便利地;方便地联想;联系同伴;伙伴社团;谈论;言论;评述谈论;评论;说起.
谴责;使……注定优秀的;较高的;上级的上级;长官妥协;折衷(使)褪色;减弱;逐渐消失hesitate
vi.
犹豫;踌躇犹豫;踌躇编排;分类;归类分类;归类抢劫;盗窃;剥夺
n.
抢劫(行为)可怕的;恐怖的恐怖带来麻烦的;使人心烦的使忧虑,使苦恼;麻烦(某人)麻烦;问题;恶劣处境可能的选择供选择的;其他的打断……讲话;打岔;暂时中断或中止假定;设想somehow
adv.
以……方式;不知怎么地试探性的;不确定的考古学原始的;远古的;简陋的精确;准确准确的;精确的意义;意思;重要性;重要意义重要的;重大的
vi.& vt.
鼓掌欢迎;赞赏鼓掌
重点短语 给……打电话开始;着手迅速把手伸入;一心投入不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过(把某人)改变或冒充成……就……来说;从……角度sth.
抢劫某人某物带或领……进来再一次(声音、画面)逐渐模糊;渐淡不管;不顾(be/get)fed up with
受够了;饱受;厌烦向前看;为将来打算追溯到……;始于集中经典句型
(高考书面表达必备) 祈使句+and+陈述句”结构w it up,explore all around it, and before you know it,you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中,你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。是省略句,表示“假如……将会是怎样;即使……又有什么要紧”之意if I was?倘若我是的话会怎样?+抽象名词”表示“具有(某种特征或属性)的”将会对你有用处吗?意为“要是……就好了”,句中要用虚拟语气e just like last year!
要是能跟去年那样该有多好啊!不定式在句中作结果状语,强调意想不到的结Abruptly she sat down,only to be scooped up by her laughing,shouting sister,Luna.突然间她坐了下来,但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把搂了过来。必备语法(高级句型) 晨读范文背诵
背诵这篇范文【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2017届高三模底】据报道2016年全球地表水将面临枯竭的危险,中国同样也面临着水资源严重短缺的问题,请你代表学生会写一份倡议书,呼吁同学们节约用水,防止水污染。
内容包括:1.水的重要性;
2.浪费和污染现象;
3.发出倡议。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。
Save Water, Save Life
Dear students,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
Student Union
【参考范文】
Dear students,
As we all know, water is the source of life. Without water, there would be nothing alive on the earth. But the freshwater available on the earth is becoming less and less. Facing such a serious water shortage problem, we should take immediate action.
First, we should recycle the water we use every day. Second, when we wash up, we shouldn’t leave the water
running. And when we take a bath,we may turn the tap down and turn it off m time. Besides,we should spread water knowledge to public.
Remember: Save water, save life. Don’t let our tear become the last drop of water on our planet.
Thank you!
Student Union
语言知识精析
重点单词精讲
考点1.distinguish vi.& vt.显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别
【教材原句】Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.这回我有机会来表现一下自己,我要发明某种仁慈的东西,既可以把蛇捉住,又不会伤害到它们。
【例句研读】
(1)His attorney argued that Cope could not distinguish between right and wrong.
他的辩护律师称科普无法分辨是非。
(2)As far as I know,Lin Dan has already distinguished himself as an athlete.
据我所知,作为运动员林丹已享有盛名。
(3)The six-month-old baby can distinguish the monkey from other animals.
这个六个月大的婴儿能辨别猴子和其他动物。
【归纳拓展】
distinguished adj. 卓越的,著名的,杰出的 distinguishable adj. 易分辨的,能区分的
distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和…… distinguish...from... 使……有别于……,使…… 具有区别于……的特征 distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)表现突出 be distinguished by/for 以……为特征/著名
【即时巩固】
(1)He‘s ____________________ himself ______ a teacher. 作为老师,他早已负有盛名。 (2)We should ______ ____________ major ______ minor work and not put the trivial above the important. 我们的工作要分主次,不能轻重倒置。
(3)What was it that _____________ her ______ her classmates? 是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢?
【答案】(1)distinguished as(2)distinguish between and (3)distinguished from
考点2.convenient adj.便利的;方便的;就近的convenient作表语时,一般不用表示人的名词或代词作主语。
【教材原句】They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.他们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。
【例句研读】
(1) Come by to see us at your convenience.=Come by to see us when it is convenient for/to you.
