Unit 3 Amazing people【1】 curious adj. 好奇的；奇异的
I heard a curious noise coming from above.
我听到从上面传来的一个奇怪的声音。
be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 对做某事感到好奇
He's curious to know what she said.
他想知道她说了什么。
be curious ＋ that从句/wh－从句(从句谓语可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气)
They are curious how it is/should be made.
他们很想知道这是怎么做成的。
①他们对住在楼上的人很好奇。
________________________________________________________________________
②那是一种奇特的感觉，我们仿佛在空中漂浮。
________________________________________________________________________
③她没有告诉任何人，这很反常。
________________________________________________________________________
①They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs.
②It was a curious feeling, as though we were floating on air.
③It was curious that she didn't tell anyone.
【2】present n. 赠品，礼物， adj. 出现的，出席的， vt. 呈奉，奉送
Were you present when the news was announced?
宣布那消息时你在场吗？
He presented her with a bunch of flowers.
他献给她一束花。
presentation n．呈现
presence n. 出席，到场
at present 现在，目前
be present at 出席
be absent from 缺席
He hardly seemed to notice my presence.
他似乎没有注意到我在场。
①多数做父亲的都希望孩子出世时自己在场。
________________________________________________________________________
②我给他选点什么生日礼物呢？
________________________________________________________________________
③在他退休之际，同事们赠给他一套高尔夫球杆(golf clubs)。
___________________________________________
①Most fathers wish to be present at the birth of their child.
②What can I get him for a birthday present?
③On his retirement, colleagues presented him with a set of golf clubs.
【3】辨析disturb, interrupt与trouble
(1) disturb和interrupt都是及物动词，但意思不同。前者是“干扰，困扰”，后者是“打断”。She was disturbed to hear you had been injured in the accident.
她听到你在事故中受了伤感到不安。
Don't interrupt your teacher while he is talking.
老师在讲话的时候你不要打断他。
(2) disturb还可表示“妨碍；妨害；侵犯(权利)；弄乱，打乱(计划等)；激荡(水面)”。
He put his oars in the water and disturbed the smooth surface of the lake.
他把桨放入水中，搅乱了平静的湖面。
Don't disturb the paper on my desk.
别乱动我桌上的文件。
disturbing adj. 令人不安的；使人震惊的
(3) trouble指麻烦别人所造成的不便而说的客气话。
Could I trouble you to open the window, please?
劳驾，请您把窗户打开好吗？
The programme was ______ for half an hour because of a sudden power failure last night.
A. disturbed
B. missed
C. interrupted
D. paused
C 本句意思为“昨晚因停电，节目被中断了半个小时。” interrupt中断；disturb打乱，扰乱；miss思念，错过；pause暂停，为不及物动词。
【4】辨析examine, inspect, check
这些动词都有“调查，检查”之意。
(1)examine是最普通用词，可指粗略地查看，也可指仔细观察或调查以确定事物的性质、功能、特点等。
They put a screen around his bed so that the doctor could examine him.
他们在他的床的四周放上屏风，以便医生给他做检查。
(2)inspect是指根据完美的标准或品质等对被检查的对象进行比较，以检查或视察该事物是否有差异、缺陷。它侧重按一定质量标准检查某物，找出不足或不同之处。
He carefully inspected the china for cracks.
他仔细检查瓷器看有无裂纹。
(3)check指“核对，检查”。
He checked his furniture and found his color TV set gone.
他核对家具，发现彩色电视机不见了。
He ______ his belongs very carefully and found his gold watch missing.
A. looked
B. checked
C. investigated
D. scanned
B look表示“一般的看”，为不及物动词； check意为“检查，核对”，看看是有还是无，是对还是错；investigate 指为发现事实真相或了解掌握情况而进行深入细致地现场考察；scan指细看或浏览，根据句意选B。
【5】辨析certain，sure
一般来说，sure和certain的用法是相同的，但sure的语气比certain听起来弱些，而区别主要体现在搭配上。
(1)两者都能用于以下句型中：
①be sure/certain ＋ about/of短语，表示“对(某事)有把握”。主语必须是人。
I am sure/certain of his returning.
我确信他会回来。
②be sure/certain to do sth.，表示“一定会做某事”，主语可以是人，也可以是物。
Spring is sure/certain to follow winter.
冬天过后一定是春天。
③be sure/certain ＋从句，表示“确信……”，“确定；弄清楚”，主语只能是人，而不能是物。
You must be sure/certain when the bus will leave.
