【点睛】 爱尔兰分为南爱尔兰和北爱尔兰两个部分，北爱尔兰是英国的一部分(大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国)，南爱尔兰为爱尔兰共和国，于1921年脱离英国，取得独立。本文主要介绍爱尔兰的历史与现状，特别是爱尔兰独立后文化的复兴。 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 1．D 段落大意题。第一段的大意就是爱尔兰的历史及南爱尔兰和北爱尔兰是如何形成的。 2．A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，19世纪40年代爱尔兰马铃薯真菌危机使得很多人被饿死，加之失业压力，很多人流亡国外，使得爱尔兰人口骤减。故A项为正确答案。 3．B 段落大意题。最后一段主要说到爱尔兰音乐、语言、文学等与文化相关的话题，故答案为B。 4．C 主旨大意题。文章主要谈论爱尔兰的历史与现状，故选C。 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 【活学活用】
[2011·广东卷] (节选)
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy. 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don't get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them. 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At that moment，I decided to do something I had never done in twenty－four years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed. No more angry shouts and no more horns! 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to the other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn't get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意
Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don't feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don't pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we're brave when we're scared. 1．In this passage, the author advises us to ________.
A．handle problems by ourselves
B．accept help from others
C．admit our weakness
D．show our bravery 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 2．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．A Wheelchair Experience.
B．Weakness and Kindness.
C．Weakness and Strength.
D．A Driving Experience. 【点睛】 本文是一篇议论文。在动物王国弱势会被侵略，在人类社会有时也是如此。但作者认为弱势能显现出人们的善良，并使提供帮助和被帮助的人都感到幸福。作者以自己的经历向人们阐述了弱势与善良的关系。 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 1．C 主旨大意题。作者以自己的亲身经历向人们阐述了：有时承认自己的弱势给人们带来好处，承认弱势能改善人们之间的关系，使自己得到更多的帮助，让我们看到人性的善良。故选C。 2．B 标题归纳题。由第一段…my weakness brings out the kindness in people及全篇可知。 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意
I found the car comfortable to ride in.
我觉得这种车坐着很舒服。
That makes poetry difficult to write.
那使得诗很难写。
(4) 在be to结构中的一些不定式：这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
这场火灾应由谁来负责？
You are to blame for the accident.
你应该为这事故受到责备。
第19讲 │ 句型透视
The house is to let.
此房出租。
A lot remains to do.
还有许多事情要做。 (5) 系动词没有被动形式，但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
良药苦口。 第19讲 │ 句型透视
(6) 一些与can’t(不能)或won’t(不会)连用的动词。常用的有lock(锁住)，shut(关上), open(打开)，act(上演)，write(写)，cut(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等，用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。
The door won’t open.
这门打不开。
It can’t move.它不能动。
(7) 一些动词如sell(销售)，wash(洗)，clean(打扫)，burn(燃烧)，cook(煮)等与副词如well(好)，easily(容易地)，perfectly(十分地)等连用，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语＋动词＋副词。 第19讲 │ 句型透视
The book sells well.
这本书很畅销。
These clothes wash easily.
这些衣服很容易洗。
The pen writes well.
这笔很好用。
(8) 主语much，little，what等，其表语如是不定式，则用不定式的主动表被动。
What is to do? 要做什么？
Much is to do.
有太多要做的事。
第19讲 │ 句型透视
【活学活用】 I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so
good ________. A．to be breathed
B．to breathe C．breathing
D．being breathed
[解析] B 第19讲 │ 句型透视
3 One of the goals is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone，... 目标之一是确保每个人都能够享用到干净的水，…… 【句型解读】 该句中is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone是 “be＋不定式”结构，表示“按计划或安排要发生某事”，在这里 意为“就是要……”。 【相关拓展】 “be＋不定式”的主要用法还有： (1) 表示注定或不可避免要发生某事。
第19讲 │ 句型透视
(2) 表示指示、命令、要求或禁止。
Tell her she is not to be back late.
告诉她不要回家晚了。 (3) 表示应该(意思接近should，ought to，must，have to等)。 (4) 表示可能(意思接近can，may等)。 (5)
表示打算做，经常用在条件句中。 (6) 在含有虚拟语气的句子中，“were to do sth.”表示现在或将来不可能实现的事情；“were to have done sth.”表示“本打算，本计划”或“本应当”做的事而没有做成或没有发生。
We were to have seen him last Wednesday but he did not come.我们本应该上周三就见到他，但是他没来。 第19讲 │ 句型透视
【活学活用】 In a room above the store, where a party ________， some workers were busily setting the table.
