第一部分 选修 8 Unit 1
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2016山东潍坊高三一模，D)
You are a new manager at the American branch of your German firm in Chicago.With a few minutes to spare between meetings，you go to get a quick cup of coffee.
“Hey, David, how are you？”one of the senior partners at the firm asks you.
“Good，thank you，Dr.Greer，”you reply.You've really been wanting to make a connection with the senior leadership at the firm，and this seems like a great opportunity.But as you start to think of something to say，your American colleague breaks in to steal your spotlight.
“So, Arnold，”your colleague says to your boss，in such a casual manner that it makes your German soul cringe(畏缩)，“So what's your Super bowl prediction? I mean，you're a Niners fan, right？”
The conversation moves on，and you walk silently back to your desk with your coffee.You know how important small talk is in the U．S.，and you feel jealous of people who're your colleague who can do it well.
There's nothing small about the role that small talk plays in American professional culture.People from other countries are often surprised at how important small talk is in the U．S.and how naturally and comfortably people seem to do it—with peers，men，women，and even with superiors.You can be the most technically skilled worker in the world，but your ability to progress in your job in the United States is highly dependent on your ability to build and maintain positive relationships with people at work.And guess what skill is critical for building and maintaining these relationships? Small talk.
What can you do if you are from another culture and want to learn to use small talk in the U．S.to build relationships and establish trust? Work hard to hone(磨炼)your own version of Americanstyle small talk.Watch how others do it.You don't have to mimic what they do；in fact，that would likely backfire because people would see you as inauthentic.But if you can develop your own personal version，that can go a long way toward making you feel comfortable and competence.
()1.The author introduces the topic of the passage by________.
A．raising an interesting question
B．describing an interesting scene
C．making comparisons
D．telling a small jokes
()2.What do we know about German people?
A．They usually make small talk in work breaks.
B．They hate making small talk.
C．They don't make so much small talk.
D．They are good at making small talk too.
()3.What makes people from other countries surprised in American professional culture?
A．American workers' ability to make progress.
B．American workers' attitude towards superiors.
C．The special meaning of small talk.
D．The role small talk plays in work settings.
()4.What does“backfire”underlined in the last paragraph mean?
A．Be difficult.
B．Be helpful.
C．Have a good result.
D．Have the opposite effect.
【主旨大意】本篇为说明文。题材为人际交往。文章以作者假设的一个场景开始，逐步展示闲聊在美国社会中在维持人际关系方面的作用，并教给外来文化背景的读者如何学会闲聊进而融入美国社会。
1．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据开头几段，作者假设你置身于一个场景，所以，选B。
2．【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据“Your colleague says to your boss，in such a casual manner that it makes your German soul cringe.”得知，你的同事用一种很随意的方式和老板谈话，使得你的德国精神退缩了。可以看出，严谨的德国人不习惯这种方式。
3．【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“People from other countries … with superiors.”可知，外来文化背景的人，看到美国人在闲聊中能和其他人甚至是上司都能自然地交流，他们都很惊讶。
4．【答案】D
【解析】猜测词义题。根据最后一段，“你不必刻意模仿别人，因为如果他们感觉你不真实的话，(模仿)就会起反作用”。
B
(2016湖南师大附中高三上学期第三次月考，C)
The United States does not require business to pay workers who are sick or caring for a new baby.President Obama and some other U．S.lawmakers want to change timeoff policies.Supporters say paid leave is the right thing to do.Opponents say it will kill economic growth.
In 2017, the United Nations reported that Papua New Guinea(巴布亚新几内亚) and the U．S.are the only two out of 185 countries in the world that do not offer workers paid time off to care for newborns.However, several state governments and some private businesses in the U．S.have provided the benefits for their workers.
Not every American agrees that requiring businesses to pay workers for leave is a good idea.
Tricia Baldwin is a business woman.She is secretary and treasurer for her family's company.Her company employs 400 workers.She says giving all of them paid leave would ruin her company.Instead, Reliable Contracting gives paid leave to employees who have stayed with the company for at least five years.She says paid leave is simply another government order that adds more costs to doing business.
President Obama supports paid leave for workers.Recently, he proposed a measure called the Healthy Family Act.It would allow workers to earn up to seven paid days of sick leave a year to care for themselves or family members.
