【悟一悟➡参透误区】 in possession of 的主语是人, in the possession of的主语为物。 2. think back to 回想 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①That poem makes me _____ _____ __ my childhood.
那首诗使我回想起我的童年。 ②I _______ _____ __ the moment when the stranger had
come into the room.
我回想起陌生人闯进屋子的那一刻。 think back to thought back to 【记一记➡构建知识】 think about
考虑 think back 回想, 回忆 think of想起, 记得, 认为 think over 仔细考虑一下(指想过了, 再想) 3. in addition除……以外(还), 此外 in addition to除……以外, 除……之外(还)(to为介词) 【填一填➡激活思维】 ① (2017·山东高考) __ ________, I will take a short trip to
Beijing to take a summer course in the New Oriental School.
另外, 我要短途旅行去北京新东方学校参加一个暑期课程。 ②__ ________ __ giving a general introduction to computers,
the course also provides practical experience.
这门课程除了大致介绍电脑知识外, 还提供实际操作(的机会)。 In addition In addition to 【记一记➡构建知识】 当主语后跟由in addition to引出的介词短语时, 谓语动词仍与其前的主语保持一致。有类似用法的还有with, together with, along with, as well as等。 *The bat together with the balls was stolen.
球拍和球都被偷走了。 4. draw someone’s attention to吸引某人的注意力到……,
使(某人)察觉到 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①His song ______ ____ ________.
他的歌吸引了我们的注意力。 ②The chairman clapped to _____ ____ ________ __ his speech.
主席拍手以引起我们对他的演讲的注意。 draws our attention draw our attention to 【记一记➡构建知识】 bring sth. to one’s attention 使某人注意某事 call one’s attention to sth. 提醒某人注意某物 draw/catch/attract one’s attention
引起某人的注意 fix one’s attention on sth. 集中注意力于某事物 pay attention to
注意 *Pay no attention to what Bill said — he’s a complete liar!
比尔说的话别当真, 他是个十足的骗子!
*Please bring it to my attention next time it happens.
下次如果(再)发生的话, 请提醒我注意。 5. (1)Arrived here to find everything was in chaos.
来到这儿, 发现一切都乱糟糟的。 (2)Instead of sand blowing everywhere, there is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
这里到处是泥和水, 而不是沙子吹得满天飞, 结果使得从一个地方到另一个地方旅游就很难了。 【填一填➡激活思维】仿写句子。 ①She hurried to the stadium, _______________________ ____________.
她匆匆赶到体育馆, 结果发现票已经卖完了。 ②She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground,
___________________.
她非常生气, 把玩具扔在地上, 把它摔成了碎片。 only to find the tickets had been sold out breaking it into pieces 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)句中to find. . . 为不定式短语作结果状语。动词不定式作结果状语表示意想不到的结果, 前面常有only。 (2)句中making it difficult to travel from place to place是现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语表示“自然而然、必然的结果”, 前面经常出现逗号。 【辨一辨➡明晰异同】 worth- while 作表语或定语; 常用very修饰; It’s worthwhile doing/to do sth. worth 只作表语; 常用well表示“非常”, 而一般不用very; be worth +n. /pron. /v. -ing(动名词的主动形式表被动意义) worthy 作表语或定语; 常用very修饰; be worthy of +n. / being done; be worthy to be done 5. alternative adj. 可供替代的; 两者择一的, (两者中)非此即彼的 n. 可供选择的事物; 取舍, 抉择 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①Is there ___ __________ __ surgery ___ this complaint?
除了手术外, 这种疾病还有其他治疗方法吗?
②I’m afraid I _____ ___ __________ ___ __ report you to
the police.
恐怕除了向警方告发你以外, 我是别无选择了。 an alternative to for have no alternative but to 【记一记➡构建知识】 an alternative for sb. 给某人的选择 an alternative to
……的替换物 have little/no alternative but to do
除做……外几乎/完全没有其他选择 6. means
n. [C]手段, 方法
[pl. ]财富; 钱财 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①All possible means _____ _____ _____.
=Every means ___ _____ _____.
一切办法都试过了。 ②He lacks ___ ______ to support a large family.
他无钱养活一个大家庭。 have been tried has been tried the means 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)a means of (doing) sth.