A．was to be held
B．has been held C．will be held
D．is being held
[解析] A
第19讲 │ 句型透视
第19讲 │ 跟踪训练
跟踪训练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．After she retired, she did a lot of ________ (志愿的) work for the Red Cross. 2．Is that c_______
large enough to hold all the books? 3．The story r_______
me of an experience I once had. 4．It is raining outside and the poor man can’t find a _______ (躲雨之处)． 5．Since the 1990s, the Project Hope has helped many children in the ______ (偏远的) villages. voluntary ontainer
eminds shelter
remote
Ⅱ.选词填空
in addition， draw someone’s attention to， under the umbrella of， if only， in chaos， get hold of， make a difference， in poverty， take on， provide for 1．The sea air has ________________ to her health. 2．The two departments combined ___________________ the new government. 3．The woman had to work hard to __________ her five children. 4．Don’t _______ too much work－the extra cash isn’t worth it. 第19讲 │ 跟踪训练
made a difference under the umbrella of provide for take on 5．I’ve been trying to __________ her for days but she’s never at home. 6．The house was left _______ by the thieves. 7．The great singer ended his days _________. 8.
______ she’d listen to what he’s saying, I’m sure they could work it out. 9.
_____________ an album, I gave him a pen and a pencil. 10．He sat at one of the round tables and tried to
___________________ him. 第19讲 │ 跟踪训练
get hold of in chaos in poverty If only In addition to draw her attention to Ⅲ.单项填空 1．In his opinion，that park，though relatively small，is easy
________.
A．to deal with B．to be dealt with
C．dealt with
D．dealing with
[解析] A 考查不定式主动表被动。在某些形容词后经常用不定式的主动形式表被动，此时，不定式动作和句子的主语存在动宾关系。又如：The apartment is comfortable to live in.
第19讲 │ 跟踪训练
2．—How about your journey to Mount Emei?
—Everything was wonderful except that our car ________
twice on the way.
A．slowed down
B．broke down
C．got down
D．put down
[解析] B 考查动词短语的区别。答语的意思是：“一切都很顺利，除了我们的汽车在途中抛锚了两次。”break down“抛锚”；slow down“慢下来”；get down“记下，写下”；put down“扑灭”。所以该题的答案为B。 第19讲 │ 跟踪训练
3．________
not to miss the flight at 15：20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A．Reminding
B．Reminded
C．To remind
D．Having reminded
[解析] B 考查非谓语动词。the manager与remind为被动关系，故用过去分词。 第19讲 │ 跟踪训练
4．It was foolish of him to
________
his notes during such an important test, and as a result, he got punished.
A．point to
B．keep to
C．stick to
D．refer to
[解析] D 考查动词短语的区别。refer to his notes意为“查阅一下他的笔记”。 第19讲 │ 跟踪训练
5．The new airport is built close to the freeway, and it is ________
by Bus No. 2.
A．accessible
B．available
C．alternative
D．abundant
[解析] A 考查形容词辨析。accessible“可接近的，可到达的”；available“可得到的”；alternative“可替代的”；abundant“丰富的”。应选A，即2路公交车可以到达那个新建的机场。 第19讲 │ 跟踪训练
6．Although the wind has ________， the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.
A．turned up
B．gone back
C．died down
D．blown out
[解析] C die down意为“平息”； turn up意为“出现，到来”； go back意为“回来”； blow out意为“吹灭”，因此选C。句意为：虽然风停了，但是雨还在下，因此你还是要带上雨衣。 第19讲 │ 跟踪训练
7．—Yangyang carried off the first winter Olympic ________
medal for China.
—Great! What ________
she won for our motherland!
A．golden; honour
B．gold; honor
C．golden; honors
D．gold; honorable
[解析] B 根据句意可以知道，第一空“金牌”意思为“含金之物”，应用gold作定语，而golden 为比喻性形容词，意思为“金色的”。如golden rice金黄色的稻子；第二空 honor 在此意思为“荣誉，光荣”，是不可数名词。故答案为B。 第19讲 │ 跟踪训练
8．Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ________
of exercise.
A．limit
B．lack
C．need
D．demand
[解析] B 句意为：健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏运动息息相关。由此判断选B。 第19讲 │ 跟踪训练
9．Facing the economic depression, every possible means
________
this year to save the company from going bankrupt.