你必须弄清汽车何时出发。
(2)二者的不同点在于：
①I' m sure…与I' m certain…均可译为“我深信(确信)……”，但两者的含义却不同。前者表示一种主观上的判断或感觉，事实并不一定如此，后者强调的则是客观事实，意为主语已经知道后面的内容是既定的事实。试比较下面一组句子：
I' m sure he didn't steal it. He isn't that kind of person.
我确信他没偷，他不是那种人。
I' m certain he didn't break the cup. I broke it myself.
我敢肯定他没有打碎那个茶杯，(因为)那个茶杯是我打碎的。
②如果it作为形式主语代替从句时，则其后的表语用certain，而不能用sure。
It isn't certain whether he will give us a report next Monday.
下星期一他是否来为我们作报告还不能确定。
③两者在作定语时含义不同。sure意为“可靠的；无误的”；而certain若修饰可数名词，意为“某一；某些；某种；一些”，若修饰抽象名词，表示程度，意为“有点；有些”。
He made a sure answer.
他回答得准确无误。
A certain person called on me yesterday.
昨天有个人来找过我。
④在祈使句中常用sure，不宜用certain。
Be sure and remember what I told you.
千万要记住我对你讲的话。
⑤口语中，sure常作副词，用在肯定答语中替代surely，这时与of course，certainly意思相当，而certain不可作副词用。
— Would you please turn down the radio a little bit?
——请你把收音机音量调小点，好吗？
— Sure/Of course/Certainly.
——当然可以。
— It's ______ that he said: “I am ______ to help you.”
— Don't take it seriously. He is always playing that trick.
A. sure; sure
B. certain; certain
C. sure; certain
D. certainly; surely
B it 作形式主语时只能用certain 作表语。人作主语时，sure和certain都可以用，但是不能用surely。故选B。
【6】 compare vt. 比较，对照
compare with与……做比较(同类相比)
My English cannot compare with his.
我的英文水平不如他。
compare sth./sb. to 将……比(喻)作……(异类相比)
A teacher's work is often compared to a candle.
教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。
compare notes 交换意见；交流体会
without/beyond compare 无可比拟
comparison n. 比较；对照
by comparison 相比之下
in comparison with/to 与……相比
By comparison, expenditure on education increased last year.
相比之下，去年教育经费增加了。
The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with New York's skyscrapers.
伦敦最高的建筑物与纽约的摩天大楼一比就相形见绌。
______ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
D 该题考查状语从句的省略及动词compare的用法。该句前面补全为When (it is) compared with the size of the whole earth, 由于主句的主语和从句的主语一致，所以省略了it is，故选 D。
【7】 base n. 根据地，基地，(棒球)垒
Shanghai is the most important industrial base of China.
上海是中国最重要的工业基地。
After ______ in “The Brokeback Mountain (《断背山》)”， Ang Lee decided to direct another English film “Lust Caution(《色戒》)”， ______ on a short novel by Zhang Ailing.
A. succeeded; based
B. succeeding; basing
C. succeeded; basing
D. succeeding; based
D 句子主语是succeed这个动作的执行者，所以要用succeeding；后面是分词短语作定语，相当于which was based on，省略了which was, 所以是based。
【8】 once adv. 一次，一度，从前， conj. 一旦
She once knew him.
她以前认识他。
Once bitten, twice shy.
一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。/吃一次亏，学一次乖。
Once you begin, you must continue.
一旦开了头，你就应当继续下去。
After ______ in “The Brokeback Mountain (《断背山》)”， Ang Lee decided to direct another English film “Lust Caution(《色戒》)”， ______ on a short novel by Zhang Ailing.
A. succeeded; based
B. succeeding; basing
C. succeeded; basing
D. succeeding; based
D 句子主语是succeed这个动作的执行者，所以要用succeeding；后面是分词短语作定语，相当于which was based on，省略了which was, 所以是based。
once more/again 再一次；重新
for once 就这一次
only once只有一次
at once 马上，立刻；(＝instantly)同时
once upon a time 从前(用于故事的开头)
all at once 一下子，突然
once in a while 偶尔，间或
once or twice 一两次
once (and) for all 一劳永逸地；彻底地
①从前，有一位美丽的公主。
__________________________________________
②我们需要把这件事一次性解决。
__________________________________________
③火车又一次晚点了。
__________________________________________
④只有这一次他按时到了。
__________________________________________
①Once upon a time there was a beautiful princess.
②We need to settle this matter once and for all.
③Once again the train was late.
④Just for once he arrived on time.