在你方便的时候来看我们。
(2) The gates are always open for the convenience of visitors/for the visitors' convenience.为了方便参观者,这些门总是开着。
【归纳拓展】
convenience n. 方便,便利 It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说 是方便的。 Sth. be convenient to/for sb. 对某人来说……是方便的。 at sb‘s convenience 在某人方便的时候 convenience food 方便食品 convenience store 便利店
【即时巩固】
(1)We must ____________ a convenient time and place ______ the meeting. 我们必须安排一个合适的时间和地点开会。 (2)When would ________________________ you to go? 你什么时候去方便? (3)The hotel has a restaurant for the guests' _________. 这家旅馆为方便旅客设有餐厅。
考点3.Associate
vt.联想;联系 n.同伙;伙伴
【教材原句】Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone,he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life.
虽然人们常把他和发明电话联系在一起,但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家,不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。
【例句研读】
(1) I don't associate him with energetic sports.我不把他和剧烈的体育运动联系在一起。 (2) The first step to making friends is associating with other people.
交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人联系。
(3) We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.我们联合一家当地的公司,为无家可归的人筹款。
【归纳拓展】
(1)associate...with...把……与……联系起来
be associated with...与……有关
associate with sb.与某人交往/共事
(2)association n.联合;联想;交往;协会;团体
in association with...与……合作/合伙
【即时巩固】
(1)I’ve never _____________ you ______ this place. 我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。 (2)I wouldn’t want to __________________ Mckey’s project. 我不想和麦基的计划有任何瓜葛。 (3)I don’t like these layabouts you’re ____________. 我不喜欢你结交的这些游手好闲的人。
考点4.hesitate vi.犹豫;踌躇
【例句研读】
(1) The Mullers didn't hesitate to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.
穆勒夫妇毫不犹豫地把电话号码给那些无家可归的人,并告诉他们需要的话随时可以打电话。
(2) Premier Li said “The government will not hesitate to help you out of poverty.”李总理说:“政府会毫不犹豫地帮你摆脱贫困”。
【归纳拓展】
hesitant adj. 犹豫的;踌躇的;迟疑的 hesitation n. 踌躇,犹豫 hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事 hesitate about/at/in/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
【即时巩固】
(1)Don’t ___________________ that. Do it at once. 对于那件事不要再犹豫,马上去做吧。 (2)In case you need something, please don‘t __________________ me. 如果你需要什么东西,请不要犹豫,尽管对我说。
(3)He __________________ is lost.谚]当断不断,必受其患。 (4)______________________, he jumped into the river to save the drowning child. 他毫不犹豫地跳下河去救溺水的孩子。
考点5.superior adj.优秀的;较高的;上级的 n.上级;长官
superior作为暗含比较级的形容词,意为“较高级的、较好的、较为优秀的”,因此不能在前面再加more。在与另一个事物进行比较时,与之搭配的介词要用to,不能用than。
【例句研读】
(1) ..the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them.……他们大概从来没有高人一等的感觉。 (2) Their performance was inferior to that of other teams.他们的表现,不如其他队。
【归纳拓展】
be superior to sb./sth.在品质、级别、重要性上更好或更高 be inferior to 低于 be senior to 比……年长(资深) be junior to 比……年轻(资浅)
【即时巩固】
(1)Show respect for ________________. 对我们的上级要尊敬。 (2)His knowledge of French literature __________________ mine.他在法国文学方面比我强。
(3)They __________________ number ______ us. 他们在数量上超过我们。
【答案】(1)our superiors (2)is superior to (3)are superior in to
考点6.alternative adj.供选择的;其他的 n.可能的选择;选择对象
【教材原句】Can you think of the alternatives we would use today?你能想到我们今天可供利用的办法吗?
【例句研读】
(1) The material's inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.这种材料的发明者说它有各种各样可能的用途并且总有一天会成为塑料制品的更环保型替代品。 (2) I had no alternative/choice but to report him to the police.除了向警察举报他,我别无选择。
(3) We could walk or alternatively we could go in Ted's car.我们可以走路去,也可以乘特德的车去。
【归纳拓展】
(1)have no alternative/choice but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事
there's no alternative...……别无选择
an alternative to...……的替代品
(2)alternatively adv.可供选择地
【温馨提示】 表示“别无选择,只有……”的表达方式还有:have no choice but to do;can't choose but do;can't (help) but do;can do nothing but do
【即时巩固】
(1)Have you got an _____________ suggestion? 你有没有其他的建议? (2)You ________________________ marrying or remaining a bachelor.你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉,任你选择。
(3)We have ___________________________________.除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地。 (4)There is ______________________________. 除了战斗,没有其他的办法。
【答案】(1)alternative (2)have the alternative of (3)no alternative but to go on(4)no alternative but to fight
考点7.assume vt.假定;设想
【例句研读】
(1) I didn't see your car,so I assumed you'd gone out.
