Part Five: 任务型阅读
任务型阅读答题技巧：
一、看图表（Read）：利用图表结构和内容帮助理解短文，把握短文的主题思想和理清短文的主体结构。
二、读文章（Scan）& 找细节（Find）：通读、细读和复读文章，分析、理顺表格线索，寻找确定答案的关键词语。
三、填单词（Fill）：书写工整、语言规范，注意同一级栏目下词形的一致性以及字母的大小写等。
掌握常用的概括性的词汇（部分）：definition, introduction , theme , conclusion , evaluation , comparison , reason, cause , result, effect, consequence , advice, suggestion, tip, measure, solution, way (to do//of doing)，approach (to sth. 或doing) , feature, characteristic , benefit, advantage, disadvantage , differences, similarities , types, kinds, purpose ,aim , etc.
注意表达的切换及词汇的变形,如：
belong to the club—a member / one of the members of the club;
object to----was opposed to---oppose—in opposition to;
can’t be accepted---is unacceptable;
miss our homeland and family---homesick; be addicted to---be hooked on;
didn’t respond to….=made no response to =said nothing in response to….;
accompany sb.=keep sb. company;
accuse …of…=charge …with…..
can’t (help/ choose) but do=have no alternative / choice but to do…
apply to..=make an application to…;
an approach to doing..= a way to do / of doing
approve of= subscribe to=in favor of= support
be beneficial to=be of benefit to = benefit….;
be determined to do= be bent on doing….
go aboard..= go on board..= board….;
be bored with=be tired of=be fed up with
do sth. with caution = do sth. cautiously;
do sth. with enthusiasm=do sth. enthusiastically
It’s likely that=The chance is that / Chances are that=There is a chance (are chances ) that…=There’s possibility /probability that…
compared to / with=in comparison with…;
compensate for=make up for
congratulate sb. on sth.= show / express congratulations to sb. on sth.
as a result=in consequence;
consist of=be made up of=be composed of
agree with=correspond with/ to=be consistent with;
deserve to be praised =deserve praising
tell the difference between..and…=tell/distinguish.. from …
= tell….apart .=make the distinction between..and…
divorce sb.=got divorced from sb.;
face sth=be faced with sth..
do good to=be good for..
;
be merciful to=have mercy on=show mercy to…
have prejudice against=be prejudiced against ; like sth. better=prefer sth.=have a preference for…
a little=slightly;
thank sb. = be grateful to sb.; draw near=around the corner
don’t know..=have no idea / knowledge of….;
get on one’s knees=kneel down
be discovered=come to light; occur to sb=strike sb.;
get over difficulties=overcome difficulties
participate in=join in = take part in;
improve=polish up ; delay=put off =postpone;
take pride in=be proud of ; deliberately=on purpose=by design;
turn one’s dream into reality=realize one’s dream ;
reflect on=think about;
look like sb.=resemble sb.;
be protected by=under the umbrella of…
make a summary of..=summarize …;
be superior to=be better than ;
He died three years ahead of his wife.=He survived his wife by 3 years.
one’s cup of tea=to one’s taste;
tend to do=have a tendency to do….
be tired=be worn out;
be worth doing =be worthy of being done / to be done= doing sth. is worthwhile
动词转化成名词，表示人的名词常加er,有时加or,如：
survivor, creator, calculator investor, investigator, instructor, visitor, negotiator, inspector, educator, operator , communicator等；
前缀：unequal / inequality; improper; inappropriate; insufficient; dishonest(y); uncomfortable; discomfort; un(dis)satisfied; dissatisfaction等。
任务型阅读经典习题：
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据短文的内容要点完成文章后的表格。注意：补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求，每空只填一个单词。
A
When it comes to the world of computers, green computing is becoming one of the most popular trends. But, what is exactly green computing?
