2017届高考英语一轮复习教案：7.2《Robots》（人教版选修7）

　　Unit 2　Robots

　　教 材 面 面 观

　　单词拓展

　　1.________n．渴望；欲望；渴求　vt.希望得到；想要

　　________adj.想要的；渴望的

　　2．________vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动　n．警报；惊恐

　　________adj.担心的；害怕的

　　3．________n．同情(心)　________adj.同情的，有同情心的

　　4．________n．喜爱，恩惠　vt.喜爱；偏袒　________adj.讨人喜欢的，有利的，造成的

　　5．________n．堆；摞；叠；　vi.堆起，堆积　vt.把……堆起，积聚

　　6．________vt.细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描

　　7．________vt.陪伴；伴奏　________n．伴唱者；伴奏者

　　8．________n．事务；事情；暧昧关系

　　9．________vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称　________n．宣言，宣告

　　10．________vt.忌妒；羡慕　________adj.妒忌的，羡慕的

　　11．________n．全体员工；手杖　________n．职员；报刊编辑人员

　　12．________adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；等级较低的　n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者

　　13．________n．天才；特殊能力；才干　________adj.天资高的；有才能的

　　14．________n．离婚；断绝关系　vt.与……离婚；与……脱离

　　________n．离了婚的人

　　15．________vt. & vi.服从；顺从　________vt. & vi.不服从；违抗　________n．服从；顺从　________adj.服从的；顺从的短语回顾1.test________　试验；考验

　　2．turn________

　　转向；回转

　　3．take sth.________

　　认真对待……

　　4．________aside

　　将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)

　　5．be________to

　　一定做

　　6．ring________

　　给……打电话

　　7．leave...________

　　不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；

　　和……单独在一起

　　8．prevent...________...

　　阻止/防止……

　　9．________ in love with

　　爱上……

　　10．search ________

　　寻找句型背诵1.Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind ________ which he searched for explanations of everything in the present and the past.

　　阿西莫夫既有探索未来世界的非凡想象力，又有寻求现在和过去万物根源的惊人头脑。

　　2．As she turned around, ________ stood Gladys Claffern.

　　当她转身时，她发现格拉迪斯·克拉凡就站在身旁。

　　3．Asimov began having stories ________ in science fiction magazines in 1939.

　　阿西莫夫于1939年起开始在科幻杂志上发表他写的故事。

　　4．...—you cannot________ ________ ________in love with machines.

　　……——总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。

　　5．She shouted“________ ________ ________！”and ran to her bed.

　　她高声嚷着：“让我独自待一会儿！”就跑上床。

　　自我诊断

　　单词拓展

　　1．desire；desirous　2.alarm；alarmed　3.sympathy；sympathetic　4.favour；favourable　5.pile　6.scan

　　7．accompany；accompanist　8.affair　9.declare；declaration　10.envy；envious　11.staff；staffer　12.junior　13.talent；talented　14.divorce；divorcee　15.obey；disobey；obedience; obedient

　　短语回顾

　　1．out　2.around　3.seriously　4.set　5.bound　6.up

　　7．alone　8.from　9.fall　10.for

　　句型背诵

　　1．with　2.there　3.published　4.have women falling

　　5．Leave me alone

　　考 点 串 串 讲

　　重点单词1.satisfaction n．满意，满足，实现

　　She laughed her satisfaction.

　　她以笑表示满意。

　　He complains that his job gives him no satisfaction.

　　他抱怨他的工作不能使他满意。

　　His election was a great satisfaction to all concerned.

　　他的当选于所有有关人士都觉得很满意。

　　●用法拓展

　　to one's satisfaction令某人满意的是

　　with satisfaction满意地

　　satisfy v．满意；使满足

　　We will try our best to satisfy you.

　　我们将尽力使您满意。

　　satisfied adj.感到满意的

　　be satisfied with对某人或某事感到满意

　　We are all satisfied with the final result.

　　我们都对最终的结果感到满意。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　①I am________with the result of the examination；this is a________result to everyone.

　　A．satisfactory；satisfied

　　B．satisfied；satisfactory

　　C．satisfaction；satisfy

　　D．satisfying；satisfactory

　　②________，he won honour for his country at last.

　　A．To my much satisfaction

　　B．To my great satisfy

　　C．Much to my satisfaction

　　D．Great to my satisfy

　　答案：①B　②C

　　2．declare vt.宣布，宣告；声明；断言，宣称；vi.申报

　　He declared that the meeting has been postponed.