Mr.Obama also wants Congress to approve a measure giving all workers six weeks of paid leave to have and care for a new baby.
U．S.lawmakers who support the proposed measure say paid leave is good for the families and for businesses.Representative Don Beyer says paid leave is an encouragement to parents to return to the job.Mr.Beyer says training a new employee can cost a company a year's worth of income.But U．S.lawmakers who oppose the bill say they do not want to restrict businesses by requiring them to provide paid leave.They are offering a different measure.The Working Families Flexibility Act would allow employees to work extra hours and earn either time off or more pay.
()5.If a woman in the U．S. left to care for her newborn baby, she ________.
A．wouldn't get extra time off
B．would get lower pay
C．would pay for her leave or she will be fired
D．wouldn't get paid leave
()6.Tricia Baldwin opposes paid leave because it will ________.
A．kill the national economic growth
B．not be enough to relieve the workers' burden
C．add more costs to doing business
D．ruin companies rules
()7.What is the best title for the passage?
A．How to reform the Rules of Paid Leave in the U．S.?
B．Will the U．S. Pay Workers for Family Leave?
C．Is it Good for the U．S. to Pay Workers for Family Leave?
D．Why Doesn't the U．S. Pay Workers for Family Leave?
【主旨大意】本文为议论文，题材为资讯报道类。 美国不要求企业对休病假或产假的工人付以薪水。而美国总统奥巴马支持带薪休假并且敦促议会赞成给所有工人六周的带薪假期去生养小孩，另一部分美国立法者持有异议，所以新的“工作家庭的弹性法案”或许能够解决这一矛盾。
5．【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“The United States does not require business to pay workers who are sick or caring for a new baby”得知，美国并不要求企业给病假或者产假的员工支付薪酬。
6．【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“She says paid leave is simply another government order that adds more costs to doing business”可以得知企业认为带薪休假会让企业增加更多开支，所以答案为C。
7．【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。通篇可以看出本文讨论的是美国将否让员工由于自己的个人或者家庭原因得到带薪休假的可能，所以选项B符合题意。
Ⅱ.七选五阅读
I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier(收银台)in her general store.__1__ I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you”．
At first I was paid in candy.__2__ I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 am.to 7 pm.My father helped me set up a bank account.__3__
By the time I was 12, my grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics(化妆品)．I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye.Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear？” I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup(化妆)ideas.__4__
The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn't need to be a rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener.__5__ Except they are no longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.
A．Later I received 50 cents an hour.
B．Before long, she let me sit there by myself.
C．I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics.
D．Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.
E．My grandma's trust taught me how to handle responsibility.
F．Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.
G．Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.
1．【答案】B
【解析】根据上文“I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier in her general store.”可推知，作者的祖母先让作者跟着她学，然后让作者独立工作。
2．【答案】A
【解析】前面有“At first”，和本项中的“Later”前后呼应。
3．【答案】G
【解析】根据前一句的“My father helped me set up a bank account.”可确定答案。
4．【答案】C
【解析】根据前一句作者对顾客的问题很感兴趣，并且能够将顾客的需求融入到化妆理念中去，可知作者肯定是最后成功地卖了化妆品。
5．【答案】D
【解析】上文提到“a valuable lesson，”这里承接上文。
Ⅲ.书面表达
(2016山东山师大附中高三上学期二模)
假如你非常喜欢中央电视台的“动物世界(Animal World)”这个节目，请根据以下内容提示，以“My Favourite TV Program”为题，给CCTV－9英语频道的编辑写一篇英语短文。
喜欢这一节目的理由：1.喜欢小动物；2.节目生动有趣；3.增长了不少知识。
注意：①词数100左右；②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；③开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
My Favourite TV Program
“Animal World”is a popular TV program by CCTV.It is also my favorite program.
________________________________________________________________________
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【答案】
One possible version：
My Favourite TV Program
“Animal World” is a popular TV program by CCTV.It is also my favourite program.
I like it because I really like small animals.Also, the host has the ability to make the program lively and interesting.Finally, from the program I have learned a lot about how animals live, which I didn't know before.
By watching the program, I have begun to understand the relationship between people, animals and nature.I have also realized how important it is to protect the environment and nature.
I know that animals are a part of nature.They can't be separated from human beings.If we want to live well, we must keep the balance of nature.We should let everyone understand that we must take care of our planet and stop destroying it.