The term “green computing” is one that is being used in many different markets and areas all over the world in today’s global technology. Yet, many computer users out there aren’t sure what it means. Green computing is actually pretty easy to explain and to do---it is basically learning to use computer resources more efficiently to help the environment as well as making energy savings. The main goal of a green computing program is to reduce the use of energy and materials that harm the environment. Green computing helps to promote the use of biodegradable products and recycle computer parts whenever possible．
Green computing started as early as 1992, when the EPA created Energy Star, which is a voluntary labeling program that promotes energy-efficient computing equipment and technologies．
It was because of this program that many computer manufacturers launched sleep mode and millions of computer users around the world began to adopt this policy to help save energy when they were not using their computers. The term “green computing” began to be used around the same time as well, and began to become a goal that more companies strive to meet over the years. There are several government agencies that have continued to help strive for better standards for computers and companies to help promote green promoting. Energy Star was actually revised in the October of 2006 to make the requirements stricter for computer, and also implemented a ranking system for products. Because of these new requirements, there are over 20 states that have now established a special recycling program for old computers and electronics to help with green computing.
Many of today’s IT systems are beginning to rely on both people and hardware to help push their computer systems toward a more green computing system to help both the company and others. This is a hard balance to achieve, as it has to satisfy users, management, and regulatory compliance（顺从）. Even the disposal of computer waste is all managed so that everyone in the circle is happy with the outcome. Many companies are learning the best ways that they can go greener when it comes to their computing and also help their business in the process. While many home computer users may not be quite as familiar with green computing as large firms, this term is starting to become more mainstream all around the world and the requirements for new, better computers to help both the companies and the end users of the equipment, as well as our environment, are becoming more and more urgent．
Green computing
___1______ Learning to make __2__use of computer resources so as to save energy and protect the environment.
Main goal
To reduce the use of energy and materials that are
_3__ to the environment.
__4__ ●In 1992 the EPA created Energy Star program, _5__ energy efficient computing equipment and technologies.
●Then many computer manufacturers launched sleep mode and
many computer users __6__the policy to save energy.
●The requirements for computers were _7__ stricter after Energy Star was raised in Oct.2006 and also a ranking system for products was implemented .
●At _8__ , over 20 states have established a special recycling program for old computers and electronics.
Present situation ●Green computing requires the __9_ of users, management, and regulatory compliance.
●Green computing is becoming more mainstream
___10__.
●New, better computers will help both companies and users, and
protect the environment.
B
Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and we should return to the old traditions of family and community, then we will have a better life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?
In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes. While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned.
Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life. They say that it is a jungle out there. To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy. Obviously greed and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas. In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of colleagues. We are in any way advocating any selfish conduct. It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences.
In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary. In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then. But we can not ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts.
Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? There is no fixed answer, either. Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite. But I personally think that people should not be too selfish. Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship.
In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.
Are Modern People Becoming More Selfish?
Main comparisons Contexts
__1__ are changing In the past people put caring, sharing and generosity in the first ____2____.
Nowadays, people seem to be more ____3____about themselves.
___4___are changing too. People in the past appeared to be modest and self-effacing(谦让的).
People may strive to achieve their own __5___ at the price of their coworkers.
The author’s
understanding
___6____ for the changes in author’s eyes Fierce __7___ and great __8___on modern people may be responsible for the changes.
The author’s ___9____towards topic A relationship which can ___10___ two sides should be established.
C
Your boss tells you that you did a bad job. Your coworker criticizes you in front of your whole team. Ouch! It's not easy to take criticism, no matter who it comes from. But, it is easy to soften the blow when you offer criticism to someone in English. Merely by altering your wording and your attitude, you can help someone grow as opposed to making them feel defeated.
Phrases like "You're wrong!" and "Your presentation was terrible!" have no place in effective criticism. In fact, it's best to leave the word "you" out, if at all possible. Personal attacks make people feel defensive, and then they won't really listen to anything you have to say.
Before starting with the criticism, warm the person up with compliments(恭维). If you are discussing their work, find several things you truly like about what they have done. For example, "I enjoyed your presentation today. You presented a lot of good and helpful information in it, and I can tell you put a lot of effort into it. I appreciate your hard work." This will lower their defenses and make them feel appreciated.
