Units 1—2
重点单词
【1】 defend vt. 防御，保卫；为……辩护
Some players are better at defending.
有些运动员较擅长打防卫。
The labour union said that they would take action to defend their members' rights and interests.
工会说他们将采取行动维护会员的权益。
The accused man had a lawyer to defend him.
(defend ＝ in defense of)
被告有一名律师为他辩护。
defend, protect, guard
(1)defend vt.“防卫，防御”，指用武力或其他手段抵御任何危险或攻击；也可用于“捍卫”，指维护意见、决定。
We should defend our country when she is attacked.
我们要在国家被攻击的时候保卫她。
(2)protect vt.“保护”，强调提供某种掩护和障碍物以免受到损害，其结构为protect…from。
The girl wore gloves to protect her hands from the cold.
这女孩戴上了手套保护手以免受冻。
(3)guard vt.“守卫，警卫”，强调看守某样东西或戒备实际或潜在的危险。
They guarded the house against strangers.
他们守卫着这房子以防陌生人(潜入)。
This medicine can ______ you from the disease.
A. defend
B. protect
C. escape
D. prevent
B protect…from…保护……以免遭受危险或伤害。
【2】 concrete adj. 具体的，有形的 n. 混凝土
make a concrete analysis of concrete problems
对具体问题作具体分析
Have you any concrete thoughts on how to deal with this difficulty?
处理这种困难你有什么具体的想法？
in the concrete 具体化，实际上
in reality/as a matter of fact/in fact 实际上
【3】 occupy vt. 占用；占有，占据
The terrorists have occupied the Embassy.
恐怖分子占领了大使馆。
Many problems occupied his mind.
他的脑子里装着许多问题。
Her time is fully occupied with her three children.
她的时间全部用在她的3个孩子身上了。
be occupied with…忙于……
(＝occupy oneself with)
be occupied in doing…忙于做…
(＝occupy oneself in doing…)
occupation n. 占用，位置
Guangyi High School has a long history of more than 100 years, ______ of approximately 100 mu.
A. covered the area
B. occupying the area
C. occupied an area
D. covering an area
D occupy/cover an area of 占地……
【4】 restore v. 修复，恢复，使复原
restore sb. to life 使某人苏醒过来
restore sb. to his/her old post 使某人复职
restore the book to the shelf 把书放回书架
restore one's beauty/sight/confidence 恢复某人的姿色/视力/信心
The police must try to restore order.
警方必须努力恢复治安。
In the face of terrorism, countries try to ______ peace on earth.
A. restore
B. regain
C. rebuild
D. repair
A restore peace 恢复和平。
【5】
mercy n. 仁慈，怜悯，宽恕
at the mercy of 任由……的摆布
without mercy 毫不留情地，残忍地
have/take (no) mercy on 对……(不)同情
show mercy to 对……表示怜悯
throw oneself on sb.'s mercy 请求某人的宽恕
a mercy (口语)恩惠，幸运
They showed little mercy to the enemies.
他们对敌人毫不怜悯。
我们受到仁慈的招待。
________________________________________________________________________
We were treated with mercy.
【6】 abundant adj. 丰富的，充裕的
Our abundant resources and stable policy provide foreigners with the advantages of their investment here.
我们丰富的资源和稳定的政策为外商投资提供了有利条件。
We have abundant proof of his guilt.
我们有充足的证据证明他有罪。
be abundant/rich/high in 在……方面丰富
be low/poor in 在……方面不足/贫乏
an abundance of 大量的，多的
in abundance 丰富地，充裕地
①However ______ certain natural resources may be, they cannot reproduce themselves and are bound to be used up ultimately.
A. rare
B. abundant
C. valuable
D. luxurious
②在这些阴暗潮湿的地方，蚊子成群。
________________________________________
③中国自然资源丰富。
_________________________________________
①B 不管某些自然资源多么丰富，它们不会再生，终究要被用完的。abundant丰富的；rare稀少的；valuable有价值的；luxurious豪华的，奢侈的。
②Mosquitoes are extremely abundant in the dark wet places.
③China is abundant in natural resources.
