11. work as 做……工作
I worked as a secretary after I graduated.
毕业后我做过秘书。 work under sb. 在某人手下工作 work for sb. / sth. 供职于某人或者某公司,也可以表示工作时间。 work away / at / on sth. 忙于某事 work out 解决问题 David has worked under a strict boss for nearly
two years. 大卫在一个严格的老板手下已经差不多工作 两年了。 He found it very embarrassed to have to work
for his former employee. 他觉得要为他以前的雇员工作很尴尬。 I believe that you can work out this problem
by yourself. 我相信你自己能做出这道题的。 12. date / go back to, date from 追溯到……
This temple dates from the 15th century.
这座寺庙建于15世纪。
Whenever Grandma talks, she always likes to
go back to her youth days.
祖母只要一谈话, 总是喜欢谈到她的青年时代。 trace back to也可以译为“追溯到……”,一般 要用人作主语；如果物作主语的话,则使用 被动语态。 The contact between our two countries can be
traced back to last century. 我们两国之间的往来可以追溯到上个世纪。 这座教堂的历史可以追溯到13世纪。
____________________________________
____________________________________ 她很怕水,起因可归于儿时的一次事故。
____________________________________
____________________________________ The history of this church dates from/back to the 13th century. Her fear of water can be traced back to a childhood accident.
1. But what I remembered most is moving a lot.
但是我记忆最深的就是多次搬家。
主语从句是what I remembered most，谓语
是is moving，状语是a lot。
what 用来引导名词性(主，宾，表，同位语)
从句，同时在从句中担当句子成分。其含义
分解为：the＋n.＋that从句，意为“……的”。
引导从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；如
果表语是复数名词，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What surprised us most is that he was late. (what充当主语)最让我们吃惊的是他迟到了。 What he bought yesterday are 3 books. (what充当宾语)他昨天买的是3本书。 她已经不是几年前的她了。
____________________________________ 我想要的是两本汉英字典。
____________________________________
____________________________________ 使我担心的是我无法及时完成工作。
____________________________________
____________________________________ She is not what she was a few years ago. What I want are two Chinese-English dictionaries. What worries me is that I can’t finish the work in time. 2. But the house on Mango Street is not the way
they described it at all.
但是芒果街上的房子完全不是他们所描述
的样子。
the way+定语从句
当the way作先行词,其后接定语从句时,从句
可用in which或that引导,也可省略。 She smiles the way (that / in which) her mother does. 她笑起来和她妈妈一样。 I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at him. 我不喜欢你嘲笑他的方式。 3. 比较结构：as…as…等
as…as…意为“和……一样……”,表示同级的
比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词,第二个
as为连词。其基本用法为as+adj. / adv.+as…
This film is as interesting as that one (is).
这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
Your pen writes as smoothly as mine (does).
你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。 其否定式为not as / so+adj. / adv.+as…结构。 This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think it is. 这部字典不如你想象的那样有用。 I didn’t catch as many as I had expected. 我抓到的不如我预想的那么多。 若有修饰成分,如twice, three times, half, a quarter 等,则其必须置于第一个as之前。 You are not half as clever as you think you are. 你可不像自己想象的一半聪明。
几个关于as…as…的常见句型： ①as…as possible / sb. can 尽可能的
Please answer my question as soon as possible.
请尽快回答我的问题。
②as…as usual / before 像以前一样……
She looks as pretty as before.
她看起来和以前一样漂亮。
③as long as 达……之久；和……一样长；只
要(引导条件状语从句)
It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan. 我们花了长达3年时间才完成这项计划。 ④as far as 远至；就……而论,据……
He walked as far as the railway station yesterday
evening.
昨天晚上,他一直散步到火车站。
⑤as well as 和……一样好；也；既……
又……；除……外,还……
She sings as well as she plays.
她唱得好,弹得也好。 He gave me his help as well as his criticism. 他除了给我批评外,还给我帮助。(这时强调帮助)
as black as coal 像煤一样黑 as brave as a lion 像狮子一样勇敢 as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 as deep as a well 像井一样深 as easy as ABC 像ABC一样容易 as fat as a pig 像猪一样肥 as firm as rock 像岩石一样坚固 as free as a bird 像小鸟一样自由 as happy as a king 像国王一样快乐 as blind as a bat 像蝙蝠一样瞎 as hot as fire 像火一样热 as light as a feather 像羽毛一样轻 as patient as an ox 像牛一样能忍耐 as poor as a church mouse
像教堂的老鼠一样贫穷 as quick as lightning 像闪电一样快 as soft as butter 像黄油一样软 as sweet as honey 像蜜一样甜 as white as snow 像雪一样白 as stupid as a donkey 像驴子一样笨 as rich as a Jew 像犹太人一样富裕 as wise as Solomon 像所罗门一样聪明
如何写好并列句(二)
辨清不同功能的并列连词
在写作中，我们必须认真分析被连接起来的简单句之间内在的逻辑关系，然后选择恰当的并列连词，才能真正写出质量好的并列句。
请认真研读以下并列句，分析其逻辑关系。试试看，如果用别的功能的并列句连词替换，逻辑关系是否会仍然成立？ 【例1】 The plane made a sudden turn and all the passengers fell sideward. 【点拨】后一个分句的意思在前一个分句的意思的基础上有递进。
【例2】 He failed many times, but he didn't despair.