【9】辨析pick, choose, select, elect
(1)pick意为“挑选，挑拣”，是仔细挑剔和苛刻地选择，多指挑选有形的东西。
You should pick your words while preparing the speech.
准备演讲时，你得注意措辞。
(2)choose用法最广，表示“选择，挑选”，侧重于通过意志或判断，是最普通的用语。
She chose the red sweater rather than the pink one.
她选中那件红毛衣而不是那件粉红色的。
(3)select表示“精选，挑选”，是指从同类的许多东西中仔细辨别后选择，挑选最合适的，从而淘汰一部分。
We selected some for seeds.
我们选了一些做种子。
(4)elect表示“选举，推选”接班人或职位。
All the people agreed to elect him our chairman.
所有的人都同意推举他为我们的主席。
选词填空：pick/choose/elect/select
①They're going to ____________ fruit today.
今天他们要去摘水果。
②You may ____________ what you like.
你可以选择你最喜欢的东西。
③We ____________ her monitress of the class.
我们选她为班长。④Who has been ____________ to take part in the game?
挑选谁来参加这个比赛？
①pick
②choose
③elect
④selected
【10】prove vt. (proved, proved/proven)证明，证实
prove that 证明，证实
She was determined to prove everyone wrong.
她决心证明大家都错了。
prove to be sth. 后来被发现是，最终显现为
Your computer experience should prove to be useful.
你的计算机运用经验会表明是有用的。
【1】辨析as well as, as well
(1)as well as作为习语用作介词时，其含义是“还有”、“不但……而且……”。在A as well as B的结构里，语意的重点在A，不在B。
He can speak Spanish as well as English.
他不但会说英语，而且会讲西班牙语。
as well as用作连词引出比较从句，其义为“和……一样好”。语意的重点依旧在前部。
He speaks Spanish as well as English.
他说西班牙语像说英语一样好。
用于主语之后，谓语动词的单复数形式跟它前面的主语保持一致。
The students, as well as their teacher, are all excited at the news.
听到这个消息，学生们和老师都感到兴奋。
(2)as well 单独使用于句尾表示“也”，“既……”，“又……”，相当于also, 但不能用于否定句。
He is a host and a writer as well.
他既是一位主持人又是一位作家。
可构成短语might/may as well “不妨”“还是……为好”，后可直接跟动词原形。
You may as well try it again.
你不妨再试一试。
①The father as well as his three children ______ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A. is going
B. go
C. goes
D. are going
②There is nothing to do, so I ______ in the office and wait for the manager to come back.
A. may as well to stay
B. may as well staying
C. may as well stay
D. may as well stayed
③My sister, as well as her classmates who ______ late for class, ______ criticized by Mr. Hunt.
A. were; was
B. was; were
C. was; was
D. were; were
①C 句意：冬天每个星期天下午父亲和他的3个孩子都在结冰的河上滑冰。as well as 的着眼点在前面，谓语动词跟前面的名词保持一致。
②C 句意：没有别的事情可做，因此我只好待在办公室等经理回来。may/might as well do sth.意思是“还是做某事好”、“不如做某事”。
③A 由于定语从句中的主谓一致是由先行词决定的，所以前面一空和her classmates一致，用复数谓语动词的形式；当as well as并列连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数由as well as前面那个主语决定，即my sister，所以用单数。
【2】pay off 成功，带来好结果；还清；结清工资，解雇(某人)
It took Tom ten years to pay off his debt.
汤姆花了10年才将债务还清。
The director paid off the crew of the ship.
负责人付清了全体船员工资并解雇了他们。
pay v. 付(款)；付清(账单、债务)；有利可图，值得(麻烦)，合算
pay n. 工资；薪金；津贴
pay a visit 访问
pay a call 拜会
pay back (＝ pay off, pay out, serve out) 偿还，偿付；报复
pay for 为……支付
pay out 花费，支出；放松(绳子)；放出
pay up (不情愿地)付清；还清(债务)
We should manage to ______ the debt within two years.
A. pay for
B. pay out
C. pay over
D. pay off
D 句意为“我们要在两年内把债务都还清。” pay for 为……支付； pay out 花费，支出； pay一般不与over搭配；pay off 还清，偿清，故选D。
【3】辨析manage to do, try to do, try doing
(1)manage to do 意为“设法做成了某事”，强调其结果是成功的。
He managed to do the operation with very little help.
在没有多少帮助的情况下，他设法把手术做成功了。
(2)try to do意为“尽力做某事”，但是不一定成功。
He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.
