课时作业(四) [必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes]
[限时：30分钟]
Ⅰ.多项选择
1．Our hunt for a cheaper but larger house is at last ________.
A．at the end
B．on end
C．in the end
D．at an end
2．Hearing her only son killed in the accident，the old woman ________ her face in her hands and cried.
A．bent
B．sheltered
C．buried
D．trapped
3．Due to the aging water supply facilities and poor management, waste of water is ________ severe in the city.
A．slightly
B．basically
C．extremely
D．narrowly
4．A party was held ________ the heroes who had helped save thousands of lives in the big earthquake.
A．in time of
B．in honor of
C．in danger of
D．in place of
5．Nowadays some protective parents want to________their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A．spot
B．dismiss
C．shelter
D．distinguish
6．This book gives a brief ________ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall.
A．outline
B．reference
C．article
D．outlook
7．Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine.
A．relief
B．safety
C．defense
D．shelter
8．His sudden ________ of violent anger put an unpleasant end to the meeting.
A．break
B．burst
C．attack
D．express
9．Nowadays，people usually think if you enter a key university，you are your parents' ________.
A．pride
B．luck
C．value
D．cheer
10．She was a very good wife and a very careful mother: she looked after her children unceasingly and was ________ attached to her husband.
A．extremely
B．fluently
C．officially
D．sincerely
Ⅱ.完形填空
The Foreign Ministry on May 19,2008 opened a book of condolences(吊唁簿) for foreign diplomats(外交官) to express their sympathies for the __11__ of the Sichuan earthquake. It__12__ open for three days, until the __13__ of the national mourning(全国哀悼).
Ambassadors and diplomats __14__ more than 150 countries and international organizations on May 19,2008 __15__ to sign the book and __16__ their heads at a mourning board.
The diplomats also expressed their __17__ for the Chinese government, the PLA and the Chinese people
in __18__ the disaster.
Coffie Alain N. Papatchi, the Ivory Coast's ambassador to China, was the first __19__ the book of condolences，__20__ Jorge Eugenio Guajardo Gonzalez, the Mexican ambassador, led embassy__21__ in paying their respects.
Nirupama Rao, the Indian ambassador，__22__ arrived back in Beijing
after __23__ quakehit areas, was also __24__.
Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi __25__ the visitors and expressed his __26__ for their friendship and support.
The foreign ministry's overseas __27__ also on May 19,2008 opened books of condolences and flew the Chinese flag at halfmast.
As of May 18,2008, the leaders of 166 countries and heads of more than 30 international organizations had offered
__28__ condolences(哀悼) to China.
As well as sending __29__ teams to the country, the international community has
__30__ $246 million by May 20,2008.
11．A.victims B．people
C．soldiers
D．wounded
12．A.left
B．maintained
C．expanded
D．remained
13．A.permission
B．decision
C．conclusion
D．celebration
14．A.off
B．in
C．from
D．to
15．A.signed up
B．lined up
C．made up
D．stood up
16．A.bowed
B．lifted
C．shook
D．hit
17．A.desire
B．respect
C．understanding
D．support
18．A.connecting with
B．dealing with
C．arguing with
D．beginning with
19．A.to design
B．to resign
C．to sign
D．to respect
20．A.while
B．when
C．as
D．for
21．A.crew
B．team
C．faculty
D．staff
22．A.which
B．who
C．that
D．whom
23．A.visiting
B．describing
C．rescuing
D．scanning
24．A.consistent
B．absent
C．present
D．content
25．A.received
B．made
C．led
D．directed
26．A.attitude
B．altitude
C．latitude
D．gratitude
27．A.organizations
B．government
C．country
D．missions
28．A.our
B．their
C．his
D．her
29．A.chief
B．belief
C．relief
D．brief
30．A.made
B．donated
C．gave
D．collected
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Nuclear radiation from power plant leaks and bomb tests resulted in millions of fewer baby girls born worldwide, according to a new study.
Scientists noted these types of atmospheric blasts rather than ontheground incidents like Chernobyl(切尔诺贝利), effected birth gender across the globe.
Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, analysed population data from 1975 to 2007 for the U．S. and 39 European countries.
There was an increase in the number of baby boys relative to girls in all of the countries from 1964 to 1975. This was the case in many eastern European countries for several years after 1986.
Scientists are putting the first spike down to the atomic bomb tests of the 1960s and 1970s where radioactive atoms were blasted into the atmosphere. Air currents caught these atoms and then distributed them around the world.
They think the second spike is due to the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in which the reactor exploded in the Ukraine(乌克兰)．
The effects of Chernobyl were felt locally and no effect was seen in the U．S., probably because it was too far from the disaster to have an effect.
“The closer the country was to Chernobyl, the stronger the effect，” said study coauthor Hagen Scherb, a biostatistician(生物统计学家) at the German Research Center for Environmental Health in Munich.
More males were born relative to females in Belarus—the Ukraine's neighbour—than in France.