However, a short, vague compliment followed by “but” such as "It was a helpful talk, but you really need to improve your presentation skills" won’t do much to help the process. After you've shared your compliments, allow them time to be absorbed. Immediately following your compliment with a "but" will destroy all you've tried to accomplish by making your praise seem false and insincere.
Remember that the goal of constructive criticism isn't to make the person feel terrible; it's to help them grow. Instead of directly accusing the person, try to get the message through to them in the form of light-hearted advice. Phrases like, "Next time you might want to ? or "I find it helpful to ? can take away the blame while still leaving an impact: "Next time you might want to give a little more attention to the audience. I find it helpful to look people in the eyes while I am speaking."
People can't change overnight, especially if they don't get detailed direction. Simply saying "you need to work on your presentation skills" won't help a soul! Be detailed in your advice, and don't overload anyone with criticism. Remember, you want them to keep trying and improving. Don't leave them feeling defeated!
Title :How to give __1___without offending anyone in English
Goal Help the person ___2__
Tips Dos
Results
____3___directly accusing the person.
Leave the word "you" out, if at all possible. The person will listen to whatever you have to say.
Soften with compliments Warm the person up with compliments before starting with the criticism. The person’s defenses will be lowered and he will feel appreciated.
Don't___4__with "but" immediately. Give the person some time to __5_____ your compliments after you've shared them. It will make your praise __6____and sincere
Advise with advice. Try to ___7__the message to the person in the form of light-hearted advice rather than ____8__accusations. It will take away the blame while still leaving an impact.
Stay specific. Be detailed in your advice, and don't heavily __9____anyone. It will make him keep trying and improving with
____10___.
任务型阅读解析：
A:
1. Definition第二段段意归纳
2. better第二段第四行use …. more efficiently
3. harmful第二段第六行 harm =be harmful to
4. Development/History第三、四段段意归纳
5. promoting第三段第二行.. that promotes…..定语从句转化成分词短语
6. adopted第四段第二行……began to adopt
7. made第四段倒数第四行to make the requirements stricter
8. present第四段倒数第二行now
9. satisfaction第五段第三行as it has to satisfy users……
10. globally/worldwide第五段倒数第三行become more mainstream all around the world
B
1.Values
第二段第一行many values are undergoing major changes
2. place
第二段第一行While people traditionally prioritize（重点考虑，给…优先权） caring, sharing and generosity in life and work
3. concerned
第二段第三行more self-absorbed and self-concerned.
4. Behaviors 第三段第一行Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life
5. goals
第三段第第三行In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of colleagues.
6. Reasons
第四段第三行But we can not ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts.这句话讲了现代人变得贪心自私的原因
7. competition
第三段第一行Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life
8. pressure
第四段第四行faced less pressure和第六段第二行strong outside pressure
9. attitudes
第五段I personally think 和第六段In conclusion
10. benefit
第五段第四行encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship第六段最后一行to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.
C:
criticism
第一节第三行offer criticism = give criticism。此题容易，能在文章中找到。
grow
第一节最后一行。此题容易，能在文章中找到。
Avoid
由第二节第一行…have no place in….可知用avoid,应避免这样做。此题根据意思去转换表达，较难。
continue / follow 第四节第一行可知。此题要进行主被动转换。
absorb
第四节第三行（要改变语态）。此题要进行语态转换。
true
第四节最后一行 false and insincere的相反为true and sincere。此题为反义词转换表达。
convey
第五节第二行get the message through to them=convey the message to them。此题为同义词（语）转换表达。
direct
第五节第二行 instead of directly accusing the person可知。此题为词性转换。
criticize
最后一节倒数第二行 don’t overload anyone with criticism =don’t heavily
criticize anyone
此题较难，要根据意思去转换表达。
confidence 文章最后 Remember, you want them to keep trying and improving. Don’t leave them feeling defeated 可知“应让他们充满信心地不断地努力并提高。此题较难，根据隐含的意思去把握。