“Usually it’s between fifty and seventy dollars to 10
a textbook for each student, which 11 up to nearly eight million dollars for all of our students in Fairfax County. We 12
have purchased all of the online textbooks for our students for just under six million dollars.” 10. A. rent
B. download
C. buy
D. record 11. A. stands B. looks
C. makes
D. add 12. A. actually
B. unwillingly
C. hopefully
D. fortunately
But the students also need
13
to the Internet when they are not at school. About ten percent of students in Fairfax County do not have a computer or online access at 14 .
Stephen Castillo is one of them. He has to go to the public library, which has free 15
.
13. A. entrance
B. approach
C. access
D. admission 14. A. school
B. work
C. hand
D. home 15. A. seats
B. Internet
C. textbooks
D. homework (三十八)本文主要讲述在美国Fairfax County, Virginia，中学生使用电子书的情况。
1. B
由句中的some teachers teach可推出。learn与teach是词语同现。 2. D
根据句意及搭配可知。attend school意为“上学”。 3. B
句首的Electronic books有明确提示。与book是原词复现。 4. A
根据常识，原来学生用的自然是印刷的书。 5. A
根据上句的Luke Rosa is a history teacher可知。student与teacher是词语同现。 6. C
由句中的except it’s got all online可推出电子书就像常规书籍一样。 7. D
根据句意可知填update（更新）。 8. B
由空后的online textbooks can change right along可知。与change是原词复现。 9. A
本段末句中的for just under six million dollars有暗示，just是题眼。 10. C
根据句意很容易得出答案。 11. D
根据前面的each和后面的all及搭配可知。 12. A
由句意及语境可以推出答案。 13. C
下句中的do not have a computer or online access有提示。与access是原词复现。 14. D
上句中的when they are not at school就是在家的时候。home与school是词语同现。 15. B
上句说do not have a computer or online access，这里说他去图书馆，其目的自然是上网。
When you are having class in the early morning, it is not unusual to notice your classmate sitting beside you yawning. He
1
that he didn’t have a sound sleep the night before. Many
2
don’t get adequate sleep because they are burdened with too much homework, which keeps them up at night doing countless exercise. Some teens cannot 3
at night even when they want to so much.
1. A. yells
B. proves
C. claims
D. complains 2. A. adults
B. teens
C. parents
D. teachers 3. A. study
B. work
C. sleep
D. communicate (三十九)
Researches show that during your teenage years, the body’s biological clock is reset,
4 you to sleep later at night and wake up
5
in the morning. But
6
in the body clock aren’t the only reason teens lose sleep.
4. A. ordering
B. telling
C. requiring
D. advising
5. A. sooner
B. earlier
C. quicker
D. later 6. A. changes
B. moves
C. patterns
D. model Lots of people have insomnia(失眠). The most common 7 of insomnia is stress. But all sorts of things can lead to insomnia, including
8
discomfort, emotional troubles and even sleeping environment. It’s common for everyone to have insomnia occasionally. But if it
9
for a month or more, go and consult a doctor. 7. A. phenomenon
B. factor
C. cause
D. result 8. A. mental
B. physical
C. biological
D. medical 9. A. helps
B. reports
C. stops
D. lasts
Most teens have 10 sometimes, which may make them sweat. But, if they are too frequent, a person’s sleep pattern can be seriously 11 . The most common cause of them is emotional
12 , such as fear, stress or anxiety.