A．has been tried
B．has tried
C．have been tried
D．have tried
[解析] A 考查主谓语一致。根据means前的修饰语every可知此处means为名词单数形式，故助动词用has。 第19讲 │ 跟踪训练
10．A representative raised a question at yesterday’s meeting, which is
________
.
A．worthy of considering
B．worthy being considered
C．worthy of consideration
D．worthy to consider
[解析] C 考查worthy的用法。be worthy of＋n. / being done / be worthy to be done为固定结构，意为“值得做某事”。
第19讲 │ 跟踪训练
阅读写作(十八)
阅读理解技法指导之主旨大意 阅读写作(十八)[阅读理解技法指导之主旨大意]
阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 重视主旨大意 每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。主旨要义型题目范围一般包括：短文标题、主题大意或段落大意等。此题型要求考生在理解文章后归纳文章要点，概括中心思想。考生需要分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章的开头或结尾，从而找出能概括文章的主题句。主题句的特点：1.语言特点：归纳性、概括性、抽象性；2.位置特点：主题句常出现在“总结性”语言的“信号词”后，如：in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等；主题句常出现在“转移话题式”语言的“信号词”后，如：but, however, nevertheless, hence等。标题的语言特点：独特新颖、概括性强、短小精悍。 一、主旨大意主要的设题方式有： 1．Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? 2．The best headline for this newspaper article is . 3．What is the topic of the text? 4．The text is mainly about . 5．What's the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? 6．What would be the best title for the text? 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 二、主旨大意题主要的解题策略有： 1．抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨。找准主题句是关键。主题句通常在文章开头，而主题句有可能在一段的开头，也有可能在中间或末尾。在很多情况下，主题句如果在段首，其后可能有for example，first，second等信息词。主题句如果在段末，其前可能有above all，all in all等信息词。利用这些信息词，可帮助你迅速找到主题句。一般来说，文章前三句所提供的信息能够让读者了解其大致内容，而读懂每段的第一句话则有助于掌握本段的主要内容。这样做的目的不仅在于可以迅速地把握全段的大意，更重要的是，在时间紧迫的情况下，可以对一段话进行缩读、略读和扫读。 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 2．抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。 3．抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心。 分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 例
[2011·安徽卷]
Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years，the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921，the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland，in the north，is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south，is an independent country. 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 In the 1840s the main crop，potatoes，was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA，the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851. For many years，the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside，where things move at a quieter and slower pace. 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 The Irish are famous for being warm－hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde，a famous Irish writer，once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”．Since independence，Ireland has revived (复兴) its own culture of music，language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc. 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 1．What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?
A．How the Irish fought against the English.
B．How Ireland gained independence.
C．How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.
D．How two “Irelands” came into being.
阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 2．We learn from the text that in Ireland ________.
A． food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in
population
B．people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the
countryside
C．it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a
factory worker
D．different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with
instruments
阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 3．The last paragraph is mainly about .
A．the Irish character
B．Irish culture
C．Irish musical instruments
D．a famous Irish writer 4．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Life in Ireland
B．A Very Difficult History
C．Ireland，Past and Present
D．The Independence of Ireland 阅读写作(十八) │ 重视主旨大意 2．单项填空
When the weather is fine, watching TV all day is not a
________
way to spend your time.
A．worth
B．sensitive
C．worthwhile
D．convenient
[解析] C 第19讲 │ 单词点睛
6 obtain vt.(to get sth., especially by making an effort) (尤指经努力)获得，赢得 【活学活用】 Mr.Smith gradually
________
a knowledge of the subject. A．attained
B．achieved C．required
D．acquired
[解析] D 第19讲 │ 单词点睛
7 means n．(a way of achieving or doing sth.) 手段，方法
(1) means of transportation运输工具，运输方式
means of communication
通信手段
a means of doing sth.
做某事的方法/途径
a means ___ an end
达到目的的手段
(2) by means ___
用， 凭借
by ___ means＝not by any means
决不， 并没有
by ___ means
当然可以； 尽一
切办法， 务必 第19讲 │ 单词点睛
to of no all 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子 (1) 无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。
Radio and television are important_____________________. (2) 她可不穷，其实她很阔。
She is ___________ poor；in fact, she’s quite rich. (3) 他们依靠努力工作而获得成功。
They succeeded ___________ hard working. (4) 我特别不喜欢这项工作，它只不过是达到目的的手段罢了。
I didn’t particularly like the job—it was just ________________. 第19讲 │ 单词点睛
means of communication by no means by means of a means to an end 2．单项填空
(1) Through the efforts of the countries concerned, the South China Sea can, ________ , be a sea of peace, cooperation and friendship.