　　他宣布会议已延期了。

　　He declared(that)he was right.

　　他力陈他是对的。

　　He should declare at customs.

　　他应该报关。

　　●用法拓展

　　declare against声明反对

　　declare for宣布支持……

　　declare goods报货清单

　　declare war against向(某国)宣战

　　●易混辨析

　　declare与announce

　　declare指公开场合表明对某事物的态度或指官方或权威者公开郑重地宣布某事。

　　announce指公布公众感兴趣的事情，内容有知识性或权威性，如商品、生产、喜讯等消息。即境活用单项填空

　　①We________the arrival of flight AB987 from Tangiers.

　　A．announce　B．declare

　　C．announced

　　D．declared

　　②I________the meeting________.

　　A．declare；close

　　B．declare；closed

　　C．announce；close

　　D．announce；closed

　　答案：①A　②B　

　　3．desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求 vt.想要；希望得到

　　We all desire health and happiness.

　　我们都渴望健康和幸福。

　　She is my heart's desire.

　　她是我心中渴望得到的人。

　　It's impossible to satisfy all their desires.

　　使他们所有的欲望都得到满足是不可能的。

　　●用法拓展

　　desire vt.渴望，希望，想要，后接名词、不定式或从句

　　desire sth.渴望，想要某物

　　desire to do sth.希望做

　　desire sb. to do sth.希望某人做

　　desire that期望……

　　desirable adj.值得要的，令人满意的，称心的

　　He has no desire for wealth.

　　他对财富无欲望。

　　My parents desire me to enter a key university.

　　我父母要我上一所重点大学。

　　They all desired that the matter(should)be discussed further.

　　他们一致希望进一步商讨此事。

　　It's desirable for you to be present.＝It's desirable that you(should)be present.

　　希望你能出席。

　　●易混辨析

　　desire和long

　　①desire指愿望，希望，是一个正式的用语。着重指怀着某种急切的心情，盼望达成某一目的或得到某种东西。一般来说，这种愿望可以实现。有时还表示较为温和的命令，因其本身是及物动词，可直接带宾语。

　　②long意为渴望、极想，侧重表示很难或不可能得到的东西，常构成long to do sth.(极想做某事)或long for sth.(渴望某物)。

　　●温馨提示

　　当desire作动词后接宾语从句，以及desire作名词后接同位语从句或表语从句时，that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，且should可省略。

　　It is desired that this rule(should)be brought to the attention of all the members.

　　要求这一规定必须引起所有成员的注意。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　The people trapped in the ruins desire that rescue teams________here without delay.

　　A．be sent

　　B．is sent

　　C．has been sent

　　D．was sent

　　答案：A

　　4．alarm n．警报；惊恐 vt.使警觉；惊动；使忧虑；使担心

　　●用法拓展

　　be alarmed at/for...被……吓一跳

　　give/raise/sound the alarm发出警报

　　a fire/burglar/security alarm火警装置/防盗警报器/安全警报装置即境活用单项填空

　　①All of us were________to hear that Lily，our company's most valued clerk，should say she would leave the company.

　　A．alarming

　　B．alarmed

　　C．terrified

　　D．satisfied

　　②The doorkeeper gave the________as soon as he saw the smoke.

　　A．warn

　　B．shout

　　C．alarm

　　D．button

　　答案：①B　v．­ed形式的形容词表示“感到……的”；v.­ing形式的形容词表示“令人感到……的”。A.“令人担忧的”；B.“惊恐的，忧虑的”；C.“感到恐惧的”；D.“满意的”。由句意知B项正确。

　　②C　give the alarm“发出警报”。句意为：守门人一看见冒烟就发出了警报。

　　5．favour n．喜爱；恩惠，帮忙；优惠　vt.喜爱；偏袒

　　(1)ask a favour of sb.求人帮一个忙，求人做某事

　　do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙，给某人做件事

　　(2)be in (out of) favour (with)受宠(失宠)，得到(不受)偏爱

　　in favour of赞成，主张

　　in one's favour对某人有利

　　①May I ask a favour of you?

　　请您帮个忙行吗？

　　②Was he in favour of the death penalty?

　　他赞成死刑吗？

　　③Do me a favour and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone, will you?

　　劳驾，我在打电话时把收音机的声音调低点好吗？即境活用单项填空

　　Most of them were ________ my opinion while David was against it.