10. A. nightmares
B. dreams
C. stress
D. change 11. A. improved
B. destroyed
C. advanced
D. affected 12. A. issue
B. affair
C. problems
D. things If you have them a lot, you’re also supposed to talk to a 13 .
Medical specialists encourage teens to make lifestyle changes to help them develop good sleeping 14 .Most probably you know that a cup of coffee can keep you 15 at night, but did you know that playing video games or watching TV does the same? 13. A. doctor
B. desk-mate
C. teacher
D. friend 14. A. idea
B. habits
C. time
D. environment
15. A. asleep
B. alive
C. awake
D. annoyed (三十九)本文作者主要分析了青少年睡眠不足导致上课打瞌睡的原因，并提出了一些建议。 1. D
根据后面从句的内容可以推出。
2. B
下句的Some teens cannot 3 at night有提示。与teens是原词复现。 3. C
上句的Many 2 don’t get adequate sleep有明确提示。与sleep是原词复现。 4. B
根据主语biological clock可知，生物钟只可能叫人做某事，其他选项的主语一般是人。 5. D
由句中的to sleep later，再根据常识可知。与later是原词复现。 6. A
根据句意及上下文可推出答案。 7. C
根据上句中的aren’t the only reason可知。cause与reason是近义词复现。 8. B
由句中的emotional troubles可知。physical与emotional是词语同现。 9. D
根据本句意可知。 10. A
根据which may make them sweat可推出是噩梦让青少年晚上出汗。 11. D
根据本句意很容易选出答案。 12. C
由such as fear, stress or anxiety可知。problem与fear, stress or anxiety是上下义复现。 13. A
上段句末的go and consult a doctor有提示。与doctor是原词复现。 14. B
根据make changes可知。habit与lifestyle是词语同现。 15. C
由句意及常识可知答案为C。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks
1 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more
2
than we realize. In fact, non-verbal communication(非言语交际)takes up about 50% of what we really 3
.
1. A. louder
B. straighter
C. harder
D. further 2. A. sounds
B. invitations
C. feelings
D. messages 3. A. hope
B. receive
C. discover
D. mean
(三十四) And body language is particularly
4
when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so much a part of us that it’s
5
often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. For example, different societies treat the
6
between people differently.
4. A. immediate
B. misleading
C. important
D. difficult 5. A. currently
B. excitedly
C. actually
D. particularly 6. A. trade
B. distance
C. friendship
D. situation Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact even with friends, certainly not with
7
. People from Latin American countries, on the other hand, touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it possible that in
8
, it may look like a Latino is
9
a Norwegian all over the room.
7. A. strangers
B. relatives
C. neighbours
D. enemies 8. A. trouble
B. conversation
C. silence
D. experiment 9. A. disturbing
B. helping
C. guiding
D. following The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving closer. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as rudeness, will keep 10
,which the Latino will in return regard as 11 .
Clearly, a great deal is going on when people
12 .
10. A. stepping forward B. going on
C. backing away
D. coming out 11. A. weakness
B. carelessness
C. friendliness
D. coldness 12. A. talk
B. travel
C. laugh
D. think And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from 13 cultures, there’s a strong possibility
of misunderstanding. But whatever the situation, the best
14
is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 15 .
13. A. different
B. European
C. Latino
D. rich 14. A. chance
B. time
C. advice
D. result 15. A. noticed
B. treated
C. respected
D. pleased (三十四)本文是一篇说明文。作者以拉丁美洲人和挪威人为例，认为身势语比言辞更有效，而身势语却常常被人们忽视。在进行跨文化交流过程中，身势语尤为重要。最好的建议是：对待别人像你希望被对待的那样。 1. A
上文的most powerful language跟speaks louder是因果的逻辑关系。此句中it指代上文的body language。此处的louder意为“声音更大”，即“更有说服力”。 2. D
本文是讲身势语，当然是身体发出“信息(messages)”。句意为“我们的身体传递更多的信息”。干扰项feelings意为“感觉,情感”。 3. D
因non-verbal communication(非言语交际)就是body language, 根据常识, 语言就是表达我们的意思的，故选mean。句意为“非言语交际占据了50%我们真正想要表达的意思”。 4. C
根据常识以及后文的拉丁美洲人和挪威人交流的举例, 可以知道身体语言在跨文化交流中非常“重要”。 5. C
由句首的Indeed(=In fact)可知，虽然身势语很重要，但“事实上(actually)却常为人们所忽视”。 6. B
上下义同现。根据后文的拉丁美洲人和挪威人身体接触的举例可知，是接触的“距离”的差异。 7. A
本句的关键词是not…even with friends，故选A，certainly not with strangers。Friends与strangers是反义词同现。 8. B
根据后文在房间里这一语境可知他们是在谈话聊天。故选B。 9. D
根据上文的Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact(接触)和People from Latin American countries touch each other quite a lot可知, 欧美人不喜欢身体接触，而拉美人喜欢接触。当一个拉丁美洲人与一个挪威人遇到一块时，就有可能出现一进一退的现象，因此可想象拉丁美洲人在房间追着(follow)挪威人团团转的情景。 10. C
根据第9题的解释，拉美人是“跟着”欧洲人，欧洲人不喜欢这样，所以是退让。back away意为“后退”。 11. D
根据上句，想表达友好的拉美人不断地靠近，而欧洲人却不断地退缩，故被拉美人认为是冷漠，即coldness。coldness与rudeness是近义复现。 12. A
根据后文的in the words可知，选talk。talk与words词语同现。 13. A
由下文的misunderstanding可知，应是来自“不同”文化的一群人。party意为“群，组”。 14. C
句意为“不管什么样的情景，最好的建议是遵守这样的黄金规则”。根据本句中的to obey the Golden Rule这显然是“建议”。 15. B
句意为“对待别人像你希望被对待的那样。”即“你想别人怎样对待你，你就怎样对待别人。” treat与treated是原词复现。
Advertising is about creating images, and this is especially true when advertising food and drinks. What the 1
looks like is more important than what it tastes like. If companies hope to sell food successfully, the food must
2
appetizing.