A．under no circumstance
B．in all directions
C．by all means
D．at no time
[解析] C 第19讲 │ 单词点睛
(2) By no means
________
to go hiking this weekend.She has too much homework to do.
A．will Jane agree
B．Jane will agree
C．Jane will disagree
D．will Jane disagree
[解析] A 第19讲 │ 单词点睛
8 equal adj.平等的，同等的
n．同等的人；相等物 vt.与……相同或相等
(1) equally adv. 平等地
equality
n.
等同性，同等
(2) equal sb./sth.(in sth.)
与某人/事物(在某方面)相同或相等
(3) ___ equal terms(with sb.)
(与某人)处于平等的地位
be equal ___ sth./ doing sth.＝be fit to do sth.
能胜任某事
A be equal to B in sth.
A在某方面等同于B 第19讲 │ 单词点睛
on to 【温馨提示】
1．equal作“等于”解时为及物动词，切勿误用为“equal to sth.”。
2．be equal to中的to为介词，后接动名词。 第19讲 │ 单词点睛
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 妇女要求同工同酬。
Women are demanding _____________________ .
(2) 他平了一英里跑的世界纪录。
He _______ the world record in the mile run.
(3) 我不能胜任这项任务。
I’m not ______________ .
(4) 她既然已升级，就和原先的上司平起平坐了。
Now that she has been promoted she is
_________________ her exboss. 第19讲 │ 单词点睛
equal pay for equal work equaled equal to the task on equal terms with
(5) 总体上说， 女性的体力不及男性。
On the whole, women are not ______________
physical
strength. 2．单项填空
Fitness is important in sport, but of at least ________
importance are skills.
A．fair
B．reasonable C．equal
D．proper
[解析] C 句意为：健壮在运动中是重要的，至少和技能同等重要。fair意为“公正的，公平的”，reasonable意为“合理的”，equal意为“同等的”，proper意为“适当的”。只有C项符合题意。
第19讲 │ 单词点睛
equal to men in 1 refer to 谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考；指的是
(1) refer to sb.
as
将……称为
(2) reference n.
提及，涉及；参考
a reference book
参考书，工具书
(3) _____ (a) reference to
提及，涉及
_______
reference to
关于，有关 第19讲 │ 短语储存
短语储存 make with/in 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 请不要再提这件事了。
Don’t _______ this matter again, please.
(2) 你应该参考字典。
You should ________________________ a dictionary.
(3) 他谈了有关牛仔的事。
He spoke _____________ the cowboys. 第19讲 │ 短语储存
refer to make a reference to/refer to in reference to 2．单项填空 (1) Although the teacher did not mention any name, everybody knew who he was ________.
A．attending toB．turning to
C．referring to
D．talking to
[解析] C (2) The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ________
his notes.
A．bringing up
B．referring to
C．looking for
D．trying on
[解析] B 第19讲 │ 短语储存
2 break down 出故障；抛锚；瓦解，分解；失败；损坏，拆毁
break ___
打碎；分解；终止；破裂
break ___
爆发，突然发生
break in
闯入；打断，插嘴
break _____ (from)
与……脱离；与……断绝
关系；打破(陈规陋习)
break _______战胜，突围；穿过……而出现；突破
break off
停顿，中断；断开，折断
break ____
强行进入，闯入；打断(谈话、讨论)；
突然……起来
break the rule
违反规定 第19讲 │ 短语储存
up out away
through
into 【易混辨析】
break down与break up 两者在表示“击碎，粉碎，拆散”等意时非常相近，可通用。但 是在表示化学性质的分解时多用break down；表示“驱赶，使 解散”时多用break up；表示婚姻、友情等关系破裂时用break
up。 Their marriage broke up after they had been married for ten years.他们的婚姻在结婚10年后破裂了。 The police used tear gas to break up the crowd.
警察用催泪瓦斯驱散群众。 第19讲 │ 短语储存
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful
substances. 人体内的化学物质把食物分解成有用的成分。 【活学活用】 1．用break短语的适当形式填空
(1) He said his computer had ___________ .
(2) Those old cars will be _________ for scrap.
(3) Last night somebody _________ Mr. Brown’s house and
took away many things.