(做)某事的方法 means of production/transport/communication 生产工具/运输工具/通信手段 (2)by means of 用, 依靠; 通过 by all means无论如何; 千方百计地; 当然可以(口语) by no means绝对不; 无论如何都不(用于句首, 句子要倒装) *“Shall I ask him to come in? ” “By all means. ” “我请他进来好吗? ”“当然可以。” *By no means is this the first time you have been late.
这绝对不是你第一次迟到了。 【拓展延伸】 (1)means是单复数同形(永远有词尾-s)的单词, 若用其作主语, 其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。 (2)有时用作主语其单复数意思不明, 则谓语可用单数也可用复数。 7. remind vt. 提醒; 使想起 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①The film _________ ____ __ what he had seen in China.
这部影片使他回想起他在中国所看到的一切。 ②Be sure to _______ ___ __ _____ back early.
一定要提醒她早点回来。 ③I must _______ ____ ____ time is money.
我必须提醒他时间就是金钱。 reminded him of remind her to come remind him that 【记一记➡构建知识】 remind sb. of/about sth.
提醒某人某事; 使某人想起某事 remind sb. to do sth.
提醒某人做某事 remind (sb. ) that/how/what 从句提醒(某人)…… 【拓展延伸】 与remind用法相类似的短语还有:
rob sb. of sth.
抢劫某人某物 warn sb. of sth.
警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人某事 suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事 convince sb. of sth.
使某人确信某事 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 cure sb. of sth. 治疗某人的疾病 【核心短语】 8. refer to 谈及, 提到; 与……相关, 涉及; 查阅, 参考 【填一填➡激活思维】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 ①He never referred to his sisters in his letters. (
) ②When I said some people were stupid I wasn’t referring to
you. (
) ③If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may
refer to the dictionary. (
) ④These regulations refer to every foreigner. (
) ⑤He referred to us for information. (
) 谈到, 提到 指的是 查阅, 参考 适用于 向……询问或打听…… 【悟一悟➡参透误区】 (1)look up表示“参考, 查阅”时, 其宾语多为word, information等。 (2)refer to的宾语多为book, dictionary, sb. 等。 例如: He referred to the dictionary in order to look up the new word. 为了查这个生词的意思, 他查阅了词典。 9. break down 出故障; 抛锚; 垮掉; 拆分 【填一填➡激活思维】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 ①Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.
(
) ②John broke down the washing machine into pieces. (
) ③To our great surprise, his health has broken down
completely. (
) ④She broke down when she heard the news, but she quickly
recovered. (
) ⑤The peace talks between the two countries broke down.
(
) 抛锚 拆分 衰弱下来, 身体垮掉 痛哭 失败 【记一记➡构建知识】 break away from 从……脱离, 断绝关系 break in 破门而入 break into 闯入, 潜入, 破门而入 break out
爆发 【猜一猜➡熟词生义】写出黑体部分的含义。 The police tried to break down the prisoners’ opposition.
(
) 制服, 镇压 10. make a difference有作用(关系、影响) 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①(2017·安徽高考)I hope my behavior will _____ __ _________.
我希望我的行为会有作用。 ②The law will _____ ___ _________ __ my business.
这个法案对我的生意不会有什么影响。 make a difference make no difference to 【记一记➡构建知识】 make no/little/much difference to 对……没有/几乎没有/有很大影响 make a difference between区别对待 be of little/no/much difference (某物)几乎没有/没有/有很大作用 tell the difference between A and B 区分A和B *Make a difference between these sounds.
把这些音区别开来。 *He cannot tell the difference between the two.
他找不出两者之间的差异。 【经典句式】 11. My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary, and as I said before, I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people.
我在联合国的工作不是拿薪水而是自愿的, 正如我前面所说的, 我访问一些国家, 联合国在这些国家内有着帮助人们的计划。 【填一填➡激活思维】仿写句子。 ①___________, “No pains, no gains”.
我们都知道: 不劳无获。 ②_______________, great changes have taken place in China.
正如我们有目共睹的, 中国发生了巨大变化。 As we know As we all can see 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)as可作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句, 代表整个主句的内容, 所引导的定语从句可放在主句后, 主句前或主句中间。 (2)as引导的定语从句主要起连接上下文的作用, 表达说话者的观点、看法, 并指出主句内容的根据或出处, 翻译成“正如, 正像”。 (3)as常用于一些固定结构中, 如as we know/as is known to all (众所周知), as we all can see (正如我们大家都能看到的那样), as has been said before/above (正如前文所述), as might be expected (正如预料的那样), as is often the case (情况常常是这样)等, 一般不能用which代替as。 *He shouts when he gets angry, as is often the case.
