淮安中学II部高三英语第二轮专题复习任务型阅读考查的是学生用英语做事、解决实际问题的能力，是典型的语言应用测试。它要比一般阅读题难度要大些，要求考生在阅读完一段材料后，能比较清楚地把握整篇文章的结构，较好地分析作者的观点和意图，并进行准确的表达。考生要能够获得直接信息，分析、总结信息，并转换信息，这有利于考查学生把握文章的篇章结构、综合处理信息的能力。2008年是江苏第一次考查任务型阅读，文章较明显体现了一些牛津英语教材中的一些单词。因为是新题型，出题形式已为广大老师所预估到，有七个单词在原文中可以直接找到，两个稍微变换一下词性，只有第78题case是归纳出来的，所以整体难度不大，考生大多能得8分左右。我们研读《20年考试说明》中关于“任务型阅读”的要求后，发现题型比去年更明确，考生在完成任务型阅读时，要遵循以下步骤。
1、通读。采用速读技巧，快速浏览全文，弄清文章及每段的主旨大意浏览表格，理清文章基本结构。值得注意的是：如果表格前提供了小标题，要特别注意小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了标题有助于理解短文和表格的大意和结构。
2、细读。边读边做，读时留意与题目相关的信息点，适当做记号；做时要及时找到相关段落的对应信息分析整合信息、准确表达。
3、复读。通观全篇，复读检查，注意拼写和词形。
需要注意的是，书写答案时，务必要注意规范，书写工整，特别注意将e和t、a和u、r和v、y和g、w和m这五对字母写清楚，千万不能因为大小写或抄写错误而扣分。另外，还要注意词性的转移和词形的正确使用，如：
1、名词的性、数、格
2、动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词
3、动词的第三人称单数
4、形容词的比较级和最高级
还应注意以下问题。
1、系统复习语法，掌握扎实的基础知识
掌握扎实的英语语言知识是顺利完成阅读任务的基础，特别是有些英语表达与中国人的思维习惯不相同。因此，只有真正掌握了阅读材料中的字、词、句式以及一些字词句的背景知识，才能灵活运用于阅读材料，才能做到成竹于胸。
2、增加阅读量，培养良好的阅读习惯
拓展我们的阅读面，养成英语阅读的习惯。针对不同的阅读材料，使用扫读、略读等不同阅读技巧。淮安中学II部高三英语第二轮专题复习任务型阅读
请认真阅读短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格的空格处里填人最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格填1个单词。The earth’s ocean can reach depths of up to 11,000 metres. That is deep enough to cover Mount Qomolangma! Marine (海洋的) scientists divide the oceans into five zones. Each zone is different mainly as a result of how much sunlight reaches it.
Most of the life in the ocean can be found in the first zone, which begins at the surface and goes down to about 200 metres. Because there is sunlight at this level, plants are able to grow. Marine animals such as dolphins, sharks, sea turtles and sea lions, and of course a variety of fish, live in the sunlight part of the ocean. It is difficult to hide from other animals in the area, but many species have adapted by becoming dark on the top and light on the bottom. This makes it hard to see them against the dark water below and the blue sky above.
The second starts at 200 metres and goes down to about 1,000 metres. Some sunlight can reach this level, but it is not enough for plants to grow. Because this zone is relatively dark, many of the creatures that live here are able to make light with their body. The light from these animals makes the water look like a sky with moving stars in it.
The third zone is dark. This place, about 3,000 metres deep, may not seem a likely habitat (栖息地), but there are more creatures here than one might think. Most of the animals that live here are black or red because of the lack of light. At this depth, a slow shower of what looks like snow is falling. This phenomenon, called “marine snow”, is actually nutrients falling towards the bottom of the ocean. It is source of food for the creatures that live in the deep.
Below 4,000 metres, the temperature is near freezing and there is no light at all. In fact, the zone is so dark and empty that scientists named this zone after the Greek word for “no bottom”. There is not much life to be found in this cold and unpleasant part. But some creatures manage to survive here despite the high water pressure.