他努力想通过考试，但是失败了。
(3)try doing sth. 试着做某事；尝试做
Let's try knocking at the back door.
咱们敲后边的门试试。
①In spite of these insults, she ______________ get angry.
虽然有这些污辱，但她忍着没发火。
②We'll ______________
improve our teaching methods.
我们将尽力提高我们的教学方法。
③Thanks to the guide, the team members ______ to get out of the forest and got to the camp before dark. (2010甘肃庆阳期末)
A. tried
B. failed
C. managed
D. succeeded
①managed not to
②try to
③C try to do sth. 尽力做某事(可能成功，也可能不成功)；fail to do sth. 没有做成某事；manage to do sth. 设法做成某事；D项搭配为succeed in doing sth.，也指成功做了某事，故选C。
【4】辨析die from, die of
die的名词为death，形容词为dead，现在分词为dying。
die of和die from两者意思都是“因……而死”，后面接死亡的原因作宾语。指因某种疾病而死时，两者都可用。比如die from/of heart illness(死于心脏病)；die from/of lung cancer(死于肺癌)。
(1)如果指由于事故、环境造成的间接死亡，如死于枪伤、虚弱、过度劳累、饮食过度及空气污染等多用die from。
die from a wound/an accident/an earthquake/overwork/weakness/polluted air受伤而死/死于一次事故/地震/过度劳累/过度虚弱/污染的空气
(2)如果指由于饥饿、寒冷、衰老或感情造成的死亡多用die of。
die of hunger and cold/ old age/ joy/ disappointment/ grief/ fear死于饥饿和寒冷/年老/高兴/失望/悲伤/恐惧
die for 为……而死，为……而献身
die off 相继死去，直到绝种，其后不能接宾语。
die out 死光，绝种，(火等)熄灭，后不接宾语。
die in 多用于指在某种状况或环境中死去，如贫穷、战争、债务、年幼等。
die away 渐弱；消逝(尤指声音的渐渐消失)
die through 多指由于疏忽、过失等原因而造成的死亡。
die down (火)渐熄；(骚动等)渐渐平息
die with 死于某种精神因素(也可用 die of )
The old woman died with deeply sorrow.
这个老妇人悲伤致死。
die by 死于暴力等
The young girl died by her own hand.
这年轻女孩自杀而死。
be dying for/be dying to do 渴望
用适当的词填空
①The soldier died ________ a wound in the battle.
②This old man died ________ solitude, because his son deserted him.
③The girl is dying ________ being slimmer.
④Li Dazhao, a great communist，died ________ his great belief.
⑤The poor peasant boy that I saw in the cottage died ________ the nobleman' s sword.
⑥The baby died ________ its clothes being burned.
⑦The tall young man with black eyes died ________ the war.
①from
②of
③for
④for
⑤by
⑥through
⑦in
【5】辨析result in，result from
result in 导致，造成，产生某种作用或结果
His carelessness resulted in two deaths.
他的粗心导致2人死亡。
result from 产生于……，由……引起，缘于
The fire resulted from misoperation.
大火是由误操作引发的。
as a result ＝ as a consequence 因而，结果；作为结果
As a result, they left for America.
结果，他们离开去了美国。
as a result of 由于……的原因
As a result of politics, they had to leave
for America.
由于政治原因，他们离开去了美国。
表原因的介词短语还有：
because of, owing to, due to, thanks to(参见M2U1)
①Last night, their house was broken into. ______， they suffered heavy losses.
A. Result in
B. As a result
C. Result from
D. As a result of
②Jenny nearly missed the flight ______ doing too much shopping.
A. as a result of
B. on top of
C. in front of
D. in need of
①B 句意：昨晚，有人闯入他们家。结果，他们遭受巨大损失。A、C为动词短语，作谓语；B接结果；D接原因。
②A 句意：由于购物花费时间太多，珍妮差点错过航班。考查介词短语辨析。A由于；B在……之上/除了……(还有)；C在……前面；D需要。
【1】 If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death.
如果把病毒吸入了，就可能生病甚至死亡。
If breathed in是过去分词作条件状语，这里相当于if the viruses are breathed in。当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句又有be动词，或从句主谓结构是it is时，常省略从句的主语和be动词。
If heated, water will turn into steam.
＝If water is heated, it will turn into steam.
水如果受热就会变成水蒸气。
When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
＝When he was asked why he went there, he…flight.