他生气时就大叫, 这是常有的情形。 *As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.
正如所预料的那样, 对这个问题的回应是五花八门。 【悟一悟➡参透误区】 which也可以引导非限制性定语从句, 代表整个主句的内容, 但which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后, 且从句在意义上相当于一个并列句, 可以用and this代替, 翻译成“这一点, 这件事”。 *He sold his bike, which surprised me.
(=He sold his bike, and this surprised me. ) 他把自行车卖了, 这使我很惊讶。 【拓展延伸】as引导限制性定语从句的常用结构 as作关系代词既可指人也可指物, 引导限制性定语从句, 常用于下列结构中: such. . . as. . . ; so. . . as. . . ; the same. . . as. . . ; as. . . as. . . 。例如:
*I never heard such stories as he tells.
我从未听过他讲的这类故事。 *The place doesn’t look the same as it was before liberation.
这个地方看上去和解放前大不一样了。 *Have you bought the same book as I referred to yesterday?
你有没有买我昨天提到的那本书啊?
*You can take as many books as you need.
你需要多少书就拿多少。 12. If only I were a Goodwill Ambassador!
要是我是一个亲善大使多好啊!
【填一填➡激活思维】仿写句子。 ①_________________________ 要是我能再看到他多好啊!
②_____________________ 要是我知道他的名字就好了!
③________________________________ 要是我们采纳了你的意见就好了!
If only I could see him again! If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! 【记一记➡构建知识】 if only意为“若是……那该多好啊; 真希望……”。 (1)表示目前较难实现的愿望时用if only sb. + did/ were. . . 。 (2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时用if only sb. +had done sth. 。 【辨一辨➡明晰异同】
*Only if you work hard can you succeed.
只有努力工作, 你才能获得成功。 if only “但愿……, 要是……就好了”, 通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望, 常用虚拟语气 only if “只有……(才); 只有在……的时候; 唯一的条件是……”; only if本身不是一个固定词组, only是副词, 用来修饰整个if从句; 若用于句首, 后接从句, 主句要部分倒装 【要点拾遗】 1. possession n. [U]拥有, 具有, 占有, 持有
[pl. ]个人财产, 私人物品 【填一填➡激活思维】 他拥有一栋大房子。(一句多译) ①He is __ _________ __ a large house.
②A large house is __ ___ _________ __ him.
③He ___ _________ __ a large house.
in possession of in the possession of has possession of 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)sb. be in possession of sth. /sth. be in sb. ’s possession 某人拥有某物 sth. be in the possession of sb. 某物为某人所拥有 come into possession 得到, 落入 have/get possession of
占有, 拥有 take possession of 占领, 夺取 (2)possess v. 拥有 be possessed of
拥有, 占有 *(2017·重庆高考) On the day Joe graduated, he presented the teacher with his most precious possession.
乔毕业的那天, 他把他最宝贵的东西送给了老师。 *Different workers possess different skills.
不同的工人拥有不同的技能。 *She is possessed of health and wealth.
她拥有健康和财富。 Unit 4 Helping people around the world 【话题词汇】 1. responsibilityn. 责任 2. traditionn. 传统 3. quality
n. 品质 4. difficulty
n. 困难 5. offer v. 提供 6. grateful adj. 感激的 7. meaningful
adj. 有意义的 8. immediately
adv. 立刻, 马上 9. be supposed to
理应, 应当 10. give sb. a hand 帮助某人 11. be kind to
友好对待 12. depend on依靠, 依赖 13. in one’s view
在某人看来 14. care for 关心 15. in trouble
处于困境中 【经典语篇】 (2017·陕西高考)假定你是李华, 请根据写作要点用英语写一篇周记, 记述你周末帮助家人做家务的一次经历。 写作要点: 1. 做家务的理由;
2. 做家务的过程;
3. 你的感受。 [事情起因] I am an 18-year-old middle school student. I have been busy with my study and seldom help my parents with the housework. ① Feeling quite sorry for that, I begin to think about what to do to help.