　　A．in honour ofB．in favour of

　　C．in search of

　　D．in memory of

　　答案：B　

　　6．sympathy n．同情，同情心；赞同，支持

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)have/feel sympathy for sb.对某人有同情心

　　(2)play on one's sympathy利用某人的同情心

　　(3)send/offer one's sympathy to sb.向某人表示慰问

　　(4)in sympathy with支持，赞同

　　(5)have sympathy with同意，支持

　　(6)win sympathy of...博得……的同情

　　(7)out of sympathy出于同情，不赞同

　　①I've a lot of sympathy for her; she brought up the children on her own.

　　我非常同情她，她是独立把孩子们抚养成人的。

　　②She wrote a letter offering her sympathy.

　　她写了一封信去表示慰问。即境活用单项填空

　　People all over the world sent ________ to those who lost their homes in the earthquake.

　　A．attentionB．sympathy

　　C．relief

　　D．expense

　　答案：C　

　　7．envy n. & v．忌妒；羡慕

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)envy sb. (doing) sth.忌妒某人(做)某事

　　(2)be the envy of sb.是令某人羡慕(忌妒)的人/事物

　　(3)be great with envy十分忌妒；非常羡慕

　　(4)out of envy出于忌妒

　　(5)with envy羡慕地；忌妒地

　　(6)be envious of羡慕

　　①He stared with envy at Robert's new car.

　　他羡慕地盯着罗伯特的新汽车。

　　②I envy your ability to work so fast.

　　你能干得这么快，真让我羡慕。

　　●易混辨析

　　envious与jealous

　　(1)envious表示希望拥有他人所有的物品或品质。意为“羡慕的，妒忌的”，不一定带有不满情绪。

　　(2)jealous表示当无法拥有他人拥有的某种东西时而感到生气和不快。还指(男女间的)“吃醋”。名词形式为jealousy。

　　Hank was envious of his neighbour's fancy new lawn mower.

　　汉克羡慕邻居高档别致的新割草机。

　　She is just using him to make her old boyfriend jealous.

　　她只不过是在利用他来使她从前的男友吃醋。即境活用单项填空

　　①I'm in ________ at your making progress ideologically.

　　A．jealous　B．envy

　　C．envious

　　D．jealousy

　　翻译句子

　　②所有邻居都羡慕我们的花园。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　答案：①B

　　②Our garden is the envy of all the neighbours.　

　　8．affair n．事情，事件，(pl.)事务；暧昧关系

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)have an affair with sb.与某人私通；与某人有暧昧关系

　　(2)be sb.'s affair是某人自己的事

　　(3)an expert on foreign affairs外事专家

　　(4)world/international/business affairs世界/国际/商业事务

　　(5)the milk powder gate affair奶粉门事件

　　①The minister is busy with important affairs of state.

　　部长忙于重要国务。

　　②I am not prepared to discuss my financial affairs.

　　我不打算讨论我个人的财务问题。

　　③She's having an affair with her husband's best friend.

　　她和她丈夫最要好的一个朋友有暧昧关系。

　　●易混辨析

　　affair, matter, business与event

　　(1)affair既指一般事情，也指重大事情(这时常用复数)。

　　(2)event多指重大事件。

　　(3)business为不可数名词，常表示“生意；商业事务”。作“事情”讲时，常指有责任、有必要去做的事，往往强调的是任务、职务等指派性的工作。

　　(4)matter常指需要考虑和处理的事情、问题或麻烦事，不强调行动。单数指“事情，问题”，常与the连用；复数指“情况，事态”。

　　That's my affair, not yours.

　　那是我的事，不是你的。

　　My sister's wedding was a big event for my family.

　　我姐姐的婚礼是我家的大事。

　　Let's get down to business at hand.

　　让我们着手处理手头的事吧。

　　What's the matter with you?

　　你怎么了？即境活用单项填空

　　①President Hu Jintao said China and the US have common ________ in Taiwan.

　　A．affairsB．business

　　C．projects

　　D．interests

　　②Young people should concern themselves with state ________.

　　A．business

　　B．matters

　　C．incidents

　　D．affairs

　　答案：①D　②D　

　　9．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏

　　①He accompanied a foreign visitor to the airport (station)．

　　他送外宾去机场(车站)。

　　②Let me ask you to accompany me to the police station.

　　我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)be accompanied by由某人陪同；由……伴奏

　　(2)accompany sb. to sp.陪某人去某处

　　(3)accompany sth. with/by sth.……与……同时存在或发生

　　(4)accompany sb. to do sth.陪某人去做某事

　　(5)company n．陪伴；陪同

　　(6)keep sb. company陪伴某人，和某人做伴

　　①Strong winds accompanied by heavy rain.