Television advertising of food often uses
3 .
1. A. company B. food C. image
D. milk 2. A. look
B. taste C. sound
D. smell 3. A. sound
B. sense
C. movement
D. imagination (三十五) Apparently, food looks especially appetizing if it moves. Chocolate sauce looks much more
4
when you see it being poured over ice cream than it does just sitting in a jar.
5
effects also help to sell food: sausages sizzling (咝咝响)in a frying pan are mouth-watering. A TV
6
for a brand of coffee had the sound of coffee percolating(过滤)in the background.
4. A. beautiful B. natural
C. clean
D. delicious 5. A. Action
B. Television
C. Music
D. Sound 6. A. advertisement
B. program
C. show
D. speech The commercial was so 7
that it lasted five years.
The
8
of food and its packaging are also very important. If the color looks
9 , people won’t eat it. Nobody would normally eat blue bread or drink blue beer. Other 10 food colors are purple, gray, and in some cases, white. 7. A. noisy
B. expensive
C. successful
D. long 8. A. price
B. name
C. brand
D. color 9. A. right
B. great
C. interesting
D. wrong 10. A. unknown
B. unpopular
C. practical
D. famous
How people expect something to taste often influences how it 11 does taste. Researchers gave some mineral water to two groups of people. They told one group that the water was mineral water, and almost all people said, “It tastes
12
.”Then the researchers told the other group that the water was tap water. This group said the water tasted a little funny.
11. A. actually
B. especially
C. elegantly
D. seriously 12. A. strange B. funny C. good D. salty The word tap created an
13
image of chlorine (氯).
It is the same with
14
. A food manufacturer gave a group of people the same
15
in a glass jar and in a can and asked them to taste it. They all claimed that the product in the glass jar tasted better. So it seems to be true. Image is everything. 13. A. unhappy
B. unusual
C. unpleasant
D. unbelievable 14. A. advertising
B. packaging
C. producing
D. tasting 15. A. product B. water C. meat D. coffee (三十五)本文是说明文，作者从外形、声音、颜色和包装四个方面介绍了成功的食品广告的特点。 1. B
根据上句可知。与food是原词复现。 2. A
上句中的What the1looks like is more important有提示。与look是原词复现。 3. C
由下句中的if it moves可知。move与movement是同根词复现。 4. D
根据前句中的food looks especially appetizing可推出。delicious与appetizing是近义词复现。 5. D
由句中的sausages sizzling(咝咝响)可推出。sound与sizzling是上下义复现。 6. A
本文第一句中的when advertising food and drinks明显作了提示。advertisement与advertising是同根词复现。 7. C
根据句中的it lasted five years可推出该广告非常成功。故选C。 8. D
下句If the color looks有明确提示。与color是原词复现。 9. D
逻辑推理，由句中的people won’t eat it不难推出答案。
10. B
根据前句内容及本句的other可知。 11. A
由句意可推出填actually。
12. C
根据常识及语境可知。
13. C
由上句的tasted a little funny可推出。unpleasant与funny是近义词复现。 14. B
上文中的The 8of food and its packaging有提示。与packaging是原词复现。 15. A
下句的They all claimed that the product明确告诉了我们答案。与product是原词复现。
Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know whether you think you are a
1
person or a coward(懦夫). But you will never really know the answer to this
2 until you are tested in real life. Some people think they are brave but when they come face to face with real
3
, they act like cowards.
1. A. brave
B. real
C. tough
D. certain 2. A. secret
B. mystery
C. question
D. problem 3. A. 1ife
B. question
C. mouse
D. danger (三十六) Others think of themselves as cowards, but when they meet danger, they act like
4
.
