重庆合川区2017高考英语阅读理解九月指导题：6（含解析）

　　重庆合川区2017高考英语阅读理解九月指导题（六）及答案

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　My daughter is three-and-a-haft years old, but has been speaking in full sentences since she was 18 months old—children usually start connecting words fluently between the ages of two and three. She now has the language skills of a five-year-old and happily tells long stories, using different tenses.

　　So why is my child so precocious（超常）? Well, I believe her remarkable gift is down to my great friend and language expert, Nicola Lathey. When Minnie was just ten weeks old, Nicola came to meet her. Nicola said to me, “Minnie is very chatty. We’ve just been having a lovely long conversation.” Then she showed me how she was keeping eye contact and waiting for Minnie to make a noise. When Minnie paused, Nicola would utter something about the same length back to her, pause again, look at Minnie and wait for her to respond. She went back and forth in this way for about five minutes. Apparently, this is an early form of conversation.

　　In fact, Nicola told me that Minnie would have been able to start talking with me like this from around four weeks. Not only that, but babies even start learning language in the Womb too. So, we should begin chatting to our baby, while looking into their eyes, as soon as they are born. The earlier we talk to them, the more in tune with our language they’ll be and the quicker they’ll learn it. The sooner you get started, the better.

　　Researchers studied the impact of a child’s early environment（before they are two）on their language, and found that children whose parents talked to them a lot at home went on to achieve higher scores in tests of languages, reading and maths when they entered school. So by giving your child the gift of conversation, you really are giving them the best possible start in life.

　　1. Why does the author mention her daughter Minnie in Para. 1 ?

　　A. To introduce the theme by an example.

　　B. To show a very happy life with a daughter.

　　C. To persuade people to protect children’s gifts.

　　D. To talk about the development of children.

　　2. According to Ms Nicola Lathey, ________.

　　A. any child has their own advantages

　　B. Minnie is lucky to receive training on language skills

　　C. parents should spend more time with their kids

　　D. it’s better to start talking with children at an early age

　　3. Which statement is NOT tree, according to the text?

　　A. Parents can have a big impact on how children learn to talk.

　　B. Giving children the gift of conversation will boost their brainpower for life.

　　C. There’s no need to push children to learn languages when they’re young.

　　D. The better children are talking before two, the better they’ll do when starting school.

　　4. Who would be most interested in the text?

　　A. Parents to be.

　　B. Parents with teenagers.

　　C. Teachers at primary school.

　　D. The young baby-sitters.

　　参考答案1—4、ADCA

　　【上海市徐汇区2017诊断卷】阅读理解

　　Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald’s in April. Within a month doctors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After all, McDonald’s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.

　　Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald’s franchisees(获特许经营联营店者). Mr. Cantalupo was a McDonald’s veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food. He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened(召集) board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promised chief executive’s address, from the firm’s first non-American leader.

　　Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr. Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr. Skinner, an expert on the firm’s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer.

　　Is Mr. Roberts now the new heir apparent? Maybe. McDonald’s has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7. 5% in October on a year earlier.

　　The new team’s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to face political hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is an in-house succession(交替、继承) the best way to tackle it? Mr. Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned succession of a new boss from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, produces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald’s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald’s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.

　　The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is _______. A. the constant change of its share price B. the board’s failure to reach an agreement C. the falling sales D. the physical problems of the chief executives

　　The underlined phrase “heir apparent” (in Paragraph 2) in the article most probably means someone who _______. A. has the same ideas, aims and style with a person B. has the same right to receive the family title C. is appointed as an executive of a company D. is likely to take over a person’s position when that person leaves

　　Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald? A. The change of the chief executive.

　　B. People’s concern about junk food. C. Dirty restaurant.

　　D. Indifferent service.

　　In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_______. A. has had to made rather hasty decisions

　　B. prefers to appoint a new boss from within C. acts in a quick and unreasonable way

　　D. surprises all the people with its decisions

　　【参考答案】70-73 DDAB

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Pretending to be happy can actually make you more miserable—especially if you’re a woman, according to a new study. Researchers found that walking around with a forced smile and faking(假装的)happiness simply led to people feeling gloomier. So, putting a brave face on your woes could actually be counterproductive.

　　The research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy. Psychologist, Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when workers were dealing with clients could backfire (产生事的愿违的不良后果). He said:“Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion, and that’s bad for the organization.”

　　Dr. Scott said the research showed customer service workers who揻aked smiles攖hroughout a day worsened their moods and then withdrew from work, so their productivity dropped. He added d:揃osses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but thate’s not necessarily the case.擠r. Scott, assistant professor of management at Michigan State University, analyzed a group of bus drivers tduring a two –week period.