【点拨】后一个分句的意思不是前一个分句意思的顺接，而是出现转折的结果。
【例3】 We stayed at home, for it was raining. 【点拨】后一个分句是前一个分句的原因的补充。
【例4】 He didn't work hard, so he failed in the examination.
【点拨】后一个分句是前一个分句的原因的补充。
【例5】 Hurry up, or you'll be late for class. 【点拨】后一个分句的结果与前一个分句的结果是相反的。
由以上的例句可见，并列连词的选择也是要遵循句子间的逻辑关系，如果不小心，同样会犯逻辑错误。
请根据所给句子的信息及所提供的并列连词完成句子 1.This girl did her work carefully, so… ________________________________________________________________________ 2. I have to study harder, or… _____________________________________________
This girl did her work carefully, so she never made any mistakes.
I have to study harder, or I will fall behind others.
3. I want to buy the jacket, but… ________________________________________________________________________ 4. She didn't come to school today, for… ___________________________________________ 5. You have to learn English, and… ________________________________________________________________________
I want to buy the jacket, but I do not have enough money.
She didn't come to school today, for she was ill.
You have to learn English, and you must learn it well. Part 2 Of 2 7. damage, destroy与 ruin
这三个词都有“破坏；损坏”的意思，区别如下： ①damage一般暗示损坏或破坏具体的物品，损坏后价值或效益会降低。这种损坏是部分性的，程度不那么严重，还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西，有时该词也用于比喻。 Haiti suffered great damage from the earthquake. 海地因为地震蒙受了巨大的损失。 ②destroy通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”，一般情况下不可以修复再用。另外，它既可表示毁坏具体的物品，也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。 ③ruin多用于比喻中，有时指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度，还可指价值或用途降低等。注意ruin作名词的一些短语： in ruins成为废墟 lead to one's ruin 导致某人的垮台 go to ruin/fall into ruin/come to ruin 衰落，败落 ruin one's hopes 使希望破灭 The accident ruined all his life. 这个事故毁了他一生。 1. 他们的传统生活方式被完全破坏了。 Their traditional way of life has been ________ completely. 2. 这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。 The earthquake did a lot of ____________ to the city. 3. 我被那场官司毁了。我倾家荡产了。 I ____________ by that law case; I'm a ruined man.
【答案】 1. destroyed 2. damage 3. was ruined
8. shape
①n. 形状,定形,身材
in the shape of 成……的形状
The gate was in the shape of a circle.
这个大门呈圆形。
out of shape 走样,变形
The wheel had been twisted out of shape.
轮子已扭曲变形了。
take shape 成形
The garden is beginning to take shape.
这花园逐渐像样了。 ②vt. 做成某物的形状,常用搭配shape sth. into sth.
shape the cracker into an animal
把饼干做成动物的样子 ③vt. 对某人、某物有着重大影响,决定某事物
的性质
It was the Greeks who shaped the thinking of
Western men.
正是希腊人影响了西方人的思维。 9. observe vt. 观察；注意到；遵守；庆祝 We observed that it had turned cloudy. 我们注意到天已经变阴了。 observe a rule 遵守规则 observe a person's birthday 庆祝某人的生日 observe sb. do sth. / doing sth.
看到某人做某事/正在做某事 observe on / upon… 说……；评论…… observer n.
观察者；遵守者；评论者
observant adj.
善于观察的，机警的
observation n.
观察，注意
observatory n.
天文台；气象台；观察台 1. 他们忠实地遵守规则。 They faithfully ____________. 2. 全世界的中国人都庆祝春节。 Chinese all over the world ____________ the Spring Festival.
【答案】 1. observed the rules 2. observe
10. spare
①adj. 闲暇的,多余的,备用的
We have no spare room for a table.
我们没有放桌子的空地方。
I have no spare money this month.
这个月我没有余钱。
②vt. 抽出，腾出，让给
I can’t spare you for that job; you must finish
this one first.
我不能让你去做那件事；你必须先把这件做完。
spare sb. / sth. 不伤害某人或者某物 spare sb. sth. / spare sth. for sb.
为某人提供时间或者金钱 spare no effort/pains doing sth. / in sth.
不遗余力地做某事
I am so busy that I can’t even spare a minute to
have a rest.
我是如此的忙以致腾不出一分钟来休息一下。 I can assure you we’ve spared no effort pushing
the sales of your products. 我可以向你保证在推销你方产品时我们从没 放松努力。 你空闲时间干什么？
_____________________________________ 我们目前太忙，抽不出人来帮你。
_____________________________________
_____________________________________ What do you do in your spare time? We’re too busy to spare anyone to help you right now.