2017届英语高三二轮复习：第一板块第1讲课下作业—名词

　　1. (2011·北京石景山高三统一测试)A teacher’s________to education is worth great respect of the whole society because it brings benefits to the development of society.

　　A．devotionB．principle

　　C．identityD．guidance

　　解析　考查名词词义辨析。此处devotion意为：奉献。老师对教育的奉献值得整个社会的的尊重因为它给社会带来发展。

　　答案　A

　　2．(2011·江苏月考)—Where is the plane？I can’t see it.

　　—It went off its________to keep away from the sudden storm.

　　A．road

　　B．course

　　C．flight

　　D．direction

　　解析　句意：——飞机在哪儿？我看不到了。——为了避开突如其来的暴雨，它改变了航线。course(船只或飞行器的)航向，航线。

　　答案　B

　　3．(2011·浙江月考)As a result of heavy snow，the highway has been closed up until further________.

　　A．news

　　B．knowledge

　　C．notice

　　D．message

　　解析　句意：由于大雪，高速公路已被关闭，何时开放另行通知。until further notice直到另行通知。news消息，资讯；knowledge知识；message口信。

　　答案　C

　　4．(2011·温州市高三适应性测试二)At less than $100 this smart and digital camera is good________for money.

　　A．value

　　B．offer

　　C．price

　　D．currency

　　解析　主要考查固定短语搭配。句子中：be good value for money“很划算、合算、物有所值” 。句子译文：这款漂亮的数码相机真的物有所值哦，还不到一百元。

　　答案　A

　　5．(2011·南昌二中高三二诊)— Hello, Jessica! What happened?

　　—I could not hear you clearly because my mobile phone could not receive a good________.

　　A. sign

　　B. signal

　　C. symbol

　　D. mark

　　解析　考查名词的用法。sign“迹象”；signal“信号”；symbol“符号，象征”；mark“痕迹”。根据句子意思，应是手机的信号不好。所以应选B。

　　答案　B

　　6．(2011·山东济南市高三质量调研)David won’t get lost－he has a good________of direction.

　　A. feeling

　　B. idea

　　C. experience

　　D. sense

　　解析　考查名词词义辨析。解题关键：掌握短语a good sense of direction意为：方向感。句意：大卫不会迷路的——他有好的方向感。

　　答案　D

　　7．(2011·浙江温州八校返校联考)I have no________what is in fashion this summer.I bought this dress quite by accident.

　　A．mind

　　B．opinion

　　C．idea

　　D．thought

　　解析　考查名词词义辨析。解题关键：掌握句型have no idea＋同位语从句。

　　答案　C

　　8．(2011·浙江温州八校返校联考)What really________is not failure itself, but the attitude we have towards it.

　　A．matters

　　B．applies

　　C．stresses

　　D．functions

　　解析　考查名词词义辨析。此处matter意为：重要的是；关键的是。

　　答案　A

　　9．(2011·浙江温州十校联考)He had a burning________to win back the teacher’s confidence in him.

　　A．desire

　　B．feeling

　　C．emotion

　　D．impression

　　解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他有一个强烈的愿望赢得老师的信心。

　　答案　A

　　10. Over two thirds of the population were believed to have no ________to the health care in the west rural area in China.

　　A. aid

　　B. basis

　　C. belief

　　D. access

　　解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们认为在中国的西部农村地区超过2/3的人口得不到医疗保健。解题关键：掌握短语have no access to意为：得不到；无法进入。

　　答案　D

　　11. The Education Bureau gave a warning to each school without any________ when the virus of H1N1 hit our city.

　　A. delay

　　B. effort

　　C. schedule

　　D. consideration

　　解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：当H1N1侵袭我们的城市的时候，教育局毫不迟疑的警告各学校。

　　答案　A

　　12．(2011·宁夏银川一中第一次月考)The popular cartoon Mulan is a (an)________of a Chinese poem for children.

　　A．imagination

　　B．plot

　　C．story

　　D．adaptation

　　解析　考查名词词义辨析。此处adaptation意为：改编本。句意：流行卡通片木兰是由儿童诗歌改编而成的。

　　答案　D

　　13．(2011·黑龙江哈师大附中第二次月考)—What would you give me in________for my recorder?

　　—My MP3. Do you agree?

　　A. reward

　　B. turn

　　C. preparation

　　D. exchange

　　解析　考查名词词义辨析。语境：——你愿意拿什么换我的录音机？——我的MP3。你同意吗？此处in exchange for意为：与……交换。

　　答案　D

　　14．(2011·黑龙江哈师大附中第二次月考)—Are you looking for something in________？

　　—No. I’m just having a look.