The study is based largely on Cold Warera statistics, but the findings are highly relevant for how gender could be affected after future nuclear disasters.
And in the wake of Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident experts are predicting another baby boy boom could come, especially on the U．S. West Coast.
Previous radiation experiments on animals may give a clue for the increase in male births. Tests showed that radiation caused damage to the X chromosome(染色体) in sperm, Dr Scherb said.
A human sperm cell contains either an X or Y chromosome, while an egg only has an X chromosome. An XY combination will become a boy, while an XX combination will be a girl.
31．How many nuclear radiation accidents are mentioned in the passage?
A．1.B．2.C．3.D．4.
32．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．The ontheground incidents like Chernobyl, effected birth gender across the globe.
B．There was an increase in the number of baby boys in many eastern European countries for several years after 1986.
C．The Japan's nuclear accident will not effect the birth gender of the U．S. because of the long distance.
D．Where radioactive material has spread, women can't give birth to children.
33．How does radiation effect birth gender?
A．It damages the Y chromosome in sperm.
B．It stops X chromosomes and Y chromosomes combining.
C．It kills baby girls before they are born.
D．It damages the X chromosome in sperm.
34．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．Nuclear age has led to millions of fewer baby girls being born.
B．Nuclear radiation has bad effects upon people's health.
C．Worries about radiation risks.
D．Nuclear age helps reduce the world population.
Ⅳ.完成句子
阅读下列各小题，根据每句后的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。
35．She treats him as if ____________________. (stranger)
她对待他就仿佛他是个陌生人一样。
36．Two thirds of his money ____________________ poor people up till now. (give)
到目前为止，他三分之二的钱都给了穷人。
37．____________________， they were warmly welcomed. (everywhere)
每到一处，他们都受到了热烈的欢迎。
38．It's well known that ____________________ naughty. (all)
众所周知，并非所有的孩子都很调皮。
39．Workers built shelters for survivors ________________. (destroy)
工人们为那些家被毁了的幸存者修建避难所。
40．Is this the young man ____________________ trapped under the ruin? (save)
这就是那位救出了好几个被困在废墟下的人的小伙子吗？
41．The house ____________________ is not large. (live)
我们居住的那所房子不大。
42．________ numerous passersby, Yue Yue, the 2yearold girl, left the cold world after a hitandrun accident in Foshan, Guangdong. (ignore)
在广东佛山肇事逃逸事故后，悦悦，这个被无数路人漠视的两岁的小女孩离开了这个冰冷的世界。
43．____________________ he has learned by heart a speech written by someone else. (if)
看上去好像他背诵了一篇别人写的演讲稿。
44．I have eaten all the food ____________________. (leave)
我把剩下的食物全吃了。
答案
课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.1.D 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们想寻找一幢便宜些但要大些的房子的事终于有了结果。at an end结束，终止，完结；at the end of…在……末尾；in the end最后，最终，结果；on end竖立着，连续不断。句中有at last，故排除C项。
2．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：听到她唯一的儿子在事故中丧生，老妇人顿时用手掩面而泣。bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面。
3．C 考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于供水线路老化和管理不善，该市浪费水的现象极为严重。extremely极其，非常；slightly轻微地；basically基本地；narrowly勉强地。
4．B 考查介词短语辨析。句意：为了纪念在大地震中为帮助挽救数以千计的人的生命而牺牲的英雄举办了这次晚会。in honor of…为了纪念……
5．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当今社会父母对孩子的呵护意识极强，他们试图想保护孩子们不受到任何真实的或虚幻的伤害。shelter此处用做动词，意为“保护，庇护”。spot弄脏，认出，发现，定位；dismiss开除，使解散；distinguish区别。
