高考英语语法复习及配套练习十九：冠词

　　语法复习十九：冠

　　词

　　（一）考纲要求

　　考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。

　　（二）命题导向

　　冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。

　　（三）基本用法

　　当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。

　　1、定冠词的基本用法：

　　① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.

　　② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.

　　③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

　　④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right.

　　⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest.

　　⑥ 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded.

　　⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.

　　⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.

　　⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths

　　⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.

　　⑾　发明物。如：The compass was invented in China.

　　⑿　年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. ⒀　固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time

　　2、不定冠词的基本用法：

　　① 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.

　　② 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver.

　　Longjing is a wonderful tea.

　　③ 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.

　　④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。）

　　⑤ 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）

　　⑥ 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. ⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"） ⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word

　　3、不用冠词的情况：

　　① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）

　　② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English.

　　③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.

　　④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.

　　⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?

　　⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?

　　⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.

　　⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.

　　⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。

　　练习（一）、冠

　　词

　　1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）.

　　A. the, the

　　B. a, the

　　C. the, /

　　D. the, a

　　2. ---- What happened?

　　---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.

　　A. a, a

　　B. a, the

　　C. /, the

　　D. /, a

　　3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.

　　A. a, the

　　B. the, a

　　C. the, the

　　D. a, a

　　4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.

　　A. a, The

　　B. the, A

　　C. a, A

　　D. /, The

　　5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.

　　A. an, an

　　B. a, a

　　C. a, an

　　D. an, a

　　6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.

　　A. a, a

　　B. a, the

　　C. the, the

　　D. the, a

　　7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month.

　　A. a B. an C. the D. every

　　8. He was absent because he had caught ____.

　　A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold

　　D. heavy cold

　　9. ____ water is ____ liquid.

　　A. The, a

　　B. A, a

　　C. /, /

　　D. /, a

　　10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.

　　A. /, /

　　B. a, a

　　C. /, a

　　D. the, a

　　11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.

　　A. a

　　B. the

　　C. another

　　D. other

　　12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.

　　A. first

　　B. a first

　　C. second

　　D. the second

　　13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal.

　　A. The, the B. The, a

　　C. The, an D. /, a

　　14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.

　　A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995

　　15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life.

　　A. The, the B. The, a

　　C. The, / D. /, the

　　16. The soldier died during ____ World War I.

　　A. the B. the first C. /

　　D. a

　　17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.

　　A. a 1870

　　B. 1870s

　　C. the year of 1870

　　D. the 1870s

　　18. Alice is ____ of the two girls.

　　A. taller

　　B. the tall

　　C. more tall D. the taller

　　19. ---- Can your sister play ____?

　　---- No, but she can play ____.

　　A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano

　　D. tennis, the piano

　　20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.

　　A. front

　　B. the front

　　C. a front

　　D. instead

　　21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.

　　A. in her

　　B. on her

　　C. in the

　　D. on the

　　22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.

　　A. /, /

　　B. the, the

　　C. /, the

　　D. the, /

　　23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.

　　A. The, the

　　B. /, /

　　C. The, /

　　D. /, the

　　24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you.

　　A. a

　　B. the C. an D. /

　　25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?

　　A. man

　　B. the man

　　C. a man

　　D. men

　　26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank.

　　A. a

　　B. an

　　C. the

　　D./

　　27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China.

　　A. A

　　B. The C. /

　　D. That

　　28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.

　　A. the, /

　　B. /, the

　　C. a, /

　　D. /, a

　　29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil.

　　A. with

　　B. in

　　C. in a

　　D. use a

　　30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.

　　A. National Day B. the National Day

　　C. our National Day D. a National Day

　　练习（二）、冠

　　词

　　1. ---You mean you know the man?

　　　---I know________ man exactly like him. A. other 　

　　B. the 　

　　C. / 　

　　D. a 2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another? A. a, / 　

　　B. the, / 　

　　C. a, the　

　　D. the, the 3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake. 　---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us. A. a, a 　

　　B. the, a 　

　　C. /, / 　

　　D. /, a 4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain. A. a,/, the 　

　　B. a,/, / 　

　　C. the, the, theD. the, an, an 5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million. A. the, the B. the, / 　

　　C. the, a　

　　D. /, a 6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001. A. /, / 　

　　B. his, his 　

　　C. the, the　

　　D. an, his 7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society. A. the, / 　

　　B. /, / 　

　　C. /, a 　

　　D. the, the 8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower. A. a, the 　

　　B. a, / 　

　　C. the, a　

　　D. the, the 9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present? A. the, the, the 　B. a, the, a 　

　　C. the, a, theD. the, the, a 10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time. A. the, a 　

　　B. /, / 　

　　C. a, a　

　　D. /, a 11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall. A. the, a 　

　　B. a, a 　

　　C. the, / 　

　　D. the, / 12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology? 　---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book? A. a, a 　