　　A. totalB. particular

　　C. general

　　D. common

　　解析　考查名词词义辨析。语境：—你在寻找一些特殊的东西吗？—不，我只是看看。此处something in particular意为：特殊的东西。

　　答案　B

　　15．(2011·桂林十八校第一次月考)Obama’s success in presidential election proves that the color of one’s skin shouldn’t be a________to success.

　　A. barrier

　　B. behavior

　　C. battle

　　D. bunch

　　解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意：奥巴马总统竞选成功证明肤色不应该成为成功的障碍。此处barrier意为：障碍。

　　答案　A

　　读写同步加强专栏

　　　读书之法，在循序而渐进，熟读而精思

　　阅读理解

　　For decades, people have been telling each other，“You are what you eat.”However, it doesn’t mean, for example, that if you eat a plant, you become a plant. At least, not for people.

　　For a certain kind of sea slug (海蛞蝓), however, those words are more than just a reminder to eat well. The Elysia chlorotica is a sea slug that looks like a leaf and eats by sucking the insides out of algae(海藻)．These algae, like plants, get their food by using sunlight to help make sugar.

　　At a recent meeting of scientists, a biologist named Sidney K. Pierce reported a surprising observation in these algae­eating sea slugs. Pierce does his research at the University of South Florida in Tampa.

　　Pierce already knew that these sea animals, just like plants, have the right chemical tools to turn sunlight into food. Surprisingly, now he’s learned that sea slugs aren’t simply stealing what they need to do this from algae. They’ve also stolen the recipe for how to make chlorophyll (叶绿素)，a chemical that is vital to the process, and can make chlorophyll themselves. In other words, they have started to behave like their food.

　　“This could be a fusion (融合) of a plant and an animal－that’s just cool，”John Zardus told Science News. Zardus is an invertebrate zoologist at The Citadel in Charleston, S．C.. Invertebrates are animals that don’t have backbones ( like slugs), and zoology is the study of animals.

　　Inside their cells, plants have tiny structures called chloroplasts (叶绿体)．These chloroplasts turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar using sunlight and a chemical called chlorophyll, which is known as photosynthesis (光合作用). Like plants, algae that get eaten by sea slugs also use photosynthesis. When Pierce’s slug eats algae, it separates out chloroplasts. Instead of digesting and excreting (排泄) chloroplasts, the sea slug absorbs them inside its own cells. Pierce and his colleagues already knew that once a sea slug has chloroplasts inside its cells, it can use photosynthesis to make food, which means it may not even have to eat for the rest of its life (about a year)．

　　But the chloroplasts use up the chlorophyll during photosynthesis, and a fresh supply is needed. Where does it come from? One idea was that when an animal absorbed chloroplasts, they came with a lifetime supply of chlorophyll.But as it turns out, that’s not the case with these sea slugs. They have stolen more than just chloroplasts.

　　这是一篇科普文。美国科学家最近发现了软体动物海蛞蝓的一种奇怪的生活习性：它能吸收植物的叶绿体，存入体内，自己进行光合作用，从而获取食物。

　　1．When people say“You are what you eat”，it generally means that ________.

　　A．the nutrition in a person’s diet affects his or her health

　　B．you’ll finally become something if you eat something

　　C．all people must be responsible for their actions

　　D．the diet cures more than the doctor

　　解析　句意理解题。根据下文所举实例可知，此句的意义不是你吃了什么就会变成什么。采用反证法可推知，此句的意义是“人如其食”，即饮食决定健康。

　　答案　A

　　2．We can infer from the text that John Zardus is a scientist who ________.

　　A．gives suggestions on the recipe

　　B．observes the evolution of the plant and animal life

　　C．studies animals without backbones

　　D．does research on the bones of animals

　　解析　推断题。根据短文中的“Invertebrates are animals that don’t have backbones(like slugs)，and zoology is the study of animals.”可知，invertebrates是无脊椎动物，zoology是动物学。由此可以判断John Zardus是一位研究无脊椎动物的科学家。

　　答案　C

　　3．Photosynthesis may be defined as the process of ________.

　　A．removing oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide

　　B．chloroplasts using chlorophyll to make sugar

　　C．digesting and excreting chloroplasts

　　D．absorbing water and sugar from the soil

　　解析　细节题。根据短文中的“These chloroplasts turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar using sunlight and a chemical called chlorophyll...”可知，光合作用就是利用叶绿素和阳光，将二氧化碳和水转化为糖的过程。

　　答案　B

　　4．According to the finding of Pierce and his colleagues, sea slugs, unlike other animals，________.