The deepest part of the ocean is 2,000 metres further down. At this depth, the water pressure is extremely high and life is very difficult for the few creatures that live here. Compared to the other zones, this one has very little life. Since there is no light here, some animals don’t have eyes. When scientists explored the very deepest parts of the ocean, they did not expect to find any life at all. It turned out that there are creatures as far down as 10,000 metres. They usually survive by living close to deep sea vents, “chimneys” that sent out gases from within the earth.
(71) _______ Conditions Life (75) _______ How do the animal adapt?
Suface
to
200 metres Sunlight, plants Marines, animals and a variety of fish Many species become dark on the top and light on the (78) _______
200-1,000 metres Not
enough
sunlight, relatively dark Many
creatures Many creatures are able to make light with their body. They make the water look like a sky with moving (79)
.
1,000-4,000 metres ( 72 )
_______
of Light;
“marine Snow” More creatures than (76) _______ Most of the animals are black or red.
Below 4,000 metres Dark and empty;
(73)
_______
water pressure Not much life; some small creatures Some small creatures still manage to survive here despite high water pressure.
Below 6,000 metres Extremely high water
pressure ;
Very(74)_______
and very cold. Little life; some animals with (77)
_______ eyes Some creatures survive by living (80) ____ deep sea vents, “chimneys” that send gas from within the earth.
Passage Two
The history of Chinese calligraphy is probably as long as that of China itself. Calligraphy is a special category in China’s world of fine arts. Through the centuries Chinese characters have changed constantly and are mainly divided into five categories today: the seal script (zhuan shu), official script (li shu), regular script (kai shu), running script (xing shu) and cursive script (cao shu).
Calligraphy involves a great deal of theory and requires many skills. Among the most outstanding calligraphers in ancient China were Wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhengqing, and Liu Gongquan, who are known for pioneering their own styles.
In writing calligraphy, one will need a brush, paper, an ink-stick and an ink-stone, commonly referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study”. There are different types of brushes. White-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair and yellow-weasel-hair brushes are the main ones. According to their function, brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft and medium. Brush sticks are usually made of bamboo, wood, or porcelain; ivory or jade sticks are rare and precious.
The ink-stick is a unique pigment used for Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy. The most famous ink-stick is hui mo (Anhui ink stick), made from pines that grow on Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Clean water is needed to grind the ink-stick. Press the ink-stick hard and rub it lightly, slowly and evenly against the ink slab to make thick, liquid-ink.
While paper comes in many varieties, Xuan paper, produced in Xuanzhou (today’s Anhui Province), is considered the best for Chinese calligraphy. The paper is soft and fine textured, suitable for conveying the artistic expression of both Chinese calligraphy and painting. With a good tensile strength and moth-proof quality, the paper can be preserved for a long time.
Ink-stones or ink-slabs have been classified into three categories: Duan, she and Tao. Features common to all three are hardness and fineness. Although the stone is hard and fine, it is not dry or slippery. Using a hard and smooth stone, liquid ink can be produced easily by rubbing the ink-stick against the stone.
By handling the brush and ink skillfully and carefully, the artist can produce an infinite variety of calligraphic styles and forms.
(71)_______of Chinese characters Seal scrip (zhuan shu) Calligraphy is both theoretical and
(73)______. Wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhengqing, and Liu Gongquan are well-known as (74)_______ for their own styles in calligraphy.
(72)_____ script (li shu)
Regular script (kai shu)
Running script (xing shu)
Cursive script (cao shu)
Four (75)_____of the Study
Brush (76)______for the brush White-goat-hair, black-rabbit-hair,or yellow-weasel-hair
In terms of
(77)______ Hard,soft and medium
Stick Bamboo, wood, porcelain, ivory or jade
Ink-stick hui mo
(Anhui ink) Made from pines (78) _______on Huangshan Mountain
Paper
Xuan paper Soft and fine textured;
Can't be easily (79)______ up and damaged by moths.