【7】 particular adj. 特殊的，独特的；挑剔的，个别的
I have no particular reason to suspect him.
我没有特殊的理由去怀疑他。
This fruit is particular to Africa.
这种水果是非洲所特有的。
Maria is very particular about her dress.
玛丽亚对穿着很挑剔。
in particular特别地；尤其是
be particular about 对……挑剔，对……有讲究
She is very particular about what she eats.
她对饮食很挑剔。
particularly adv. 特别地；显著地
especially, specially, particularly
(1) especially强调程度，“尤其，特别”，指有意突出到明显或例外的程度。
Our garden is beautiful, especially in fall.
我们的花园很美，尤其是在秋天。
(2) specially强调目的，“专门地、特别地”，指为某个特别的目的而专门地做某事。
This car was specially designed for use in the desert.
这种汽车是专门为在沙漠里使用而设计的。
(3) particularly强调独特性或与众不同，常指以不同的方式突出某一事物的个性或独特之处。
This handbook is particularly useful for middle school students.
这本手册对中学生而言特别有用。
①Some children are too ______ about their food, which is bad for their growth.
A. careful
B. special
C. particular
D. curious
②Those T－shirts are usually $35 each, but today they have a ______ price of $19 in the Shopping Center.
A. regular
B. special
C. cheap
D. particular
①C 句意：一些孩子对食物太挑剔了，这对他们的成长不利。此处particular表示“挑剔的”。其余3项与后半句不符。
②B 句意：这些T恤通常是每件35美元，但今天他们在购物中心特价卖19美元。special price表示“特价”。而其他3个词都不能表示“特价”之意，且价格通常不用cheap, expensive修饰，particular也不修饰价格。
【8】 preference n. 喜爱，偏爱
A teacher should not show preference for any one of his pupils.
老师不应偏爱任何一个学生。
Which is your preference, tea or coffee?
你喜欢喝哪一样，茶还是咖啡？
prefer vt. 宁可，宁愿(选择)；更喜欢
(1) 后接不定式时与rather than 或instead of连用。
He preferred to die rather than steal./He preferred to die instead of stealing.
他宁死也不去偷窃。
(2) 注意介词搭配。
I prefer swimming to skating. (I like swimming better than skating.)
我喜欢游泳胜过滑冰。
(3) prefer因其本身含有比较之意而不可再与more或most连用。
(4) prefer ＋ that从句表示“宁愿……”，从句一般用虚拟语气。
I prefer that you should do it.
我宁愿你做这件事。
Even on a cold day he prefers ______ out to play football ______ at home.
A. going; rather stay
B. going; to staying
C. to go; rather than staying
D. to do; rather than to stay
B prefer doing A to doing B ＝ prefer to do A rather than do B宁可做A也不做B。
【9】 transfer v. 使转移，使迁移，转学
The film studio is transferring to Hollywood.
这家电影制片厂正迁往好莱坞。
Children usually transfer to secondary school at 11 or 12.
儿童通常在11或12岁时升到中学。
①How can I ________________ my bank account to his?
怎么才能把我账户上的钱转到他的账户上呢？
②The patient ________________ another hospital.
患者转送到了另一家医院。
①transfer money from
②was transferred to
【1】 be home to 为……的所在地；为……的栖息地
Sichuan Province is home to pandas.
四川是熊猫的栖息地。
feel/be at home 觉得舒适，无拘束
be at home with sb. 和某人合得来；和某人混得很熟
make oneself at home 随便，无拘无束
The Rokies are home ______ bears and mountain lions.
A. in
B. of
C. to
D. about
C be home to 为……的所在地。
【2】be located in (be situated in/at)位于，坐落于
Tianchi Lake, which is located in Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province, is now a famous tourist attraction.
坐落于吉林省长白山的天池如今是一个旅游胜地。
类似的过去分词也是用作表语：
We are faced with a serious problem.
我们面临一个严重的问题。
The road is lined with tall trees.
道路上排列着一些高高的树。
He is dressed in a new coat.
他穿着一件新外套。
He is seated in the armchair, silent.