我没有看见你的汽车,所以我以为你出去了。 (2) It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.一般认为,紧张是工作过重所致。
【归纳拓展】
(1)assume sb./sth.to be假定/假设某人/某事为
It is assumed that...……被认为
(2)assumption n.假定;假设
make an assumption认为;假定
on the assumption that假定
(3)assuming/assume that...假设/假定……
【即时巩固】
(1)A lot of people ___________that poverty only exists in the Third World.
许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。
(2)______________it is true,what should we do now?假定那是真的,我们现在该怎么办?
考点8.bear(bore,borne) vt.忍受;忍耐;负担;生育
【例句研读】
(1) You may choose any theme you like. However,you should bear in mind an essential point.你可以选择任何你喜欢的主题。但关键的一条你必须牢记于心。 (2) The patient was afraid she wouldn't be able to bear the pain.病人恐怕不能忍受疼痛。
【归纳拓展】
Bear后可接名词、代词、动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语。
【即时巩固】
I can't bear _______________while he's eating.我无法忍受人们吃饭时吸烟。
【答案】people smoking
重点短语精讲
考点1.call up给……打电话;使……回忆起
【教材原句】When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候,她感到很心烦。
【例句研读】
(1) The trip to Italy might be called off.去意大利的旅程可能要取消。
(2) The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。
【归纳拓展】
call for需要;要求;呼吁;(去)接(某人)
call at (火车等)停靠;拜访某地
call on要求;请求;拜访某人
call off取消
call in召来;来访
call out大声说;召唤某人
【即时巩固】
(1)The trip _____________________________ of my youth. 旅行勾起了我对年轻时代的美好回忆。 (2)He ____________ all the information from the computer.他从计算机中调出了所有的信息。
(3)He ________________ just to tell me that he had bought a new DVD. 他打电话就是为了告诉我他买了一台新的DVD。
【答案】(1)called up happy memories(2)called up (3)called me up
考点2.get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完,通过(考试);完成;用完;使某人理解;度过
【例句研读】
(1)I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying,but at my next free period I had to face him.我感觉有些成就感是因为我设法上完了课而没有哭,但在接下来的空闲中我必须面对他。
(2)We need to get down to some serious talking.我们需要认真谈一谈。
(3)For such a serious mistake he was lucky to get away with a fine.他犯了那么严重的过失,却侥幸只交罚款了事。
【归纳拓展】
get across 被理解;使人了解 get down to 认真地静下心(工作)(to为介词) get on/along 相处 get out of 避免;摆脱 get over 克服 get in 收获 get around/round 到处走动;传播出去 get away/off 逃脱,离开
【即时巩固】
写出下列句子中get through的含义
(1)How did you get through all that money in two days?
(2)I've got through a lot of correspondence today.
(3)It's going to be hard to get through the next couple of days.
(4)I'm afraid your daughter failed to get through her mid-term exams.
考点3.in terms of...就……来说;从……角度
【例句研读】
(1)Did the experiment find any differences in terms of what children learned?就儿童学到什么而言,该实验是否发现了什么不同?
(2)It's hard to come to terms with being unemployed.很难接受失业这个现实。
【归纳拓展】
in terms of=with regard to, according to, in the light of come to terms 和解;妥协;让步 come to terms with 甘心忍受 be on good/bad terms with 与……关系很好(坏) in the long/short term 从长远(眼前)来看
【即时巩固】
(1)It is difficult to express it __________________ science. 要用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。 (2)The figures are expressed __________________ a percentage.那些数字是以百分数表示的。 (3)_________________ money, her loss was small. 从金钱的角度来讲,她的损失是很小的。
【答案】(1)In terms of(2)in terms of(3)In terms of
考点4. show...in带或领某人进来
【教材原句】Show her in,Mrs Pearce.皮尔斯夫人,带她进来。
【例句研读】
(1)We had 200 people show up for our seminar.我们的研讨会来了200人。
(2)When the interview was finished,I was shown out.面试结束后,我被引导着走出来。
【归纳拓展】
show sb. into领着某人进入
show sb. out领某人出去
show sb. around/round领某人参观某地
show off炫耀;展示
show up出现;来到某处
【即时巩固】
(1)The nurse ____________ me ______ the room. 护士把我领进了房间。 (2)I ___________ the foreigners ______ our school. 我领着外国人参观了我们的学校。 (3)Why didn’t you ________________ last night? 昨晚你为什么没到场?
【答案】(1)showed into(2)showed around(3) show up
考点5. look ahead向前看;为将来打算
【教材原句】If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有预见,计划得更好些就好了。
【例句研读】
(1)We should not look down upon/on anyone who hasn't had a college education.