　　狂风夹着暴雨。

　　②The singer was accompanied by/on the piano.

　　那位歌手唱歌时是由钢琴伴奏的。

　　●温馨提示

　　accompany本身就有“陪同去……”的意思，所以一般不再和动词go连用，即不能用于accompany sb. to go to...

　　[误]Our teacher accompanied us to go to the park.

　　[正]Our teacher accompanied us to the park.

　　我们的老师陪我们一同去了公园。即境活用单项填空

　　Premier Wen Jiabao visited the Red Square ________ by Russian President Putin.

　　A．accompanying

　　B．accompanied

　　C．attending

　　D．attended

　　答案：B　

　　重点短语

　　1.ring...up给……打电话

　　①He rang up the police station for help.

　　他给警察局打电话求助。

　　②I rang up the theatre to book seats for tonight.

　　我给剧院打电话预定今晚的座位。

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)ring sb. up表示telephone sb.意为“给……打电话”。其中up为副词，如宾语为代词，应放之前；宾语为名词放前后皆可。

　　(2)同义词组：call sb.(up)打电话给某人；make a telephone call to sb.或telephone/phone sb.打电话给某人；give sb. a ring/phone call打电话给某人

　　(3)相关词组：

　　ring for打电话要

　　ring back回电话给(某人)；回电话

　　ring off＝hang up挂断电话；放下电话

　　hold on＝hang on别挂断电话

　　Could you ring me up here as soon as he arrives?

　　他一到你就给我打电话好吗？即境活用单项填空

　　I was about to ________ the phone when it was ________ last night.

　　A．reply; rung offB．receive; rung up

　　C．answer; rung off

　　D．answer; rung up

　　答案：C　

　　2．reach for伸出……以触及

　　The soldier reached for his gun.

　　那名士兵伸手去拿枪。

　　Don't wish to reach for the moon; do something practical.

　　别痴心妄想，做点实际的事。

　　The lawbreaker was overpowered before he could reach for his knife.

　　那个违法分子没来得及伸手拿刀就已被制服了。

　　●归纳延伸

　　reach (one's hand) for sth.伸手去够某物

　　reach sth.够到某物

　　within one's reach能够到的范围

　　beyond/out of one's reach在某人够不到的范围即境活用单项填空

　　The little child ________ the apple on the tree, but it's too high for him to ________ it.

　　A．reached for; reach　B．reached; reach for

　　C．reached; reach

　　D．reached for; reach for

　　答案：A　

　　3．carry out执行，贯彻；完成，实现

　　He carried out the plan in very detail.

　　他一丝不苟地执行那项计划。

　　They also carry out experiments.

　　他们还进行实验。

　　They carried out their plan without difficulty.

　　他们顺利地完成了计划。

　　●用法拓展

　　carry about/around随身带，携带

　　carry away拿走，带走，搬走

　　carry back送回；使回想；使陷入回忆

　　carry on经营，从事，忙于；(非正)继续进行即境活用单项填空

　　①We must try to________as if nothing had happened.

　　A．carry out

　　B．carry about

　　C．carry on

　　D．carry back

　　②Be sure to________your passport________with you whenever you leave the hotel.

　　A．carry；out

　　B．carry；about

　　C．carry；on

　　D．carry；back

　　③Kirk did not________his promise to us.

　　A．carry out

　　B．carry about

　　C．carry on

　　D．carry back

　　答案：①C　②B　③A　

　　4．leave...alone不理，不管(惹)，不烦扰，不干涉

　　She wants to think things out quietly，so we had better leave her alone.

　　她要安静地考虑一下，我们最好别打扰她。

　　You shouldn't leave a baby alone in the house.

　　你不应该把一个婴儿单独留在家里。

　　●用法拓展

　　leave about/around乱扔，乱放

　　leave aside搁置，不考虑

　　leave behind忘带，留下；丢弃；使落后

　　leave out遗漏，省略，删去；未顾及，忽略即境活用单项填空

　　①I hope you won't________this excellent material________.

　　A．leave；alone

　　B．leave；out

　　C．leave；behind

　　D．leave；aside

　　②Don't________her________to sweep up after the party.

　　A．leave；alone

　　B．leave；out

　　C．leave；behind

　　D．leave；aside

　　③The young athlete soon________the others far________.