　　B. a, the 　

　　C. the, a 　

　　D. the, the 13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society. A. /, / 　

　　B. the, the 　

　　C. a, / 　

　　D./, the 14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by? 　---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look. A. a, a 　

　　B. the, the 　

　　C. a, the　

　　D. the, a 15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look. A. a, the, the B. a,/,the 　

　　C. /,/,the 　

　　D. /,/,a 16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom. A. an, a 　

　　B. /, the 　

　　C. the, a 　

　　D. the, / 17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house? 　---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep. A. a, a 　

　　B. the, a 　

　　C. a, / 　

　　D. the, /

　　18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation. A. the, the B. a, a 　

　　C. a, / 　

　　D. the, / 19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people. A. the, a 　

　　B. /, the 　

　　C. /, / 　

　　D. the, / 20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning. A. /, a 　

　　B. the, / 　

　　C. /, the 　

　　D. the, the 21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. 　 ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind. A. the dress B. a dress 　

　　C. dress 　

　　D. the dresses 22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition?

　　　---Oh, it was ____ success. A. How, really a

　　B. What, great C. How, / 　

　　D. What, quite a 23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment. A. /,/,the 　

　　B. a,/,/ 　

　　C. a, the,/　

　　D. /,the, the 24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world. A. /, the, a B. a, /, the 　

　　C. a, a, the 　

　　D. a, the, the 25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch. A. /, / 　

　　B. /, a 　

　　C. the, / 　

　　D. /, the 26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning. 　---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to? A. a, the 　

　　B. the, a 　

　　C. the, the 　

　　D. a, a 27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business. A. a, a 　

　　B. /, / 　

　　C. a, the 　

　　D. a, / 28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one. A. a, the 　

　　B. a, / 　

　　C. the, an　

　　D. the, the 29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road. A. /, / 　

　　B. a, a 　

　　C. the, /　

　　D. the, the 30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means? 　---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question. A. the, the, / B. the, the, a C. /, the, a　

　　D. /, the, /

　　31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991) A./;　

　　B. a　

　　C. the　

　　D. one 32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour. A./;/　

　　B. the ; the　

　　C. the; /　

　　D./;the （ MET1991 11） 33. ---Where's jack ?

　　---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom. 　

　　A./; /　

　　B. the; the　

　　C. the; /　

　　D./; the （ MET1992 36） 34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places. 　

　　A. the ; the　

　　B./; /　

　　C. the; /　

　　D./; the （MET 1993 19） 35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. A. the; the　

　　B. the ; /　

　　C. a; /　

　　D. a ; the （NMET1994 20） 36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another? A. a; /　B. the; /　C. a; the　D. the; the （NMET1994 23） 37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today. A. a; /　

　　B. the; an　

　　C. the; the　

　　D./;the （NMET 1996 13） 38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century. A. the ; /　

　　B. the; the　

　　C./; the　

　　D./; /（NMET 1999 8） 39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .

　　A.90s; their　

　　B. the 90s; /　

　　C.90s; /

　　D. the 90s; their（1999.上海 6） 40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the; a　

　　B./; a　

　　C. the ; the　

　　D./; the (NMET2000 10)

　　41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning. 　 ---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7) A. a; the　

　　B. the; the　

　　C. the ; a　

　　D. a; a 42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny. A./; a　

　　B. the; /　

　　C./; /　

　　D. the ; the (2000.春招 8) 43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.(2002春招 26) A. a; the　

　　B. the ;不填　

　　C. the; the　

　　D. was killing 44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26) A./;the　

　　B./;an　

　　C. an; an　

　　D. the; the

　　45. ---I don't like_____New York at all.

　　　---But this isn't_____ New York you remember. A. the, the B. /, the 　

　　C. the, / 　

　　D. /, a

　　语法复习十九：冠

　　词

　　练习一、1~5 DBBAC

　　6~10 BACDC

　　11~15 ABBDB

　　16~20 CDDDB

　　21~25 DBBDA

　　26~30 DCBBA

　　练习二、1~5 DABAC

　　6~10 AAADD

　　11~15 ACACB

　　16~20 CCDAA

　　21~25 BDCBB

　　26~30 ADCDD

　　31~35 CDDCC

　　36~40 AACDB

　　41~45 DDBCB

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