[事情经过] Last Sunday, when my parents went out shopping, I suddenly got an idea: why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning? ② Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place. Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture. After that, I swept and mopped the floors.
[个人感受] At this very moment, my parents came back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining. My mother gave me a hug and I could see satisfaction in her eyes. Tired as I was, I never felt so happy.
【厚积薄发】 Ⅰ. 完成句子 (1)当我们看到有人处于困境中时, 我们理应伸出援助之手。 When we see someone _________, we __________________ ______________.
(2)我们都有关心下一代的责任。 We all _____________________________the next generation.
in trouble are supposed to give him/her a hand have the responsibility to care for Ⅱ. 句型转换 (1)把句①改为原因状语从句。 _____________________________, I begin to think about what to do to help.
(2)把句②中的过去分词改为定语从句作定语。 Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things
_________________in the rooms and put them in place.
Because I feel quite sorry for that that were scattered Ⅰ. 单词➡分类记忆 【核心单词】不可不记 1. _______ (adj. )
令人敬重的; 值得的, 相称的; 有价值的 2. _______ (vt. )
购得; 获得, 得到 3. _______ (vi. & vt. )
扩展, 发展(业务); 扩大, 增强 4. __________ (adj. ) 重要的; 令人愉快的; 值得花时间 (或花钱、努力等) 5. __________ (adj. ) 可供替代的 (n. ) 可供选择的事物 worthy acquire expand worthwhile alternative 6. ______ (n. )手段, 方法 7. ____ (n. & vt. )缺乏→_______ (adj. )缺乏的; 短缺的 8. _____ (adj. )平等的; 同等的 (n. )同等的人; 相等物(vt. ) 与……相同或相等→_______ (adv. )相等地→_______(n. ) 同等, 平等 9._________(vt. & vi. )捐献, 捐赠, 捐助; 贡献; 促成, 导致 →___________
(n. )贡献; 捐献; 投稿→__________
(n. ) 贡献者; 捐献者; 投稿人 means lack lacking equal equally equality contribute contribution contributor 10. _________
(n. )个人财产; 拥有, 具有→_______
(vt. )占有; 拥有; 具有→_________(adj. )拥有的, 具有的 11. _______
(vt. )提醒, 使想起→_________
(n. )暗示; 提醒人 的事物 possession possess possessed remind reminder 【高频单词】不可不知 12. ________ (n. ) 同事 13. ______(adj. )
空着的, 未被占用的; (职位)空缺的 14. __________ (n. ) 描写(文字), 形容, 说明 →________(vt. )
描述, 形容; 描绘 15. _________ (adj. ) 志愿的; 自愿的, 主动的 →_________(n. )志愿者(v. )自愿做 colleague vacant description describe voluntary volunteer 16. ______
(adj. )紧急的, 紧迫的→_______(n. )紧急; 紧急的 事 17. _________(n. )饥饿; 挨饿; 饿死→______(vt. & vi. ) (使)饿 死, (使)挨饿 18.____________(adj. )麻烦的, 讨厌的, 棘手的→_______
(n. ) 麻烦, 烦恼(v. ) (使)烦恼, (使)麻烦 urgent urgency starvation starve
troublesome trouble Ⅱ. 短语➡双语互译 1. 谈及, 提到; 与……相关, 涉及; 查阅, 参考 _______ 2. 除……以外(还), 此外__________ 3. 使(某人)察觉到
_________________________ 4. 在……的保护下, 在……的管理下 ___________________ 5. 但愿 ______ 6. 出故障; 抛锚
___________ refer to in addition draw someone’s attention to under the umbrella of if only break down 7. in chaos_____________ 8. stop sb. from doing sth. _______________ 9. get hold of __________ 10. access to _____________________________ 11. remind somebody of ____________________________ 12. think back to _____ 13. make a difference __________________ 处于混乱状态 阻止某人做某事 得到; 抓住 通向……的入口, 通道; 有权使用 让某人想起……, 提醒某人…… 回想 有作用(关系、影响) 语境取词——选用上面的单词或短语填空 In order to _______(得到) the support of the people, he
__________(谈及) his programme: to realize the _______(平等)
of all the people, to solve the _________(饥饿), to _______(扩大) the export of goods and to settle the environment pollution and
lack of water.
acquire referred to equality starvation expand Ⅲ. 句型➡超级仿写 1. as引导非限制性定语从句 My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary, and _______ ______(正如我前面所说的), I visit countries where the UN
has programmes to help people.