　　A．left；alone

　　B．left；out

　　C．left；behind

　　D．left；aside

　　答案：①B　②A　③C　

　　5．test out考验

　　The new machine hasn't been tested out.

　　这台新机器还没有测试。

　　The beauty products have not been tested out.

　　这种美容产品还没有被实验。

　　●用法拓展

　　test on在……上做试验

　　test for检测，探讨

　　carry out执行，实施

　　turn out证明是；生产；出来

　　put out熄灭；出版

　　let out泄露；放出，发出

　　set out着手；开始

　　find out找出

　　try out试验

　　figure out合计；计算出

　　break out发生；爆发

　　I'd better have my eyes tested.

　　我该去检查视力了。

　　I was still sleeping when the fire broken out，and then it spread quickly.

　　当火灾发生的时候，我正在睡觉，大火迅速蔓延开来。即境活用单项填空

　　The engineers________the new product to see whether it's applicable.

　　A．examined

　　B．inspected

　　C．investigated

　　D．tested

　　答案：B

　　6．turn around转向；回转

　　He turned around and faced her.

　　他转身面向着她。

　　The speaker was clever enough to turn my question around so that it sounded foolish.

　　演讲者聪明地把我的问题转换了，使它听起来很愚蠢。

　　●用法拓展

　　turn around＝turn about转过脸/身去

　　turn around还可表示“倒转；逆转；彻底转变”。

　　常见和turn搭配的短语：

　　turn on/off打开/关上

　　turn away把……打发；走开，离开；转过脸去

　　turn down关小，调低；拒绝

　　turn up开大(声音)；到达，来到

　　turn to转到，翻到；求助于，求救于

　　turn out(to be)结果是，(最后)证明是

　　turn against背叛；(情况等)对……不利

　　turn back折回，翻回到

　　turn from side to side(把身体)转过来转过去

　　turn in转入；上缴

　　turn into进入；变成

　　turn over(使)打翻；反复考虑

　　turn the corner(沿街角)拐弯；转危为安

　　The famous player turned matches around in less than half an hour.

　　那位球星不到半小时就把比分翻了过来。

　　After I met him，my whole life turned around.

　　遇到他以后，我的整个生活彻底改变了模样。即境活用单项填空

　　①That was a poor piece of work you________，I could hardly believe it is yours.

　　A．turned into

　　B．turned off

　　C．turned to

　　D．turned in

　　②Lei Feng is always ready to help others when they are in trouble and he never________their request.

　　A．turns up

　　B．turns over

　　C．turns in

　　D．turns down

　　答案：①D　②D　

　　重点句式

　　1.By the amused and surprised look on her face，Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair.

　　从格拉蒂斯脸上那有趣而又惊讶的神情来看，克莱尔知道，格拉蒂斯认为她有风流韵事。

　　(1)amused and surprised是过去分词，用作定语修饰look。

　　There is a concerned look on the teacher's face.

　　老师脸上带着关切的神情。

　　Look at his disappointed eyes.He must have failed the interview.

　　看他失望的眼神。他一定没通过面试。

　　(2)affair(尤指关系不长久的)风流韵事，丑闻

　　She is having an affair with her husband's best friend.

　　她正与丈夫的好友私通。即境活用单项填空

　　①He was left standing there，________.

　　A．disappointed and annoying

　　B．feeling disappointing and annoying

　　C．disappointed and annoyed

　　D．feeling disappointing and annoyed

　　②The________between the two film stars caused a scandal.

　　A．affair

　　B．business

　　C．matter

　　D．event

　　答案：①C　②A　

　　2．The clock struck eight.

　　钟表敲打八点钟报时。

　　strike (struck, struck)在此译为“敲响；报时”。

　　I didn't hear the clock strike.

　　我没有听到报时钟声。

　　strike还有其他含义，如“打，击；攻击，袭击；侵袭；(突然)出现于(某人的)脑海中；给……以(深刻)印象；罢工”。

　　Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。

　　As I watched them, an idea struck me.

　　我看着他们时，产生了一个想法。

　　His enthusiasm for study struck his teacher favourably.

　　他勤奋学习的热情给老师留下了良好的印象。

　　n．罢工(课，市)

　　●易混辨析

　　strike, beat与hit

　　strike v．敲响，报时；打，击；攻击，袭击；侵袭；(突然)出现于(某人的)脑海中；给……以(深刻)印象；罢工

　　beat v．(心脏)等跳动；抽打；打败；有节奏的敲打

　　hit v．打，打击；碰撞； n．成功而风行一时的事物即境活用单项填空

　　①The boy was hit ________ head heavily by the ball.