他默默地坐在扶手椅上。
The man is drunk in the achievements he has made.
那个人陶醉于他所取得的成就。
The kid is lost in computer games.
那个小孩沉迷于电脑游戏。
______ in the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, which is often called the CN Tower for short.
A. Locate
B. To locate
C. Located
D. Having located
C 倒装句。正常语序为The Canadian National Tower is located in the heart of Toronto.这里倒装是为了后面定语从句与其修饰词相连的需要。
For those who love outdoor activities, it is possible to hike, sail, cross－country ski or travel by snowmobile for hours — or even days — without meeting another person.
对于热爱户外活动的人来说，在远足、帆船运动、越野滑雪或雪车旅行中，他们可能好几个小时甚至好几天都碰不到一个人。
此句属于it is possible (for sb.) to do 句型，意为：某人做某事是有可能的，某人可能做某事。
it is possible (for sb.) to do 可改为it is possible that…句型。
It is possible that he will come tonight.
他今晚有可能会来。
Do you think it is possible for a robot to think for itself?
你认为机器人可能会独立思考吗？
【注意】此句型不用人作主语。
他可能干了这种事。
He was possible to do such a thing. (×)
It was possible for him to do such a thing. (√)
possible, likely, probable
它们都表示“可能”，在意思和用法上都不完全相同。
(1) 意思上：probable 就证据或道理而言，认为理所当然，可能性大，十有八九的可能；likely比probable的可能性要小，比possible要大，十有六七的可能；possible某物存在、发生、实现的可能性很小，十有二三的可能。
(2) 用法上：
相同点是：三者均可以构成：It is (was) possible/probable/likely ＋that从句。
It is possible/likely/probable that the cost will be greater than we think.
花费有可能/很可能/极有可能比我们料想的要大。
不同点是：probable 和possible不能用人作主语，常用it作主语，可以构成it is/was possible/probable for sb. to do sth.，但不能说it is/was likely for sb. to do sth.。
likely既用人也可用物作主语，可以构成sb. is/was likely to do sth.，但不能说sb. is/was possible/probable to do sth.。
It will be possible for you to get there before eight o'clock.
You will be likely to get there before 8 o'clock.
你很有可能在8点钟之前赶到那里。
Tomorrow is Sunday and he has a day off, so he is ______ to attend our party.
A. probable
B. possible
C. likely
D. possibility
C 句意：明天是星期天，他休假，因此他很可能来参加我们的晚会。此题的主语是人，只能用sb. is likely to do sth.句型。
怎样写好议论文
一、议论文概述
议论文是以议论为主，通过摆事实，讲道理的方法，对客观事物进行评述或议论，以阐明作者的观点和主张，说服别人，让人信服。
1．议论文的3要素
议论文必须含有论点、论据和论证3个要素。
①论点是作者对所议论的问题所持的看法或主张；
②论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理，即证明论点的材料；
③论证是用论据来证明论点的推理过程和方法
论证有立论和驳论两种。
①立论是作者证明自己的论点正确；
②驳论是作者证明别人的论点错误。
2.议论文的一般结构
议论文一般有引子、正文和结束语3个部分。
①引子，即开头——引论。用以引出令人关注的问题。②正文，即主体——本论。是全文的主要部分，是对提出的问题进行分析、推理，运用材料对论点进行论证，使论点得到足够的支持。
③结束语，即结尾——结论。对正文部分的内容作出概括，明确论点所要解决的问题。议论文的主要表达方式是议论，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。议论文中的说明常为议论的开展创造条件，或者是议论的补充；议论文中的记叙和描写是为论点提供根据的。因此，叙述是概括的，描写是简要的。
二、写作模板
模板1：常用模式
第一段：引言，提出话题或综述现象。例如：As too much use of… caused…our government encourages us to…
第二段：议论主体，分析原因或评述现象。例如：These bags are…， Besides, they can…
第三段：得出结论，阐明观点或总结论证。例如：I believe that… This is one of the many steps we are to take…
模板2：论述原因
It is well－known that ______ (现状). What impressed us most is ______. It is true that______ (进一步说明某现状). Why does such circumstance occur? The main reason is ______ (原因一). Besides, ______ (原因二). Thirdly, since ______， it is natural that ______ (原因三)．
As a result, ______ (描述结果). Of course it is not easy to deal with the problem, but is worth trying. We should do something such as ______ (举例)to improve the present situation, and maybe everything will be better in the future.