Lenny had always thought of himself as a
5 person. He got worried before examinations. He worried about his job and his health. All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy. Then on January 5th, 2002, a plane
6
into the Potomac River in Washington.
4. A. soldiers
B. heroes
C. mice
D. cowards 5. A. useful
B. brave
C. nervous
D. terrible 6. A. hit
B. crashed
C. struck
D. felt Lenny went to the river to see what was happening. He saw a woman in the 7 water. Lenny did not feel afraid. He kept very
8 and did a very courageous thing. He jumped into Potomac,
9
to the woman, and kept her head above the water.
7. A. flesh
B. poisonous
C. warm
D. cold 8. A. nervous
B. calm
C. frightened
D. brave 9. A. went
B. helped
C. spoke
D. swam Seventy-eight people 10
that day. Thanks to Lenny, it was not seventy-nine.
When you are in a very dangerous 11 and feel afraid, the body automatically produces a chemical in the blood. This chemical is called adrenalin(肾上腺素). With adrenalin in the blood system you actually feel stronger and stronger and are
12
to fight or run away.
10. A. cried
B. left
C. fled
D. died 11. A. situation
B. dilemma
C. place
D. trap 12. A. afraid
B. unable
C. ready
D. anxious However, when you are absolutely 13 , the body can 14 too much adrenalin. When this happens, the muscles become very hard and you find you can’t 15 at all. You are paralyzed (使瘫痪)with fear.
13. A. excited
B. frightened
C. angry
D. thirsty
14. A. get
B. absorb
C. produce
D. send 15. A. move
B. drive
C. run
D. go (三十六)本文是科普说明文，主要讲述了人们在危急时刻的表现并不一定与平时一样，而是根据当时身体所产生的肾上腺素的多少来决定的。 1. A
根据句中的whether及or a coward可知，brave与coward是词语同现。 2. C
本文第一句就提出了一个问题，故填question。第一句与question是上下义复现。 3. D
根据语境及常识可推出。
4. B
上句与本句形成对比，故填heroes。hero与coward是反义词复现。 5. C
下面两句解释了Lenny是个nervous person。worried与nervous是词语同现。 6. B
由句中的into the Potomac River可推出飞机坠毁到河里了。 7. D
根据前面的January 5th可推出河水是冰冷的。 8. B
上句Lenny did not feel afraid有提示。calm与afraid是词语同现。 9. D
由句中的jumped into Potomac可推出。
10. D
根据语境可知。
11. A
由句意可以推出填situation。
12. C
根据逻辑可知，句中的you actually feel stronger and stronger作了提示。 13. B
本段首句的When you are in a very dangerous12 and feel afraid有提示。frightened与afraid是近义词复现。 14. C
前面的the body automatically produces a chemical有明确提示。与produce是原词复现。 15. A
根据最后一句可推出填move。move与paralyzed是词语同现。
Every summer, hundreds of thousands of students travel to other countries looking for work and adventure. Most of the opportunities are in 1 work. The pay is usually poor, but most people work
2
for the thrill of travel. You can pick grapes in France, entertain kids on American summer camps, and, of course, there are always
3 in hotels and restaurants. 1. A. seasonal
B. mental
C. professional
D. formal 2. A. abroad
B. voluntarily
C. hard
D. continuously 3. A. customers
B. visitors
C. jobs
D. parties (三十七)
But it is not
4
to find work. Unless you speak the language of the country well, there will be very few chances. For example, when you arrive to wash dishes in a restaurant in Paris, the owner will expect you to speak
5 . British students only have a language
6
for jobs in the USA and Australia. 4. A. good
B. bad C. hard D. easy
5. A. English
B. French
C. German
D. Greek
6. A. program
B. lesson
C. advantage
D. exam Not everyone 7
the experience. Sarah James was once responsible for forty American children in Europe. During the
8
, one child lost his passport; four children were lost in Madrid for a whole day; the whole group was thrown out of the hotel because of the
9
they made.
7. A. has
B. enjoys
C. forgets
D. remembers 8. A. trip
B. flight
C. discussion
D. ceremony 9. A. promise
B. progress
C. complaint
D. noise Sarah says, “It really was a 24 hour-a-day job since the kids never 10 ! And the pay was awful. It wasn’t worth it.”
The trouble is that students 11 to have an easy time of it. After all, they see it as a 12 . In practice, though, they have to work hard.