当被问及他为什么去那儿时，他回答说他是被送去那儿为太空航行作训练的。
Every evening after dinner, if not ______ from work, I will spend some time practising playing the piano.
A. being tired
B. tiring
C. tired
D. to be tired
C “每天晚餐后，如果工作不是很累，我会花一些时间练习弹钢琴。”考查非谓语动词作状语。从句补充完整为If I am not tired…。主句和从句主语一致，省略主语和be动词，又因该句的动作为经常发生，所以排除A、D。
【2】 Although Yang did not actually get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him his position as China's first astronaut.
杨虽然实际上并没有在每门测试中得最高分，但是是他的心理测试最高分使得他最终赢得中国第一宇航员的位置。
(1)强调句型：It is/was(not)＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。强调人时that可换为who。
It was in New Zealand that Elizabeth first met Mr Smith.
正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到了史密斯先生。
It was not he but I that/who was to blame.
要怪的不是他，是我。
(2)一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？
Was it yesterday that you saw a foreigner in the park?
你在公园见到一个外国人是在昨天吗？
(3)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他？
Who was it that was to blame?
这件事到底该怪谁？
(1)强调谓语动词用do的某种形式：
You do look well today.
你今天看起来确实好。
I did forget your telephone number.
我确实忘记了你的电话号码。
(2)名词、动名词＋the very/his very
this very/your very
that very/my very可加强
名词或动名词的意义，意思为“十分”。
You're the very person I'm always looking for.
你正是我一直在找的人。
His very presence gave the representatives great encouragement.
他的出席给代表们极大的鼓舞。
(3)very与形容词的最高级(best)、last、next连用，也可以起到加强语气的作用。
This is the very last thing I expected.
这是我最后希望发生的事。
①It was along the Mississippi River ______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. where
②It was not until midnight ______ they reached the camp site.
A. that
B. when
C. while
D. as
③— Look, you didn't turn off the light last night.
— Oh, ______.
A. I did too
B. I did
C. so did I
D. so I did
④Mary came last night but she didn't say anything at the meeting. ______.
A. So did Tom
B. Nor did Tom
C. So it was with Tom D. It was the same as Tom
⑤It was ______ he came back from Africa that year ______ he met the girl he would like to marry.
A. when; then
B. not; until
C. not until; that
D. only; when
①C “沿着密西西比河，马克·吐温度过了许多童年时光。”考查强调句型。本句强调地点状语，故选C。
②A “直到午夜他们才到达野营地。”考查强调句型。本句对not until连接的时间状语进行强调。
③D 此处表示“我的确没有关灯”，不用倒装语序。
④C 这是既含有肯定又含有否定的复杂情况，用It is the same with…/So it is with…
⑤C 本题考查的是强调句型。句意：是那年他从非洲返回来之后才见到那个他想同她结婚的姑娘。强调not…until时间状语，用否定强调。
如何写好并列句
并列句是指在一个句子中含有两个或两个以上互不依从的主谓结构(即并列分句)。并列句中的几个分句通常由并列连词来连接，所以写好并列句掌握连词的意义及语法作用是关键。
【句型1】简单句 ＋ 并列连词＋ 简单句
Faced with difficulties, they never give up but try their best to find a way out.
面临困难，他们从不放弃，而是尽最大努力解决。
连接并列句的连词可分为以下几类：
① 单纯连词：and, both…and…， not only … but also…，as well as，…
② 转折连词：but，however, yet, still, while，…
③ 选择连词：or，not…but …， either …or …， neither …nor…
④ 推理连词：so, therefore, for，…
【句型2】祈使句 ＋ and / or (otherwise) ＋ 简单句
Take the chance, or / otherwise you will regret it.
抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。
本句型是并列句的一种特殊用法，可以与包含有条件状语从句的复合句进行转换。
上句可转换为：
If you don't take the chance, you will regret it.
请指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分
将下列简单句合并成并列句。
1. I'm interested in English. I hope to be an interpreter in the future.
________________________________________________________________________
2. The English teacher came to me. I was reading the text aloud as other students.
______________________________________________
3. He was very tired. He fell sound asleep.
________________________________________________________________________
4. Li Meng sings well. Li meng dances well.
________________________________________________________________________
5. You should study hard. You'll fail in the exam.
________________________________________________________________________
1. I'm interested in English and hope to be an interpreter in the future.
2. The English teacher came to me while I was reading the text aloud as other students.
3. He was very tired; therefore he fell sound asleep.
4. Not only does Li Meng sing well, but also she dances well.
5. Study hard, or you'll fail in the exam.