　　A．on hisB．on the

　　C．in his

　　D．in the

　　②Everyone present was ________ by his enthusiasm.

　　A．hit

　　B．beat

　　C．knocked

　　D．struck

　　③Outside the rain is ________ against the window.

　　A．hitting

　　B．striking

　　C．beating

　　D．knocking

　　答案：①B　②D　③C　

　　3．I wonder how they could actually make a robot seem as if he had emotions.

　　我很想知道他们怎么能使一个机器人看起来好像是有情感的。

　　as if“好像，仿佛”。常放在look, sound, smell, feel, seem等词的后面。

　　The kitchen smells as if something is burning in it.

　　厨房里好像有什么东西烧着了。

　　Tom sounds as if he has a cold.

　　汤姆听起来好像是感冒了。

　　有时as if引导的从句表达的内容与事实不相符，则用虚拟语气。

　　Don't treat me as if I were a child.

　　不要把我当小孩子对待。即境活用单项填空

　　They know each other as if they ________ friends for many years.

　　A．areB．have been

　　C．were

　　D．had been

　　答案：D　

　　4．As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.

　　当她转身时，她发现格拉迪斯·克拉凡就站在身旁。

　　there stood...为倒装结构。在there后面如果有表示存在的动词，如seem, stand, lie, exist, live等，往往用倒装结构。

　　①There seems no one in the house.

　　这间房子里好像没有人。

　　②Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman.

　　从前有一个老渔夫。

　　③There lies a chemical works by the river.

　　河边有一座化工厂。

　　④There stands an old temple on top of the hill.

　　山顶上有一座古庙。

　　●用法拓展

　　句子谓语动词是go, come, run等表示位置转移的动词和be动词，且句中又有表示方位的副词there, here, up, down, in, out, away等，为强调该副词，可将副词置于句首，若这时主语是名词，则主谓全部倒装；若为代词，则不倒装。

　　①Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。

　　②Away went John.约翰离开了。

　　③The door opened and in came Miss Smith.

　　门开了，史密斯小姐走了进来。

　　④There goes the bell.铃响了。

　　⑤Here it is.在这儿。

　　⑥Away he went.他走了。即境活用单项填空

　　Look! ________.

　　A．Here your teacher comes

　　B．Comes here your teacher

　　C．Your teacher comes here

　　D．Here comes your teacher

　　答案：D　

　　5．Claire thanked Tony，telling him that he was a “dear”．

　　克莱尔感谢托尼，说他非常可爱。

　　telling him that he was a “dear”是现在分词短语，在句中作状语。

　　●用法拓展

　　现在分词作状语时，句子中的主语为现在分词的执行者，而过去分词作状语时，句子中的主语为动作的承受者。现在分词可作表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件和结果的状语。这些表示时间、原因、条件的分词或分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。

　　Passing by the house，he saw a girl playing the piano.

　　他经过那所房子时，看到一个女孩在弹钢琴。(Passing by the house相当于：When he was passing by...)即境活用单项填空

　　________such heavy loss，the businessman didn't have the courage to go on.

　　A．Having suffered

　　B．Suffering

　　C．To suffer

　　D．Suffered

　　答案：A

　　6．...—you cannot have women falling in love with machines.

　　……——总不能让女人和机器相爱吧。

　　这句话的结构是“have＋n.＋doing”，have的意思是cause(sb. to do)，它与“have＋n.＋do”结构的意思有时略有不同，前者讲的是过程，后者叙述的是当时的情况。

　　As soon as I got there，I tried to have John find me a house.

　　我一到那里就试着让约翰给我找个房子。

　　She had us all laughing at her jokes.

　　她的笑话让我们大笑。

　　●用法拓展

　　①在“have＋n.＋doing”结构中，如果have用作否定时，其意思为not permit or allow。

　　②“have＋n.＋to do”表示“有什么事情需要做”。

　　I can't have you going everywhere and doing nothing all day.

　　我不能让你整天无所事事地东游西荡。

　　The professor has an extraordinary way to make his class lively and interesting.

　　这个教授有特殊的办法使他的课一直生动有趣。

　　He said he had nothing to be afraid of.

　　他说他什么都不怕。

　　7．Asimov began having stories published in science fiction magazines in 1939.