我们不应该看不起没有受过大学教育的人。
(2)I'm really looking forward to our vacation.我热切期待着我们的假期。
【归纳拓展】
look after 照顾,照料 look up 仰视,查阅 look up to sb. 尊敬某人 look down on/upon sb. 轻视;瞧不起 look in 短时间探访 look into sth. 调查 look over 浏览检查,察看 look through 翻阅,查找
【即时巩固】
(1)Just ___________ and you‘ll see a pagoda.只要向前望去,你就可以看到一座宝塔。 (2)We must ____________ before we go further in the matter.在进一步进行这件事之前,我们必须把眼光放远。 (3)We must ___________ before we make a decision. 我们作出决定之前必须想得远一点。
【答案】(1)look ahead (2)look ahead(3)look ahead
考点6. date back to追溯到……
【例句研读】
(1)That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.
那个意思追溯到爱迪生时代。
(2)The custom dates from/dates back to the time when man wore swords.
这项习俗始于人类佩戴刀剑的时代。
【归纳拓展】
(1)date from追溯到;起始于
(2)out of date 过时
in date 未过时的
up to date 时髦的
to date到目前为止;迄今
【即时巩固】
(1)This custom __________________ the 16th century.这风俗起源于16世纪。 (2)This is an old building _________________ the 16th century.这是一栋追溯至16世纪的古老建筑物。
(3)This town __________________ Roman times. 这个城镇可追溯到罗马时代。 (4)The unearthed sword __________________ the Han Dynasty.这把出土的宝剑属于汉代。
经典句型剖析
考点1
祈使句+and/or+陈述句
【教材原句】Follow it up,explore all around it,and before you know it,you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中,你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。
【句法分析】“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,前后为承接关系时用and或then;而前后是相反关系时用or,otherwise或or else,这种句型可以改为if引导的条件状语从句。
【例句研读】
(1) Try some of this juice-perhaps you'll like it.
尝尝这种果汁,也许你会喜欢。
(2) Send an e-mail to your parents,or they will get annoyed.=If you don't send an e-mail to your parents,they will get annoyed.给你的父母发个电子邮件,不然他们会生气的。
【即时巩固】
(1)Study hard,___________ you'll fail in your exams.认真学习,否则你会考试不及格。
(2)It is really very dangerous. ____________,and the baby will fall into the well.真危险。再多迈一步,这个小孩儿就掉进井里了。
【答案】(1)or/otherwise(2)One more step
考点2
What if...?的用法
【教材原句】What if I was?倘若我是的话会怎样?
【句法分析】
“What if...?”常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等,意为“倘使……将会怎样?”“如果……将会怎样?”。后面经常跟一般现在时,有时根据语境也可以跟虚拟语气。
【拓展归纳】
What for?为什么?为了什么目的?
What of it?有什么了不起?
what 's more而且;更为重要的是
So what?那又怎么样?
【例句研读】
(1)What if something goes wrong?要是出了问题将会怎么样?
(2)What if it rains tomorrow?万一明天下雨怎么办?
(3)It sounds like a good offer,but what if it's a trick?那个提议听起来很诱人,但如果是个骗局会怎么样?
【即时巩固】
(1)天然气是一种很有效的燃料,而且还清洁。
Gas is a very efficient fuel. And________,it's clean.
(2)要是我们把沙发挪到那里会怎么样?
________ we moved the sofa over there?
【答案】(1)what's more(2)What if
考点3
be of+形容词+抽象名词
【教材原句】Will that be of any use to you?那对你有用吗?
【句法分析】
“be of+形容词+抽象名词”=“be+副词+与该抽象名词同根的形容词”。
【归纳拓展】
(1)介词of后面接表抽象意义的名词,如value,use,help,importance,significance等,相当于该名词相对应的形容词。该名词前面可以用表程度的词加以修饰,如little,no,great,much,some等。
(2)介词of后面还可接一些表示人或物属性的名词,如size,color,height,length,age,shape,quality等,用来描述人或事物的属性,在句中作表语或后置定语。
【例句研读】
(1)What I said is of great importance.=What I said is very important.我所说的非常重要。
(2)The book is of great use to me=The book is very useful to me.这本书对我很有用。
【即时巩固】
(1)这两个房间大小一样。
The two rooms are the same in size.=The two rooms are__________.
(2)这项诺贝尔奖对中国的文学很重要。
The Nobel Prize is very important to Chinese literature.=The Nobel Prize is ___________to Chinese literature.
(3)他当时告诉我们的事情很重要。
What he told us then was ________________________.
【答案】(1)of the same size(2)of great importance(3)of great importance/very important