(4) A fire _________ after we got home.
(5) The boy often _________ while his parents are speaking. 第19讲 │ 短语储存
broken down broken up broke into broke out breaks in
(6) You must __________ from bad habits.
(7) After the heavy rain the sun _____________ the clouds.
(8) A thief ________ and stole a lot of things last night.
(9) Tom __________ the motor bike which he bought five
years ago.
(10)The ice began to ________ on the river. 2．单项填空
With her health
________ , she had to quit the job she loved.
A．broken down
B．broke down
C．having broken down
D．to break down
[解析] C 第19讲 │ 短语储存
break away breaks through broke in broke down break up 3 die from 因……而死(原因多来自外部)
(1) die of
因……而死(原因多来自内部)
die ___
(物种)灭绝；(风俗习惯)消失
die off
(一群人，动物，家族等)相继死去
直至死光
die __________ 变弱；平息；消失；熄灭
die back/down
(草木)枯萎；凋谢
(2) die…death
以……方式死亡
be dying ___
极想，渴望 第19讲 │ 短语储存
out
down/away for 【活学活用】 1．用适当的介词或副词填空
(1) In the old days, my father died __ hunger and cold.
(2) He died ____ the explosion.
(3) This kind of bird is dying ___ in the world.
(4) The practice of children working in factories has nearly
died ___ .
(5) As she got older and older, her relatives all died ___. 第19讲 │ 短语储存
of from out out off 2．单项填空
The model for Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa is believed ________
in the convent(修道院)at the age of 63 in 1542.
A．to die
B．to have died
C．dying
D．having died
[解析] B 第19讲 │ 短语储存
4 think back to 回想
think about
考虑
think __
想到，想起；为……着想；打算
think highly/well/a lot/much/
poorly/ill/badly/little/nothing of
对……评价……
think __
想出
think ____
仔细考虑
think twice before...
要三思后再……
think _____
自言自语
think of...as
把……看作 第19讲 │ 短语储存
of up over aloud 【活学活用】 1．用think短语的适当形式填空 (1) The photographs made me ____________ my schooldays. (2) No, not really! I think only the professor really understands it. But I know the government _______________ it. (3) I tried to ________ a funny game for the children to play. (4) “What did you say？”“Oh, nothing, I was just _____________ .” (5) I suggest you _________ your position very carefully. 第19讲 │ 短语储存
think back to thinks highly of think up thinking aloud think over 2．单项填空
—When you come to
________
the scene, isn’t it disappointing to find a McDonald’s in every town?
—Well, people can have different tastes.
A．think of
B．think out
C．think over
D．think up
[解析] A
第19讲 │ 短语储存
1 It seems that many people here just need to talk, so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse. 看起来这儿的许多人好像只需要说话，因此我发现我的工作不只局限为一名护士。
句型公式 be limited to doing sth.把……限制在做某事的范围内 第19讲 │ 句型透视
句型透视 【相关拓展】 “be＋形容词＋介词to＋动名词”的表达法还有： (1) be equal to doing sth.
等于做某事，能胜任做某事
(2) be used/accustomed to doing sth.
习惯于做某事
(3) be opposed to doing sth.
反对做某事
(4) be reduced to doing sth.
使某人沦为做某事
第19讲 │ 句型透视
(5) be devoted to doing sth.
把时间(钱，精力等)献给做某事
(6) be dedicated to doing sth.
从事于；致力于 第19讲 │ 句型透视
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子 (1) 你收音机的音量必须控制在我们大家都能忍受的范围内。
The noise of your radio must
a level that we can all bear. (2) 他被迫以乞讨为生。
He was _________________ for a living. (3) 她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。
Her life was _______________ for the sick and needy. (4) 他反对周末去野炊。
He is _______________ on picnic this weekend. 第19讲 │ 句型透视
reduced to begging devoted to caring opposed to going be limited to
(5) 我们习惯在一起工作。
We were _____________________ together. 2．单项填空
The project along with the experiment we had once devoted so much time
________
perfectly.