　　A．can store a lifetime supply of chlorophyll

　　B．never have the function of photosynthesis

　　C．often get eaten by plants like algae

　　D．can make their own chlorophyll

　　解析　细节题。根据短文中第四段中的“and can make chlorophyll themselves.In other words，they have started to behave like their food”和倒数第二段最后的“it can use photosynthesis to make food”可知，海蛞蝓与其他动物的区别是它们能自己制造叶绿素，并利用光合作用来为自己提供食物。

　　答案　D

　　1. I paid him ￡50 for the painting, but its true________must be at least ￡500.

　　A. priceB. money

　　C. value

　　D. importance

　　解析　value 指“价值”。

　　答案　C

　　2. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any________of it.

　　A. explanation

　　B. meaning

　　C. sense

　　D. guess

　　解析　make sense of 意为“明白”、“理解”。比较：make sense 意为“有意义”、“意思清楚”、“有道理”。如下面一题选D：

　　What he told us about the situation simply doesn’t make any________.

　　A. use

　　B. reason

　　C. value

　　D. sense

　　答案　C

　　3. You’ve just missed your ________， and you will have to wait for the next round.

　　A. chance

　　B. turn

　　C. time

　　D. part

　　解析　miss one’s turn 意为“错过机会”，注意下文的．..have to wait for the next round 所表示的语境。

　　答案　B

　　4．—Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well.

　　—It’s no________he always gets the first place in any examination.

　　A. question

　　B. doubt

　　C. problem

　　D. wonder

　　解析　it’s no wonder (＋that从句)的意思是“难怪”，也可说成 No wonder (＋that从句)。

　　答案　D

　　5．—How can I use this washing machine?

　　—Well, just refer to the________.

　　A. explanations

　　B. expressions

　　C. introductions

　　D. directions

　　解析　directions 的意思是“使用说明”，空格前的 refer to 意为“查看”、“参考”。

　　答案　D

　　6. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the________.

　　A. rooms number

　　B. room number

　　C. room’s numbers

　　D. room numbers

　　解析　room 为无生命名词，不用 room’s 这样的所有格形式，在此可直接用名词作定语。类似地，下面一题要选B，也是一样的道理(名词作定语通常用单数不用复数)：

　　The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a ________ yesterday.

　　A. shoes shop

　　B. shoe shop

　　C. shoes’s shop

　　D. shoe’s

　　答案　D

　　7．—Hello, I’d like to speak to Henry.

　　—Oh, which ________？ There are two________in our office.

　　A. Henrys；Henrys

　　B. Henries；Henries

　　C. Henry；Henrys

　　D. Henrys；Henries

　　解析　在通常情况下，专有名词具有“独一无二”性，因此它通常没有复数形式，即不可数。但是，专有名词的独一无二性有时是相对的，随着范围的扩大，这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内，只有一个星期六(Saturday), 一个星期日(Sunday)等，但是在一个月中甚至一年中，便有多个星期六，多个星期日了。所以我们有时可以说：We have spent many happy Sundays there. 我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。另外一点值得注意的是，与一般的名词单数变复数不同，以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的专有名词，其直接加词尾­s，而不将y改为i。

　　答案　C

　　8. Electricity, like other forms of________， has greatly increased in price in recent years.

　　A. pressure

　　B. force

　　C. strength

　　D. energy

　　解析　从常识来考虑，electricity 属于 energy，结合全句的语境，只有D最合适。同样地，下面两题从常识和语境来考虑也应选D：

　　(1) Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas,

　　and other forms of________.

　　A. source

　　B. material

　　C. power

　　D. energy

　　(2) The ________has become extremely tense. A war could break out any time between the two sides.

　　A. pollution

　　B. friendship

　　C. condition

　　D. situation

　　答案　D

　　9. In order to learn the________of the family business, Bill took a job as messenger boy in one of the offices.

　　A. ins and outs

　　B. dos and don’ts

　　C. heads and tails

　　D. p’s and q’s

　　解析　ins and outs 意为“细节”，dos and don’ts 意为“注意事项”，heads or tails 为掷钱币打赌时用语，意为“你赌正面还是赌反面”，p’s and q’s主要用于 mind one’s p’s and q’s，意为“留意自己的言行”。结合句意，选A最合适。

　　答案　A

　　10．—I’ve got an “A” in the examination.

　　—That’s a good________. You will surely win a second.

　　A. result

　　B. news

　　C. start

　　D. idea

　　解析　从语法上看，news 不可选，因为它不可数；从意义上看，D不可选，因为选D意思不通；比较A和C，选C最合适，因为 start与下文的 a second 相吻合。

　　答案　C