重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（111）（附解析）
阅读理解—词义猜测题、观点态度题。
(2015年山西太原五中三模)
Both of Jessica's parents were lawyers and expected her to follow suit. So she went to law school, got a job at a great firm in Washington, DC, and worked as a lawyer for a decade. But her heart was never in it. “I had a big salary but no personal satisfaction,” she says.
Jessica found pleasure in the same thing that had brought her joy since joining the church choir at the age of 12. “Singing always felt like communicating something real at a spiritual and emotional level,” says Jessica. Yet she never considered it a career option.” That seemed like something people did in fairy tales, and I would never let my parents down.” She says.
It was her mom's diagnosis of brain cancer in 2009 that made Jessica realize she had to write her own happy-ever-after.” Work was busy and my mother was ailing. So I was flying back and forth from Washington, DC to Houston to see her,” Jessica says. “I finally said, “ enough!” and quit.” While caring for her mom, Jessica made a plan. She would spend her savings and study music for a year, and then open a part-time law practice so she could pursue her passion. Before her mother passed away two years later, she encouraged Jessica to follow her dream. Her song Live This Life was inspired by her mom, and her dad came to watch her perform at clubs.
In 2017, Jessica moved to Nashville to try singing and songwriting. A decade of presenting cases in court gave her the confidence to sing for a crowd. “At 20, I would have been too shy to perform,” says Jessica.
“Doing music is so free.” Jessica says. “There's no pressure to be a star. Success, to me, isn't
a dollar amount or a record deal; it's doing what I love.”
Which of the following is TRUE?
Jessica didn't really like working as a lawyer.
Jessica didn't know what she truly loved for ten years.
Jessica wasn't satisfied with the pay she got as a lawyer
Jessica was grateful for her parents' arrangement for her
What does the underlined word “ailing” in Paragraph 3 mean?
Sick
B, Crazy.
C. Worried
D. unhappy
What was Jessica's mother's attitude toward her singing?
A, Unknown
B. Doubtful
C. Supportive
D. Negative
By telling Jessica's story, the writer most probably wants to
.
Encourage us to pursue our dreams
Show that singing can be a practical career
Tell us the importance of choosing a right job
Show that family members' support is important
语篇解读
本文讲述的是Jessice顺从父母的意愿选择当了一名律师，虽然薪水很高但并没有得到满足感，加入唱诗班后她发现了自己兴趣所在，另外妈妈得了癌症后也鼓励她追求自己的梦想。
A 细节理解题。根据第一段“I had a big salary but no personal satisfaction, She says.可知，虽然薪水很高但没有个人满足感，故选A项。
A 词义猜测题。根据第三段It was her mom's diagnosis of brain cancer in 2009 that made Jessica realize she had to write her own happy-ever-after.可知，妈妈被诊断出脑癌，故选A 项。
C 细节理解题。根据第三段Before her mother passed away two years later, she encouraged Jessica to follow her dream. 可知，在妈妈去世前两年里，她鼓励女儿去实现她的梦想，故她的态度是支持的。
A 目的意图题。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们要大胆追求自己的梦想。
阅读理解, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare’s time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.
In fact, it is impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an enough working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to explain and still more difficult to judge what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.
The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present－day importance as a world language. Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West.
1. What would be the best title for this passage?
A. The Difficulties of Learning English
B．International Communications
C．The Standard Varieties of English
D．English as a World Language
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English.
B．There are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world.
C．It is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English.
D．People learn English for a variety of reasons.
3. According to the passage, what is the main reason for the widespread use of English?
A．It was popular during Shakespeare’s time.
B．It is used in former British colonies.
C．It serves the needs of its native speakers.
D．It is a world language that is used for international communication.
4. What forms an adequate working knowledge of English?
A．The ability to read a newspaper.
B．It is difficult to judge because it differs for each situation.
C．Being a multilingual.
D．Being a native speaker.
本文介绍了英语的发展变化情况，说明了英语最后成为世界语言的原因及英语在当代社会中的重要性。
1. 解析：选D。主旨大意题。全文讲述的是英语在全世界的广泛应用。第三段第一句又特别提出英语作为一种世界语言的原因，故选D项。A项文中并未涉及；B项和C项只是文中细节，不能概括全文。
2. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据文章第一段中第二句及第二段的第一句的描述可推知B、C两项正确，A项错误。由第二、三段可知D项正确。
3. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的描述，英语广泛应用于气象和机场的交流，国际会议和信息传播等，可推知此题的答案为D。
4. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，环境不同，所要求的英语水平等级也有所不同，因此很难判断一个人的英语程度。故此题答案为B。
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。The best antistress(抗紧张) medicine we have may be right under your nose! Think you know how to do it? Try this simple test: sit or stand wherever you are and take a deep breath，then let it out.What expanded more as you breathed in，your chest or your abdomen(腹部)? If the answer is your chest，you're like most people and you're doing it wrong.Take another deep breath and keep reading.
The technique is so powerful that physician James Gordon，director of the Centre for Mind－Body Medicine in Washington，teaches it to nearly every patient he sees.