A．to work outB．to working out
C．to worked out
D．has worked out
[解析] C 第19讲 │ 句型透视
accustomed to working 2 This land was difficult to farm but now water has
been pumped into the fields.这块地难以耕种，但现在 水已经被抽进了地里。 【句型解读】 该句中This land was difficult to farm...是一个特殊句式，即 “sth. ＋ be ＋ adj. ＋ to do” 句式。在这种句式中不定式常用主动语态表被动含义。 The book is interesting to read. 这本书读起来很有趣。 This maths problem is very difficult to work out. 这道数学题很难解答。 第19讲 │ 句型透视
【相关拓展】 英语中主动表被动的几种情况： (1) need，want，require(要求，需要)，deserve(应得，值得)，be worth(值得)，not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
The book is worth reading.
这本书值得一读。
The old building requires repairing.
这座古建筑需要修整了。
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (need to be looked after) carefully.
这些幼苗将需要小心照管。
第19讲 │ 句型透视
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut)．
你的头发该剪了。 (2) 不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。
I have much work to do.
我有许多事情要做。(与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系)
Tom is looking for a room to live in.
汤姆在找一间住的房间。(与room有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系)
第19讲 │ 句型透视
He has a family to support.
他要支撑一个家庭。(与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系)
(3) 不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，即结构为：主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式； 主语＋动词＋宾语＋形容词＋不定式，如果形容词表示难易、利弊等含义，如difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的), convenient(便利的，方便的), hard, cheap, expensive等，此时不定式用主动表被动。
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。
The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。
第19讲 │ 句型透视
第19讲
Unit 1 Helping people around the world 第19讲 Unit 1 Helping people around the world 第19讲 │ 美文欣赏 美文欣赏 假设你叫李华，是校报通讯员。上周三你班召开一次班会，会上重点讨论“老人摔倒要不要扶起”这一话题，原因是近几年发生过多起因扶起摔倒老人而引火烧身的官司。你班同学对此进行了激烈的辩论，请你结合辩论情况，用英语为校报写一篇报道，并发表自己的看法。 注意： 1．词数120—150； 2．可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。 【精彩美文】
A class meeting was held in our class last Wednesday. At the meeting we had a heated debate on “whether we should help the old people up when they fall over”.
Some classmates think we have responsibility to help them, because we Chinese have fine traditions to help people in trouble. While others have quite different opinions. They think we should leave a distance off and help to call 120, because in recent years many lawsuits have happened due to helping old people. The helpers had to pay the injurer a lot of money. 第19讲 │ 美文欣赏 In my opinion, when we help the old people, we should depend on specific situation. When the old people are in great danger and badly need help, we should give an immediate first aid and help to send him or her to the nearest hospital. When the old people are slightly injured, we'd better help to call the police. 第19讲 │ 美文欣赏 【全品点睛】
①行文逻辑：提出论点→正反论述→发表看法。较好地使用了连接词语，如：while，in my
opinion 等。
②词汇短语：运用了较高难度的词汇。如：leave a distance off，due to，depend on，in great danger等。
③句式句法：运用了多样化的句式和句法结构。如：whether引导的宾语从句，when引导的时间状语从句：…“whether we should help the old people up when they fall over”；原因状语从句：…because we Chinese have fine traditions to help people in trouble；时间状语从句：When the old people are slightly injured…
第19讲 │ 美文欣赏 基础梳理 Ⅰ.单词荟萃 1．description
n．描写(文字)，形容，说明→ ________ vt.描写，形容→ __________ adj.描述的， 叙述的 2．addition
n．增加，添加→ ____ vt.添(增)加；把……加起来 vi.(to)增添→ _________ adj.另外的， 附加的， 额外的 3．voluntary
adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的→ _________ n．志愿者 第19讲 │ 基础梳理 describe descriptive add additional volunteer 4．contribute vt.&vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助，贡献；(to)促成，导致→ ___________ n．捐献， 贡献， 投稿 5．expand vi.& vt.扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强→ _________ n．扩大，扩张，扩展；膨胀 6．starvation
n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死→ ______ v．(使)挨饿，(使)饿死 7．possession
n．个人财产；拥有，具有→ _______ vt.占有，拥有 8．mountainous
adj.多山的→ _________ n．山 9．interpreter
n．口译工作者，口译人员→ ________ vi.口译，翻译 vt.解释，说明，诠释 第19讲 │ 基础梳理 contribution expansion starve possess mountain interpret 10．crowd
n．人群 vi.& vt.挤满，塞满，使拥挤→ _________ adj.拥挤的， 塞满的 11．commitment
n．承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事→ ________vt.犯(错误等)，干(蠢事等) 12．container
n．容器；集装箱→ _______ vt. 包含，容纳；控制，抑制 第19讲 │ 基础梳理 crowded commit