【仿写】众所周知, 人离开空气或水就不能生存。
________________, man can’t live without air or water.
as I said before As is known to all 2. If only引导的虚拟语气 ______(要是……, 但愿……就好了) I were a Goodwill
Ambassador!
【仿写】要是他能参加我们的聚会就好了!
____________________________ If only If only he would join our party! 3. 不定式作结果状语 Arrived here
______(结果却发现) everything was in chaos.
【仿写】我从家里一路走到图书馆, 结果却发现它已经关门了。 I walked all the way from home to the library ______________.
to find to find it closed 4. 现在分词作结果状语 Instead of sand blowing everywhere, there is mud and water
everywhere, __________________(使得……很困难) travel
from place to place.
【仿写】无论是人造光还是自然光都将点亮房间, 让它看起 来更大。 Both artificial and natural light will brighten up a room,
___________________.
making it difficult to making it look bigger 【重点单词】 1. lack n. & vt. 缺乏 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①The plant died ___ ____ __ water.
植物因缺水而枯死了。 ②He is good at his job but he seems to ____ __________.
他工作不错, 但似乎缺乏信心。 for lack of lack confidence 【记一记➡构建知识】 lack +n. 缺乏 lack for+n. (多用于否定句中) 需求; 需要 for/through lack of+n. 因缺乏…… a lack of +n. 缺乏…… no lack of
不缺乏 (3)lacking adj. 短缺的; 缺乏的 be lacking in (在抽象事物方面)缺乏 (1)v. (2)n. *Since she is young, she is lacking in experience.
由于年轻, 她缺乏经验。 *They lacked for nothing.
他们无所需求。 【悟一悟➡参透误区】 lack是表示状态的及物动词, 不用于被动结构, 也不用于进行时的句子中。 2. equal
adj. 平等的; 同等的, 相同的; 胜任的
n. 同等的人; 相等物
vt. 与……相同或相等, 敌得上 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①The two books ___ more or less _____ in length.
这两本书篇幅差不多。 ②Three feet __ roughly______ __ one meter.
3英尺大体上等于1 米。 are equal is
equal to ③I’m sure he __ _____ __ the task.
我确信他有能力承担这个任务。 ④He is a scientist _______ _____, because his achievement is
unlikely to be ________.
他是位无与伦比的科学家, 因为他的成就没有能与之匹敌的。 is equal to without equal equalled 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)be/feel equal to (doing) sth. (in. . . ) (在……方面)与……相等; 能胜任 equal sb. /sth. in (doing) sth.
在(做)某事上比得过, 敌得过某人/物 (be) without equal 无与伦比 (2)equally adv. 相等地, 相同地 equality n. 平等, 同等; 均等 *They hold the view that people are born equal and should be treated equally.
他们认为人们生来平等, 应该被同等对待。 *She did not feel equal to receiving visitors.
她身体不适, 不能接见客人。 *He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.
他和我力气相等, 但智力不同。 3. contribute vt. & vi. 捐献, 捐赠, 捐助; 贡献, 促成; 导致 【填一填➡激活思维】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 ①I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the
world. (
) ②Many millionaires and billionaires are keen on contributing
to charities. (
) ③He contributed (an article) to China Daily. (
) ④These jobs contribute to the achievement of various
ecological, economic, and social goals. (
) ⑤His carelessness is said to have contributed to her death.
(
) 做出贡献 捐助 投稿 有助于, 促成 导致 【看一看➡巧学助记】
Many people contributed money to Project Hope, which contributed to many children returning to school. A teacher wrote an article about this and contributed it to a newspaper.
许多人给希望工程捐钱, 使许多孩子重返校园。一位老师据此写了一篇文章并向报社投了稿。 4. worthwhile adj. 重要的; 令人愉快的; 值得花时间(或花钱、努力等) 【填一填➡激活思维】 那个地方值得游览。(一句多译) ①The place is worth _______.
②The place is worth __ ____.
③The place is worthy __ __ ____.
④The place is worthy __ _____ ______.
⑤The place is worthy __ ___ ______.
⑥It is worthwhile _______ the place.
⑦It is worthwhile __ ____ the place.
visiting a visit of a visit of being visited to be visited visiting to visit