10. A. cried B. studied
C. slept
D. helped 11. A. happen B. expect
C. decide
D. refuse 12. A. job
B. lesson
C. holiday
D. shame
At the same time, all vacation work is casual work, and jobs are 13 only when the hotel, the restaurant, or the campsite is busy. But students have few employment 14 . As soon as the holiday season finishes, companies will get rid of them. And if their employer doesn’t like them, they’ll be 15 , too. 13. A. countless
B. available
C. interesting
D. boring 14. A. experiences
B. rules
C. plans
D. rights 15. A. dismissed
B. charged
C. fined
D. punished (三十七)本文是说明文，作者主要讲述了暑假期间很多学生喜欢出国打工或度假，但其实情况并不是他们想象的那么理想。 1. A
最后一句的As soon as the holiday season finishes有提示。season与seasonal是同根词复现。 2. A
根据第一句中的travel to other countries可推出。abroad与countries是词语同现。 3. C
同样由第一句中的looking for work可知。job与work是近义词复现。 4. D
由下句中的there will be very few chances可推出。
5. B
根据常识可知，在巴黎当然是讲法语。
6. C
由语境及常识（美国和澳洲是讲英语的国家）可推出答案。
7. B
根据接下来对Sarah James所带队伍的描述可知 8. A
由句意及语境可知。
9. D
根据常识，因为孩子们吵闹才会被赶出宾馆。
10. C
根据逻辑，由a 24-hour-a-day job可推出答案。 11. B
由语境可知,孩子们当然是希望在国外轻松舒
12. C
由最后一句中的As soon as the holiday season finishes可知。与holiday是原词复现。 13. B
根据句中的when the hotel, the restaurant, or the campsite is busy可推出。
14. D
下句作了详细的解释。 15. A
上句的get rid of them与此处同义。dismiss与get rid of是近义词复现。
Electronic books have changed the way many people read for pleasure. Now online textbooks are changing the way some students 1 and some teachers teach.
More than 175, 000 students
2
the public schools in Fairfax County, Virginia, outside Washington. Last year, the school system used digital
3
in fifteen schools.
1. A. read
B. learn C. behave
D. speak 2. A. visit
B. leave C. desire
D. attend 3. A. cameras B. books C. libraries
D. data (三十八) This school year, middle schools and high schools changed from
4
to electronic textbooks in their social studies classes.
Luke Rosa is a history teacher at Falls Church High School. His
5
work on school laptop computers. He explains the idea to them this way: “I mean, it’s just like a
6 textbook, except it’s got all online.” 4. A. printed B. ordered
C. used
D. priced 5. A. students
B. colleagues
C. leaders
D. friends 6. A. digital
B. popular
C. regular
D. different
Peter Noonan, a leader of schools, says that with electronic textbooks, publishers can quickly
7
the content with the latest information. He says:
“The world’s
8 consistently, and the online textbooks can change right along with the events that are happening.”
He says digital books also cost 9
than printed textbooks.
7. A. present B. provide
C. charge
D. update 8. A. running
B. changing
C. developing
D. failing
9. A. less
B. more
C. higher
D. better
Bill Pogue teaches communications at the University of Houston-downtown. He says that after leading classes for more than 30 years, he would not attempt to teach a MOOC. However, Mr. Pogue sees good 14
in online education. He noted a strong sense of community in an online course he once took. He said the students could work
15
on the same project while living in different regions. 14. A. idea
B. form
C. value
D. habit 15. A. together
B. along
C. outdoors
D. again
(三十)这是一篇说明文。短文简略地介绍了网络课程“MOOCs”的优点和缺点。 1. D
根据后文…to take a MOOC.可知应选take，表示参加课程的学习常用动词take。同词复现。 2. A
根据后文a network connection，与网络连接有关的自然是电脑了。 3. C
根据上下文语境，这里指MOOCs传统的说法是远程学习，故选C。 4. C
根据or mostly应选partly，表示大学提供的课程有些是部分网上传授或大部分网上传授。反义同现。 5. B
根据前文work quite well，此空应填effective表示像艺术这样的网络课程也会像旧的教学方式那样有效果吗？ 6. B
根据both good and…，这里应选bad表示Scott Anderson看到了MOOCs好的方面和不好的方面。反义同现。 7. A
网络课程自然是学生听讲座(lecture)。 8. A
当学生听讲座时，他们没有特别的理由需要人亲自到场去听，故填physically。 9. C
根据语境和句意：网络课程无需面对面教学，故这种课程学生数量的增加就意味着学生与老师之间的交流就更少了。反义同现。 10. D
Scott Anderson说处理这个问题的两个办法是通过增加更多老师和设立网上讨论小组。表“设立、建立”用set up。 11. B
前面提到Lisa Jadwin说她的网络课程的一些缺点，而只有lost才符合语境，表示：网络教育所失去的东西就是面对面的互动交流。 12. D
根据前面face-to-face interaction，此空应选interactive。同根词复现。 13. D
根据语境Lisa Jadwin所表达的观点是旧的教学方式是不会很快被计算机辅助教学所取代，只有remove才符合此意。很多考生误选taken，是因为他们不知道take away才有“取代”之意。 14. C
前面提到Bill Pogue说他不会尝试教网络课程，说明这种课程不值得提倡。但后面有一个However转折词，说明他看到了这种课程有好的一面，只有value符合语境，即他看到此课程的有价值的一面。 15. A
句意是：生活在不同的地区可以一起(together)学习同一门课程。故选A。
In America，drivers education is part of the regular high school curriculum. Every student in his or her second year of high school is required to
1
a class in drivers education.
