专题十七 词义猜测
A
(2017·安徽蚌埠第三次质检)
No one gets through life without experiencing many disappointments.Strangely,though,most people seem unprepared for disappointment and react to it in negative ways.They feel depressed or try to escape from their troubles instead of using disappointment as an opportunity for growth.
One negative reaction to disappointment is depression.A woman trying to win a promotion,for example,works hard for over a year in her department.Helen is so sure she will get the promotion.However,the boss names one of Helen’s co-workers for the spot.Deeply depressed,Helen loses her enthusiasm for her job and can barely force herself to show up every day.Helen tells herself that she is a failure and that doing a good job just isn’t worth the work.
Another negative reaction to disappointment is the desire to escape.Kevin fails to get into the college his brother is attending,the college that was the focus of all his dreams,and decides to escape his disappointment.Why worry about college at all?Instead,he covers up his real feelings by giving up on his school-work and getting completely involved with friends,parties,and “good times”.
The positive way to react to disappointment is to use it as a chance for growth.This isn’t easy,but it’s the only useful way to deal with an inevitable part of life.Helen,the woman who was not promoted,could have handled her disappointment by looking at other options.If her boss did not recognize her talent and hard work,perhaps she could transfer to another department.Or she could ask the boss how to improve her performance so that she could prepare for the next promotion.Kevin,the boy who didn’t get into the college of his choice,should look into other schools.Going to another college may encourage him to be his own person,step out of his brother’s shadow,and realize that being turned down by one college isn’t a final judgment on his abilities or potential.
Disappointments are unwelcome,but regular visitors to everyone’s life.We can feel depressed about them or we can try to escape from them.The best thing,though,is to accept a disappointment and then try to use it somehow:Step over the unwelcome visitor on the doorstep and get on with life.
1.In this passage,the author .
A.analyzes the cause of disappointment
B.describes his personal experience in dealing with disappointment
C.criticizes Helen and Kevin’s negative responses to disappointment
D.offers specific examples of the ways people deal with disappointment
2.From the context,the word “options” (Para.4) means .
A.ways B.choices
C.places D.jobs
3.In the author’s opinion,Helen should instead of feeling depressed.
A.work even harder to get better than her promoted co-worker
B.stand the pressure and competition
C.win a good opinion from the boss by seeking his advice
D.move into another department to have her talent and hard work appreciated
4.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this selection?
A.Disappointment is an inevitable (不可避免的) part of life and we have to handle it in a positive way.
B.Life is made up of a series of disappointments.We have to accept them.
C.There are two kinds of reactions to disappointment.
D.Most people react to disappointment in negative ways.
B
(2017·石家庄质检二)
Sir John,a British scientist who won last year’s Nobel Prize for Medicine,said he had predicted at the time of his frog experiments that the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within 50 years,and that “maybe the same answer is appropriate” for the step to human cloning.Parents who lose children in accidents may be able to clone “copies” to replace them then.
Although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complex moral issues,the biologist claimed people would soon overcome their concerns if the technique became medically useful.Cloning was regarded with extreme doubts when it was first developed but became widely accepted after the birth of Louise Brown,the first “test tube baby”.He said,“When my first frog experiment was done,an American reporter asked how long it will be before these things can be done in mammals or humans.I said,‘Well,it could be anywhere between 10 years and 100 years—how about 50 years?’It turned out that it wasn’t far off the mark as far as Dolly was concerned.Maybe the same answer is appropriate.”Sir John added that cloning a human being effectively means making an identical twin,and doctors would therefore simply be “copying what nature has already produced”.
The average vote on allowing parents of deceased children,who are no longer fertile(能生育的),to create another using the mother’s eggs and skin cells from the first child,thinking the technique was safe and effective,is 60 percent in favor.The reasons for “no” are usually that the new child would feel they were some sort of a replacement for something.
1.Sir John predicted the human cloning would be a reality in at most.
A.100 years B.60 years
C.50 years D.10 years
2.According to the text,which statement is NOT true?
A.Louise Brown is the first “test tube baby”.
B.Human cloning is still a controversial topic.
C.Sir John is positive about the future of human cloning.
D.Human cloning is creating something that didn’t exist before.
3.The underlined word “identical” probably means “ ”.
A.same B.special
C.new D.clear
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A. The life of Sir John.
B.Prediction on human cloning.
C.Views on human cloning.
D.Achievements in human cloning.
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A
1.D 写作方法题。该篇文章以多个事件说明了人们应对失望时的做法,并给出了建议,故D项正确。
2.B 词义猜测题。该词所在句子的后面部分说明了没有被提拔的Helen可以有其他的几个假设的选择,故此处options相当于choices,表示“选择”,故B项正确。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中“If her boss did not recognize her talent and hard work,perhaps she could transfer to another department.”一句可知作者的建议,故D项正确。
4.A 主旨大意题。作者主要讲述了在面对失望时我们可以有不同的选择,我们应积极面对,而不应消极应对,故A项正确。
B
【语篇导读】诺贝尔医学奖得主——英国科学家约翰称,那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术,让他们的子女“重生”。
1.C 细节理解题。依据文章第一段可知,约翰表示,未来50年内,克隆技术将可以成功应用于人类。故选C项。
2.D 细节理解题。依据第二段中的“after the birth of Louise Brown,the first ‘test tube baby’”排除A项;文章最后一段说明克隆人类赞成者占6成,依旧存在争议,故排除B项;第二段Sir John的话表明,他对克隆人类充满了希望,故排除C项;第二段的最后一句说明克隆技术只能克隆已经存在的人。故选D项。
3.A 词义猜测题。依据第二段中的“doctors would therefore simply be ‘copying what nature has already produced’”可知,医生只是复制已经存在的人,故选A项。
4.B 主旨大意题。作者在文中讲述了去年获得诺贝尔医学奖的英国科学家对克隆人类的前景的预测。故选B项。