模板3：论述措施
Recently, more and more people are paying attention to the problem ______ (某现状). First, ______ (产生的问题一). Second, ______ (产生的问题二). Clearly something must be done to smooth away the problem.
I believe that the following measures are effective. First, ______ (措施一). Second, ______ (措施二). Finally, ______ (措施三)．
Obviously it takes time to solve such problems. However, if everyone takes an active part in it, ______ (可能出现的效果)．
模板4：论述利弊
Now many people prefer to ______ (现象). It seems impossible for people to ______ (反述). Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First of all, ______ (优点一). What's more, ______ (优点二)．
But every coin has two sides. It also brings harm to people if we _____ (现象). One of the important disadvantages is that ___(缺点一). To make matters worse, ____ (缺点二)．
From my point of view, it is hard to imagine a world without ______ (现象). But it doesn't help in everyway. Perhaps we should ______ (观点一). At the same time we may ______ (观点二)．
三、典例分析
1．试题要求
以The Value of Time为题目，根据下面的提示写一篇不少于150词左右的短文。
提示：
(1)时间比金钱更重要、宝贵，要珍惜时间；
(2)时间对每个人来说是有限的，应充分利用大好时光为国家效力；
(3)指出有些人没有认识时间的价值；
(4)养成良好的珍惜时间的好习惯，今日事今日毕。
2．内容分析
本篇书面表达是一篇议论文，谈论对时间的看法。时间的讨论应属于各个时代的人都热衷的一个话题。考生对该话题十分熟悉，且写作提示中也详细给出了写作要点，故考生有话可说，写作难度不大。
注意事项：
①注意从正反两方面说明时间的重要性；
②关于珍惜时间的谚语不少，可考虑选择使用，以增加文章的亮点；
③注意条理分明，行文连贯。
3．佳作赏析
As the saying goes, time is gold. Money can't buy time. It means that time is really more important and precious than money. If gone, time will never come back again. So we must all value time.
Nobody can live forever. Therefore, we ought to make our limited time meaningful. As students, in order to contribute to serving our motherland and society in the future, we should all spare no efforts to study hard.
However, there're still some people unaware of the importance of time. They waste their precious time in meaningless things such as playing boring games, smoking and drinking.
To conclude, we should try to get into the habit of treasuring time. Don't postpone till tomorrow what should be done today.
4．满分揭秘：
作者以谚语开头，引出时间更胜于金钱这一主题，进而说明我们应该珍惜时间。再以however转折说明有些人不能认识到时间的重要性这一不良现象，最后总结说明我们应该养成珍惜时间的习惯，今日事今日毕。全文行文自然，过渡词therefore, however, in conclude等运用贴切，spare no efforts, postpone及复合宾语等高级词汇和结构的使用更是为文章增加了亮点。
四、小试牛刀
不同的学生对自己心目中好老师的标准有所不同，但也有共同之处。请你根据下列表格中的内容以Good Teachers in Our Heart为题，写一篇不少于150词的英语短文。
约40%的同学认为 约60%的同学认为 一致认为
对同学友好；上课认真 知识渊博；讲课清晰易懂 严格要求学生，又善于帮助学生解决问题；风趣幽默，上课生动有趣。
One possible version:
Good Teachers in Our Heart
Good teachers are those who are popular with students. But what kind of teachers are popular with students? Different students have different opinions about this question.
About 40% of the students believe that good teachers should be those who are kind to students and give lessons carefully. At the same time, about 60% of the students think that good teachers should be knowledgeable and explain things clearly so that students can easily understand.
But all the students like teachers who are strict with students in their studies and can help students solve problems in their studies as well as in their life. What's more, they all believe that good teachers should be full of humor and energy and can make their lessons lively and interesting.