　　The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional displays over a period of time and compare the different effects that they have on men and women. His team examined the effects of?surface acting敆or fake smiling梒ompared to what was termed揹eep acting? or cultivating positive emotions by recalling pleasant memories.

　　Dr. Scott said: 揥omen were harmed more by憇urface acting? meaning their moods worsened even more than men and they withdre (产生事的愿w more from work. However , they were helped more by慸eep acting?which meant their moods improved more.?Dr. Scott suggested women tended to suffer more when pretending to be happy because they were expected to be more emotionally expressive than men. The生事的refore, faking a smile while they are feeling down is more likely to go against their normal behavior and cause more harmful feelings.

　　Although,揹eep acting攕eemed to improve moods in the short term, Dr. Scott said it was not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy.

　　He said:揧ouid:’re trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself any more?61. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?

　　A. Forcing one to smile could make one feel better

　　B. Wearing a fake smile could w的orsen one’s mood

　　C. Always smiling could improve one’s performance

　　D. Wearing a fake smile could help one free from sadness

　　62. The finding of the research might serve as a warning to

　　.

　　A. men

　　B. employees

　　C. customers

　　D. bosses

　　63. According to Dr. Brent Scott,

　　.

　　A. most bus drivers have to wear揻ake smiles?

　　B. 揻ake smiles攚orkers work better than usual

　　C. 揻ake smiles攎ight lead to lower productivity

　　D. bosses know the negative effect of forced smiles

　　64. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that

　　.

　　A. pleasa. mostnt memories are associated with positive feelings

　　B. men suffer more from fake smiling, compared to women

　　C. women should smile a lot when faced with new challenges

　　D. few employers know how to increase the productivity of their staff

　　65.揇eep act ing攊s helpful to women in that

　　.

　　A. they forget teheir trouble

　　B. they will behave normally

　　C. they become more talkative

　　D. their moods are getting better

　　【参考答案】61-65 BDCAD

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a splendid, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.

　　Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more lasting emotion.

　　Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.

　　I have often though that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells?happiness”.But in memoir（回忆录）after memoir, they reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism ,drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.

　　Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage, if he’s honest, and he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.

　　Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out whenever they want and sleep as late as they can. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.

　　Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating（解放性的）realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

　　66. We can learn from the passage that

　　.

　　A. fun creates long-lasting satisfaction

　　B. fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness

　　C. happiness is lasting whereas fun is short-lived

　　D. fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness

　　67. To the author, the role Hollywood stars play is to

　　.

　　A. write memoir after memoir about their happiness

　　B. tell the public that happiness has nothing to do with fun

　　C. teach people how to enjoy their lives

　　D. bring happiness to the public instead of going to parties

　　68. In the author’s opinion, marriage

　　.

　　A. affords greater fun

　　B. leads to raising children

　　C. indicates duty and devotion

　　D. usually ends up in pain

　　69.Which of the following is the best example of損ainful happiness?

　　A. Winning lottery by accidenent

　　B. A bachelor resisting marriage

　　C. Raising children

　　D. Buying some fancy clothes

　　70. If one gets the true sense of happiness, he will.

　　A. stop playing games and joking with others

　　B. keep himself with his family

　　C. give a free hand to money

　　D. use his time to increase happiness

　　【上海市闵行区2017质量调研考试】阅读理解B

　　Directions:

　　Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

　　Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline-powered cousins.

　　People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions (零排放的) vehicles,” but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators (发电机). Generators are fueled by something — usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.

　　In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It’s just that the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean. It is not. It’s as if the California Greens (加州绿党) are covering their eyes — “If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat — at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.

　　A gallon of gas may power your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far — so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes, or geothermal, or hydro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources.

　　In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it’s a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.

　　70.

　　Which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in paragraph 2?

　　A. Be familiar with.

　　B. Be curious about.

　　C. Show their interest in.

　　D. Fail to understand.

　　71.

　　What can we learn about the California Green from the idea “If I can’t see it, it’s not happening”?

　　A. They do not know those clean cars are likely coal-burning cars.

　　B. They do believe the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean.

　　C. They tend to hold that electricity is a nice part of energy.

　　D. They tend to maintain that gasoline is a good way to run a vehicle.

　　72.

　　According to the passage, compared with cars using gas, electric cars are more _______.

　　A. environmentally-friendly

　　B. expensive

　　C. harmful

　　D. efficient

　　73.

　　We can get the conclusion from the passage that _______.

　　A. being green is good and should be encouraged in communication

　　B. electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something

　　C. zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment

　　D. electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins

　　【参考答案】69—73DBCB