　　阿西莫夫于1939年起开始在科幻杂志上发表他写的故事。

　　having stories published是使役动词have的复合结构。

　　●用法拓展

　　在“have＋名词/代词＋过去分词”这一结构中，have通常有三种不同意义：

　　(1)指有意识的行为时have作“使得、让”解，等于get，过去分词动作的执行者可能不是句子的主语，也可能有句子的主语参与。

　　(2)指无意识的行为时have作“受到、遭受”解，表示一种经历。过去分词动作的执行者不是句子的主语。相反，主语受到这种动作的影响。

　　(3)表示通常意义的“有”。

　　①I usually have my clothes washed on Sundays. I don't wash my clothes myself.

　　我通常在星期天洗衣服，但不是自己洗。

　　②They are having their house painted.

　　他们正在请人油漆房屋。

　　③The park had everything robbed of in the war.

　　战争中，公园被洗劫一空。

　　④Brown has hardly any money saved for his old age.

　　布朗几乎不存钱养老。

　　⑤He had his experiment report all written out neatly.

　　他把实验报告写得清清楚楚。

　　●特别提醒

　　(1)have sth. done意为“让别人做某事”，过去分词作补语，表示被动关系。

　　(2)类似词组：get sth. Done即境活用完成句子

　　①I've just had some new photos ________(拍照)．

　　②He had four copies of the paper ________ (打印)in black.

　　③I intended to have my son ________(受教育) in England.

　　答案：①taken　②typed　③educated　

　　知 能 层 层 练

　　一、单项填空

　　1．My English teacher is really very kind.I'll never forget the________he has done me.

　　A．favourB．deed

　　C．help

　　D．value

　　答案：A

　　解析：本题考查do sb.the favour的用法，意为“帮某人忙”，该题中the favour与其后的定语从句中的do构成搭配。

　　2．There are________to be changes when the new education system is introduced.

　　A．necessary

　　B．easy

　　C．bound

　　D．probably

　　答案：C

　　解析：be bound to do sth.“一定做某事”，为固定搭配。

　　3．She tries to________some money every month to support her son to go to college.

　　A．set apart

　　B．set aside

　　C．put out

　　D．put back

　　答案：B

　　解析：set aside“留出”。

　　4．Tomorrow he is to________a group of American artists on a tour of the city.

　　A．associate

　　B．cooperate

　　C．accompany

　　D．coordinate

　　答案：C

　　解析：accompany“陪伴”，符合题意。associate“联系”；cooperate“合作”；coordinate“协调”。

　　5．Do you know that every man here________you your freedom to do or say what you want?

　　A．envies

　　B．admires

　　C．appreciates

　　D．enjoys

　　答案：A

　　解析：有随心所欲说想说的话，做想做的事的自由，这确实让人羡慕。envy sb.sth.“羡慕某人某物”为固定搭配。

　　6．What can I do to smooth________the difficulties？Can you think of a good idea?

　　A．away

　　B．down

　　C．over

　　D．into

　　答案：A

　　解析：smooth away“消除(问题)；克服(困难)”，其宾语通常是difficulty，misunderstanding等名词。smooth down“使……平坦/平滑”；smooth over“缓和；调解”；smooth into...“均匀涂抹于……”。

　　7．Being extremely angry，the boy________and went out，saying nothing.

　　A．turned up

　　B．turned in

　　C．turned off

　　D．turned around

　　答案：D

　　解析：turn around“转向；回转”，此处意为“转身”。turn up“出现；露面”；turn in“上交”；turn off“关掉”。

　　8．Selling fried chicken at the night market doesn't seem to be a decent business，but it is actually quite________.

　　A．plentiful

　　B．precious

　　C．profitable

　　D．productive

　　答案：C

　　解析：profitable“盈利的，有利可图的”，符合题意。plentiful“充裕的”；precious“珍贵的”；productive“多产的”。

　　9．In 1939，Hitler________war against Poland，which started the Second World War.

　　A．announced

　　B．broadcast

　　C．declared

　　D．advertised

　　答案：C

　　解析：declare war against...“对……宣战”，为固定搭配。

　　10．As we all know，the snakes and frogs are________and they hibernate in winter.

　　A．warm­hearted

　　B．warm­blooded

　　C．cold­blooded

　　D．bright­coloured

　　答案：C

　　解析：cold­blooded“冷血的”。warm­hearted“热心的，热诚的”；warm­blooded“热血的；热烈的”；bright­coloured“颜色鲜亮的”。

　　二、选用合适的短语，并用其适当形式填空。

　　1．take it easy, take on a new look, take advantage of

　　①Language students should ________ modern facilities for constant language practice.