Ink-stone Duan Common (80)_______: hard and fine, but not dry or slippery
She
Tao
Passage Three
The Group of 20 (G20) leaders met in London last Thursday to talk about their plan to repair the global economy.
Zachary Karabell, an American economist, however, wrote in an article in The Washington Post that they picked the wrong place to hold the meeting.
“G20 heads of state should not be plotting in the shadow of Big Ben. They should be sitting near the Forbidden City, in the meeting halls off Tiananmen Square in Beijing,” he wrote.
The first G20 meeting, last fall, took place in Washington. If the second meeting had been held in Beijing it would have been a clear signal that the Wasington—Beijing relationship is the most important relationship in the world today, Karabell argued.
Other experts share Karabell’s opinion. They think the success of the G20 mostly depends on what China and the US decide upon.
“How they are going to work everything out will be very important in terms of how we get out of the current downturn,” Jonathan Fenby, a British historian and authority on China told China Daily.
Former US national security adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski has also said that the world should focus less on the G20 and more on a “G2” of China and the United States.
For decades, the US has governed the world, but in a few short years China has emerged as the world’s second largest economy, said The Washington Post.
In 2008, before the storm hit, China and the United States were responsible for more than half of all global economic growth. This year, China will probably still grow 8 percent while the US suffers a depression.
In many respects, China and the US have become a single economic system. China has holdings of about $700 billion in US government debt. The US needs the money to survive the financial crisis.
Meanwhile, China needs the US as much as the US needs China. Trade with the United States remains one of the bright spots of China’s economy, as US companies fuel much of China’s domestic economy. From its leading consumer brands-------including Oil of Olay and the hugely popular KFC------to high-end (高端的) industry, China’s development relies on foreign businesses.
Right now, it seems both countries recognize their unique positions and are doing the right things.
Theme
China and the US are expected to
71
the global economy.
Background facts ▲ China has become the world
72
largest economy in recent years.
▲ The two countries were
73
for over half of all global economic growth in 2008.
▲ The USA and China have become a particular economy system.
▲ Washington needs China to
74
the financial storm.
▲ Beijing needs the American high-end technology and markets.
Various views about the 75
to the crisis ● Beijing is the
76
place to hold the G20 conference.
● The world should switch the
77
from G20 to G2.
● Whether the current world can get out of the global financial depression
78
on the decision of the USA and China.
Conclusion ◆
The USA has recognized the unique
79
of China, so has China.
◆ Both sides are strengthening further
80
.
Passage Four
If environmental trends continue on a positive track, some day children may ask, “Mommy, what was pollution?” But between that day and ours stands the environmental problem: global warming. Fighting an artificial greenhouse effect is the greatest of environmental challenges, because the cure will not be possible unless almost every nation on the Earth participates.
Will global warming cause harm? Some computer models suggest the world might warm by 5 degrees or more during this century, which might be dangerous. Melting polar ice could raise sea levels, while global warming might cause more intense storms and disrupt the weather patterns that bring rain to agricultural regions. Computer models are just a guess, of course, but when the farming areas that we all depend upon for food rely on current temperatures, rolling the dice (骰子) with the climate cannot be wise. Yet today the United States has no national law regulating greenhouse gases.
There are methods to reduce global warming. For instance, individuals can make lifestyle changes. Replace an SUV with a regular car; an SUV gives off 100 tons of greenhouse gases over its lifetime, which is far more than a car does. Moderate your use of home heating and air conditioning, most of which is powered by fossil fuels, and upgrade appliances to energy-saving models. Besides, emissions (排放) trading is a good measure. In 1990, rising levels of acid rain were considered an emergency problem. Congress passed an emissions-trading program, which allowed industrial managers to buy and sell permits to emit a limited amount of pollutants that cause acid rain. The acid-rain trading program created a financial motivation to invent technology to reduce acid rain; if a factory or power plant cut its emissions below the limit, it could sell the extra credits at a profit. Once there was money to be made by reducing acid rain, human creativity came into play. The results were spectacular.