6．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书提供了一个简要的关于城堡历史的提纲和大厅里艺术藏品的详细介绍。outline概要，轮廓；give an outline of概要说明，描绘……的轮廓。
7．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。A符合句意，relief缓解，减轻，解除。 safety安全，保险；defense防御，防护；shelter掩蔽，保护。
8．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的突然发怒使会议不欢而散。burst在这里强调的是感情的突然释放或迸发。干扰项express作名词用时，意思是“快车，快递”，没有“表达”之意。
9．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，人们通常认为如果你考入一所重点大学，你就是父母的骄傲。pride骄傲；luck运气；value价值；cheer欢呼。
10．D 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她是位地道的贤妻良母：她不停不歇地照顾自己的子女，诚挚地爱自己的丈夫。sincerely意为“真挚地”。
Ⅱ.汶川地震发生后，来自世界150多个国家的驻华使节和国际组织代表陆续抵达外交部，在吊唁簿上签名留言，向中国政府和人民表示深切同情和诚挚慰问，对地震中的罹难者表示沉痛哀悼，还表达了他们对中国政府、军队以及中国人民对抗震救灾的支持。我驻外使馆也开展了一系列悼念活动。除了慰问外，国际组织还进行了捐款。
11．A 由上文的“a book of condolences(吊唁簿)”和下文的“the national mourning(全国哀悼)”可以看出，这里要表达的意思是：各国外交使节到外交部对地震中的罹难者表示沉痛哀悼。victim意思是“牺牲者，罹难者”。the wounded(受伤者)有很大的干扰性，但不符合上下文语境。
12．D remain和形容词连用，意思是“保持某个状态”，强调继续停留于一处或保持原状态。而最大的干扰项是maintain “维持；保持；使继续”，但该词是及物动词，后面要加宾语。
13．C conclusion用作名词，意思是“结束”。外交部举行的此次悼念活动将持续三天，直到全国哀悼日结束为止。如果不注意一词多义现象，忽略了conclusion还可以指“结束”，就很容易误选其他选项。
14．C 句意为：来自150多个国家和国际组织的大使及外交官……from意思是“来自……”。
15．B 150多个国家和国际组织的驻华使节排队在留言簿上签名，表达他们的哀悼之情。所以只有line up “排成行，排成列”符合语境。sign up “签约”； make up “编造”； stand up “起立”。
16．A 这里要表达的意思是，这些外交官员，向我们的遇难同胞低头致哀。bow one's head意思是“向……低头”。
17．D support “支持，支援”。这些外交官还表达了他们对中国政府、军队以及中国人民处理灾难的支持。understanding(理解，了解)有很大的干扰性，但不符合他们积极捐款捐物支援我国灾区的事实，所以应该排除。
18．B deal with在这里表示“处理，应对”。
19．C the first to sign the book of condolences意思是“第一个在吊唁簿上签名留言，向中国政府和人民表示深切同情和诚挚慰问”的人。design “设计，策划”； resign “辞职”；sign “签名；在……签字”；respect “尊敬，尊重”。
20．A while “而，然而”，表示对比。
21．D staff “全体员工”。墨西哥大使率领所有的大使馆工作人员参加了悼念活动，以表尊重。crew “全体船员”，不符合语境。
22．B 代替表示人的先行词，在从句中作主语，引导一个非限制性定语从句，所以只能用关系代词who。
23．A 这里指的是该大使刚刚视察完灾区。所以要用visit。describe “描述”； rescue “营救，援救”； scan “浏览，细看”。
24．C 刚从灾区返回的印度大使也出席了悼念活动。因为前文介绍的都是出席悼念活动的大使们，结合空前的also，所以应选“present(出席的)”作表语。consistent “一致的，始终如一的”；absent “缺席的”；content “甘愿的，满意的”。
25．A receive在这里表示“接待或欢迎客人或来访者”。句意为：外交部长杨洁篪接待了来宾，并表达了对外宾们友谊和支持的感激之情。
26．D gratitude “感激之情”。对于来慰问我们遇难同胞的友人的友谊和支持，自然应该是心存感激。 attitude “态度”；latitude “纬度”；altitude “海拔”。
27．D mission “大使馆”。上文介绍的是外交部在国内举办的悼念活动，各国驻华大使前去签名悼念。这里介绍的是我驻外使馆开展的悼念活动。句意为：外交部驻外使馆也开展悼念活动，并降半旗致哀。
28．B 此处所填的词指代的是“the leaders…and heads…”，且限定中心词condolences，所以要用their。句意为：已有166个国家元首和30 多个国际组织的代表向中国表达了他们的哀悼。
29．C 这里要表达的意思是：除了派救济(relief)队到我们国家外，国际组织到2008年5月20日已经捐款246,000,000美元(支援中国灾区)。relief此处意为“救济”；chief “首领”；belief “信条，信念”；brief “简洁的”。
30．B donate意为“捐赠，捐献”，一般要接表示具体物体、金钱的名词。句意见上一题。
Ⅲ.根据一项新研究，实验表明核辐射会对精子的X染色体造成损害。核电站核泄漏事故和炸弹试验释放的放射性物质导致全世界女婴出生数量减少了数百万。
31．B 细节理解题。文章提到了1986年的Chernobyl 事故；2011年的Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident。
32．B 细节判断题。由第四段可知B项正确。由第二段可知A项错误；由倒数第三段可知C项错误；D项文章没提到。
33．D 细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知“核辐射会对精子的X染色体造成损害。” 也就是说 D项正确。
34．A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知， 这是一篇科普类的说明文。文章开篇点题，向我们说明了文章的主要内容：根据一项新研究，核电站核泄漏事故和炸弹试验释放的放射性物质导致全世界女婴出生数量减少了数百万。由此可见A项最能概括全文。
Ⅳ.35.he were a stranger 本题考查as if 引导从句时的虚拟用法。
36．has been given to 本题考查主谓一致以及被动语态的用法。
37．Everywhere they went 本题考查everywhere作连词引导地点状语从句的用法。
38．all the children are not/not all the children are 本题考查部分否定在句中的运用。
39．whose homes had been destroyed 本题考查whose引导的定语从句的用法。
40．who/that had saved several people
41．in which we live
42．Ignored by
43．It seems/looks as if
44．that/which is left