　　②Hey, ________！ Nobody's saying you're not good at your job.

　　③Our country has indeed undergone rapid development and ________.

　　2．set aside, set down, set out, set up, set about

　　①Johnson ________ decorating their new house in blues and yellows.

　　②He was asked to ________ the facts just as he remembered them.

　　③I ________ my overcoat and took out my summer clothes.

　　④After dinner, Candida ________ for the supermarket to buy some chocolate.

　　⑤A lot of tall buildings have been ________ in Beijing in the past three years.

　　3．turn around, turn to, turn out

　　①The bus was so full that I could hardly ________.

　　②It was a difficult time, but eventually things ________ all right.

　　③Don't hesitate to ________ us if you are in difficulty.

　　答案：1.①take advantage of　②take it easy　③taken on a new look

　　2．①set about　②set down　③set aside　④set out　⑤set up

　　3．①turn around　②turned out　③turn to

　　三、根据所给提示完成下列句子

　　1．Fortunately, the fire was discovered ________________________________(刚着了不久)．(soon after)

　　2．It is ____________________________(不如说更像一场儿戏)than a real issue of life and death.(more...than)

　　3．Jane went on her way singing, and ________________________________(她的歌喉好像赛过了)that of a bird.(it seemed as if)

　　4．________________________________(他尽力让自己相信)he was eager to see her.(persuade oneself that)

　　5．George, I ______________________________________(不允许你那样对我大吵大叫)！(not have sb. doing sth.)

　　答案：1.soon after it (had) started

　　2．more like a children's game

　　3．it seemed as if her voice was lovelier/better than

　　4．He tried to persuade himself that

　　5．won't have you shouting at me that way

　　语 法 路 路 通

　　高考语法专题十三　名词性从句

　　知识清单

　　一、名词性从句注意的几个问题

　　1．名词性从句的引导词有连词that, whether, if；连接代词what, which, who, whom, whoever, whatever等；连接副词where, when, why, how等。

　　2．名词性从句中要用陈述句语序。

　　3．通常宾语从句中的时态要与主句谓语动词的时态保持一致。

　　4．主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that而不用why或because。

　　5．有多个that引导的从句时，只有第一个that可以省略；that引导名词性从句且置于句首时，不能省略。

　　6．doubt等词后若是肯定句则用whether或if引导，若是否定句则用that引导。

　　7．同位语从句之前的名词多为表示抽象概念的fact, belief, idea, suggestion等，从句说明名词的具体内容。

　　二、what和that在名词性从句中的用法比较

　　8．what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语，意义上相当于the thing(s) that。引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数依句意而定。

　　9．that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接词的作用，无任何意义。引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，谓语动词用单数。

　　三、whether和if在名词性从句中的用法比较

　　whether和if在宾语从句中一般可以互换，但在以下情况中只能用whether不能用if。

　　10．引导宾语从句、宾语从句在介词之后或在discuss后作宾语时。

　　11．引导主语从句或置于句首时。

　　12．后面直接接or not时。

　　13．引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容时。

　　14．后紧跟不定式时。

　　15．引导表语从句，表示“是否”时。

　　四、主语从句和宾语从句有时常用it作形式主语或宾语

　　16．it作形式主语的常用结构：

　　①It＋系动词＋名词＋that从句

　　②It＋系动词＋形容词＋that从句

　　③It＋特殊动词＋that从句

　　④It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句

　　17．it作形式宾语的常用结构：

　　①主语＋谓语＋it＋从句

　　②主语＋谓语＋介词＋it＋从句

　　③主语＋谓语＋it＋形容词＋从句

　　④主语＋谓语＋it＋名词＋从句

　　⑤主语＋谓语＋it＋过去分词＋从句

　　专题专练1.(2010·重庆卷)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions ________ had used the products.

　　A．whoeverB．who

　　C．whichever

　　D．which

　　答案：A

　　解析：考查连词。whoever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于anyone who。

　　2．(2010·上海卷)When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know ________.

　　A．he is entering which lane

　　B．which lane he is entering

　　C．is he entering which lane

　　D．which lane is he entering

　　答案：B

　　解析：考查宾语从句，从句中要用陈述句语序。

　　3．(2010·上海卷)One reason for her preference for city life is ________ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.

　　A．that

　　B．how

　　C．what

　　D．why

　　答案：A

　　解析：考