Stages of Environment Present Future
We are faced with the greenhouse effect which causes global warming. And if all the people in the world don’t
72
in the fight against it, the problem can’t be solved. If environmental trends continue in a positive way, there will be no
75
.
The possible effects of global warming Possibilities The global temperature might 76
by 5 degrees or more.
Sea levels would be raised.
Weather might turn for the worse.
Attitude towards possible effects However, we can’t try our
77
when it comes to agriculture we rely on to live, and some relative
78
must be made to regulate greenhouse gases.
71
to reduce global warming Changes of individual’s
73
Replacing your vehicles which give off more greenhouse gases.
79 the use of home heating and air conditioning.
Upgrading appliances to energy-saving models.
Emissions trading
74
Allowing
80
a limited amount of pollutants that cause acid rain.
Leading to inventing technology to reduce acid rain.
Passage Five
Homework help
Do math problems 15 through 25. Conjugate (词态变化) the verbs on page 50 of your English workbook. Read pages 12 through 20 of the reading material for Chinese. When you are finished with that, don’t forget to fill in the missing chemical symbols on the Periodic Table worksheet (化学元素周期表).
Sound like a lot of your homework? As you know, homework is a major part of going to school. Luckily, there are several things you can do to make homework less work.
Create a homework plan
Most high school students have between two and three hours of homework a night. If it is a heavy homework day, you may need to devote even more time. It is a good idea to come up with some kind of homework schedule, especially if you are going to do sports or other activities after school.
Watch where you work
A bedroom, study or any room where you can get away from noise and interruption is the best place to get homework done. But don’t study on your comfortable bed or you might fall asleep there.
Get to work
When you start your homework, do the hardest assignments first. It is tempting to start with the easy thing to get it out of the way. But you’ll have the most energy and focus when you begin working. It is best for you to use this mental power on the subjects that are the most challenging. Later, when you’re more tired, you can focus on the simpler things.
Take a break
Most people’s attention spans (跨度) don’t last very long, so take some breaks while doing your homework. Sitting for too long without relaxing will make you less productive than if you stop every so often. Taking a 15-minute break every hour is a good idea for most people.
Get help when you need it
Sometimes even though you are paying attention in class, certain subjects seem too hard. The first place to turn for help is your teacher. He or she may be able to work with you before or after school and explain things more clearly. You may be able to get some help from another student.
However, keep in mind that this might not get you the results you need. Lots of people understand something perfectly but are not able to explain it. Another option is a tutor. The advantage of having a tutor is that it gives you the opportunity to ask questions directly and work at your own pace.
Items Details
Create a homework plan Heavy homework means (71)_________ even more time, so it is a good idea to have a homework (72) _________.
Watch where you work It is necessary for one to get away from noise and interruption and (73) _________ a quiet place such as a bedroom, a (74) _________ or so on.
Get to work When you begin (75) _________, you should do the hardest assignment first because you have the most (76) _________ and focus.
Take a break Sitting too long without relaxing will make one less (77) _________. It is a good idea for most people to have a rest for a (78) _________ every hour.
Get help ◆The first place to turn for help is your teacher.
◆Help from another student may not (79) _________ your needs.
◆A tutor is also a good (80) _________.
Passage Six
Five tips to deal with stress
Stress, the biggest enemy of the modern world! It kidnaps our peace of mind, tortures our evenings, when we return home from work and murders those beautiful moments. But like all enemies, this enemy can also be got rid of!
Put your body in motion.
Moving from the chair to the couch while watching TV is not being physically active! Physical activity is one of the most important ways to keep stress away by clearing your head and lifting your spirits. Physical activity also increases endorphin levels — the natural "feel-good" chemicals.
Laugh Some say that laughter is the best medicine — well, in many cases, it is! Did you know that it takes 15 facial muscles to laugh? Lots of laughing can make you feel good — and, that good feeling can stay with you even after the laughter stops. So, head off stress with regular doses of laughter by watching a funny movie or cartoons, reading a joke book, or even make up your own riddles…laughter can make you feel like a new person! Everyone has those days when they do something really silly or stupid. Instead of getting upset with yourself, laugh out loud! No one's perfect! Life should be about having fun. So, lighten up!