“Slow，deep breathing is probably the only best antistress medicine we have，” says Gordon，“When you bring air down into the lower part of the lungs，where oxygen exchange is most efficient，everything changes.Heart rate slows，blood pressure decrease，muscles relax，anxiety ceases and the mind calms.”
Obviously，everyone alive knows how to breathe.But Gordon and other experts in the field of mindbody medicine say that few people in industrialized societies know how to breathe correctly.They are taught to suck in their guts(内脏) and puff out(鼓起) their chests.At the same time，they are attacked with constant stress，which causes heart rate to increase.As a result，they become shallow “chest breathers”，using primarily the middle and upper parts of the lungs.Few people—other than musicians，singers and some athletes are even aware that the abdomen should expand when they breathe in.
“Watch a baby breathe，” says Gordon，“and you'll see the abdomen go up and down，deep and slow.” With age，most people change from this healthy abdominal breathing into shallow chest breathing.
At Duke University Medical Centre，Dr.Jon Seskevich has taught abdominal breathing to most of the 18，000 patients he's worked with since 1990.
One of his most dramatic cases involved a lung－cancer patient.“I walked into the room to find this large man actually fighting for breath，” Seskevich recalls.“I had him sit back in his chair and place his feet on the ground.I then asked if it was OK if I touched his abdomen.He nodded，so I put my hand on and told him to breathe softly into my hand，to let his abdomen rise into my hand.”
After about six minutes of this，he was breathing comfortably.“All day，people were telling him to relax，” says Seskevich，“and it seemed to make his struggle worse.I just told him to breathe into his abdomen.We didn't cure his cancer，but we may have saved him a trip to the intensive－care unit.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。正确的呼吸方式有助于减轻我们的压力，而抗紧张最好的药就是慢慢地深呼吸，但是很少有人知道如何正确呼吸及正确呼吸的重要性。
．According to the Centre for Mind－Body Medicine in Washington，the best medicine for antistress is ________．
A．shallow chestbreathing
B．operation treatment
C．slow，deep breathing
D．enough physical exercise
答案 C
．What do you know about most people's breath in industrialized societies?
A．They breathe with the middle and upper parts of the lungs.
B．They become deep breathers，using the lower parts of the lungs.
C．They expand their abdomens when they breathe in.
D．They have their abdomens go up and down while breathing.
答案 A
．Which of the following people tend to know the right way to breathe according to the passage?
A．Government officials.
B．Doctors and patients.
C．Some sportsmen.
D．University professors.
答案 C
．The example stated in the last two paragraphs show that the lungcancer patient ________ without Dr.Seskevich's advice on how to breathe.
A．might have died already
B．couldn't have been cured of his illness
C．would have stopped breathing
D．would have been sent to the intensive－care unit
答案 D
5．Which of the following do you think is NOT TRUE after you have read the passage?
A．Most people give up abdominal breathing when growing up.
B．A baby takes his or her breath in a natural and abdominal breathing way.
C．Healthy people are more aware of the importance of correct breathing than those in poor health.
D．Shallow “chest breathers” may be attacked with constant stress，which causes heart rate to increase.
答案 C
6．What does the writer mainly tell us in this passage?
A．The secret for our long life is to take more deep breath every day.
B．Correct ways of breathing may help to reduce our stress.
C．There are two breathing ways—chest breathing and abdominal breathing.
D．It's useful to bring air down into the lower part of our body whenever we feel nervous.
答案 B
(2017·绍兴统考)When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science.
Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA material—some of it unearthed by miners in Alaska—to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10, 000 to 15, 000 years ago. Wayne suggests that man’s best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge, ”said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and they’re useful to eat. ”
Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication(驯化)of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North America’s domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendants(后代)of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48.
Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层)until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. “The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of pure native American dogs, ”Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendants of wolves from North America.
Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本)from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge.
Leonard and Wayne’s study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep, ”Wayne said. “They didn’t feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource. ”
【文章大意】本文是科普性文章。说明了在几千年前狗陪同人们一起跨过白令大陆桥进入北美大陆, 并且在此繁殖起来。而通过检测发掘出的狗骨头的DNA也证实了这一点。
1. The underlined word“remains”is closest in meaning to“ ”.
A. leftover food B. animal waste
C. dead bodies
D. living environment
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句话“Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost”说明是在永冻层发现的狗的骨头, 所以remains应该是尸体。故C正确。
. According to the study described in Paragraph 4, we can learn that .
A. ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 A. D.
B. the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogs
C. the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolves
D. the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. . . ”可判断出被研究的骨头不是欧洲人带到北美的狗的骨头。所以D正确。
. What can we know from the passage?
A. Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs.
B. Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in the 1920s.
C. Latin America’s dogs are different from North America’s in genes.
D. Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段“When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science. ”可知D正确。
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The origin of the North American dogs.
B. The DNA study of ancient dogs in America.
C. The reasons why early people entered America.
D. The difference between Asian and American dogs.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。文章第一段提到狗和人们一同跨过the Bering Land Bridge, 第二、三、四、五段研究狗的DNA“to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia”, “Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication of wolves thousands of years ago”, 所以文章中心是谈论北美的狗的起源。