Have fun with friends. Being with people you like is always a good way to get rid of your stress. Get a group together to go to the movies, shoot some hoops, or play a board game — or just hang out and talk. Friends can help you work through your problems and let you see the brighter side of things.
Spill(发泄) to someone you trust. Instead of keeping your feelings bottled up inside, talk to someone you trust or respect about what's bothering you. It could be a friend, a parent, someone in your family, or a teacher. Talking out your problems and seeing them from a different view might help you figure out ways to deal with them. Just remember, you don't have to go it alone!
Lend a hand. Get involved in an activity that helps others. It's almost impossible to feel stressed out when you're helping someone else. It's also a great way to find out about yourself and the special qualities you never knew you had! Signing up for a service project is a good idea, but helping others is as easy as saying hello, holding a door, or volunteering to keep a neighbor's pet. The feeling you will get from helping others is greater than you can imagine!
Remember, you're not alone — everyone has stresses in their lives...it's up to you to choose how to deal with them.
Five tips to deal with stress
Lead in We can get rid of stress.
Tips 1. Being ___71___ active.
To keep stress away.
To
72
endorphin levels.
2. ___73___ up and laughing.
To make you feel good.
To make you feel like a new person.
3. Hanging __ 74__ with friends.
To help you work through your problems.
To make you have a __75___ attitude towards things.
4. Talking to someone you trust.
To help you figure out ways to deal with ___76___.
5. Taking part in an activity that is ____77__ to others.
To find out about yourself.
To feel __78____ than you can imagine.
Conclusion Everyone is under heavy ___79____, and you can choose __80_____ to do with it.
Passage Seven
Telepathy（心灵感应）is the ability to communicate without the use of the five senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste). It's an instinct (本能) which can be woken up in times of emergency or need. When we feel that something is happening or about to happen by instinct, we're using resources within the unconscious mind. When the resources of two persons' unconscious minds link together into the same frequency, we call it Telepathy.
We can either send or receive Telepathy. If you know who is calling before you answer the ringing phone, you are probably a good receiver. If you think of a person and he/she calls you, you are most likely to be better at sending.
You can easily put your abilities to the test. Think of somebody and will him or her to you. Be patient. The other person may not be a good receiver, but they should contact you much earlier than would normally be expected. Or whenever the phone rings, but try “feeling” who is contacting you. Don't guess, but try to feel it with your mind. However, if neither of these work for you, that doesn't mean that you have no ability of telepathy. As mentioned earlier, telepathy is most likely to turn up in case of emergency.
Telepathy dreams often contain telepathic messages. Two people may both dream of the other and find that their dreams had a clear connection. These people are probably linking to each other's unconscious mind.
The more people spend time together, the more likely they are to be able to link up to the other's mind, especially when separated. There are two reasons for this. One is that they understand the other's mind through time spent together; the other is that there is ususlly a strong desire to communicate. A mother will often sense that her child is in danger. This is due to the child's eagerly wanting his or her mother, knowing that this is the person who would always want to be there for them, and the mother's deep desire to protect her child from harm.
Title: Telepathy
Definition Telepathy is what we call when the resources of two persons’ unconscious minds, which we take (71) _____________ of when we foresee something by (72)______________, link together into the same frequency.
A good receiver is someone who knows who is calling before answering the ringing phone. Also, if you think of a person and he or she calls you, you are probably a better (73)_____________.
How to (74)_________ your abilities If you think of somebody and will him or her to get in (75)____________ with you, they should contact you much earlier than (76) ____________ even if he or her may not be a good receiver.
Every time the phone rings, try “feeling” with your mind who is contacting you instead of (77)_____________. However, telepathy doesn’t (78)______________ appear when you hope for it and only in case of emergency is it most likely to turn up.
(79)___________ for a phenomennon The more time they spend together, the more they understand the other’s mind.
Usually, two linked minds are (80)____________ to communicate with each other, which can explain why a mother will often sense her child is in danger.