However，unlike other
2
，it is not given during the
3
school year. Instead it is a summer course.
1. A. give
B. take
C. start
D. seat 2. A. schools
B. practices
C. operations
D. courses 3. A. basic
B. extra
C. regular
D. special (三十一)
The course is divided up into two parts:
class time for learning laws and
4
and driving time to practice driving. Class time is not unlike any other class. The students have a
5
from which they study the basic
6
they must know to pass the written driving test that is given to anyone wanting to get a driver’s
7
. 4. A. features
B. regulations
C. operations
D. instructions
5. A. text
B. chance
C. practice
D. test 6. A. laws
B. skills
C. signs
D. parts 7. A. experience
B. education
C. license
D. curriculum Driving time is a chance for the students to get behind the steering wheel and practice start，steering，backing up，parking，switching lanes，turning corners，and all the other operations
8
to drive a car. Each student is required to drive a total of six
9
.The students are divided up into groups of four. The students and the instructor go out driving for two-hour blocks of time.
8. A. separated
B . intended
C. required
D. mixed 9. A. courses B. hours
C. tests
D. classes Thus，each student gets half an hour driving time per outing. The instructor and “driver” sit in 10 seats and the other three students sit in the back.
Drivers ED cars are unlike other cars in which they have two sets of brakes，one on driver
side and one on the other side where the 11 sits. Thus，if the student driver should run into 12 ，the instructor can take over.
10. A. driving
B. passenger
C. front
D. window 11. A. examiner
B. instructor
C. operator
D. passenger 12. A. difficulties
B. blocks
C. outings
D. corners The car also has another
13
feature. On the top of the car is a sign that 14 : STUDENT DRIVER. That lets nearby drivers know that they should use extra caution because the student driver is a beginning driver，not very experienced and intended to drive
15
.
13. A. basic
B. strange
C. similar
D. special 14. A. reads
B. writes C. warns
D. tells 15. A. quickly
B. regularly
C. practically
D. slowly
(三十一)本文是一篇说明文，讲述了在美国驾驶教育是正规高中学校的课程的一部分，二年级每个学生都得上驾驶课并通过考试。 1. B
根据搭配：take a class学生上课；give a class老师上课。 2. D
根据后文 Instead it is a summer course, 原词复现。 3. C
根据第一段 the regular high school curriculum 可知， 这里指正规学年或普通学年。原词复现。 4. B
前面的laws与regulations(法则)是并列关系。 5. A
根据前面Class time is not unlike any other class. 和后文from which…the written driving test…可知学生有课本学习为通过驾驶笔试的基本法规。 6. A
要通过驾驶考试就得学习基本道路交通法规。 7. C
学习驾驶最终要获得驾驶执照，D选项符合语境。 8. C
前文提到的steering，backing up，parking，switching lanes，turning corners等都是开车必要的操作，故选C。 9. B
根据后文提到的two-hour和half an hour提示，这里表示意思是：每个学生需要开六小时的车，下文就是这六个小时的分配。 10. C
根据后文the other three students sit in the back得知，教练和司机坐在前面，即驾驶座和副驾驶的座位。 11. B
教练车有两套刹车系统，一套在司机那一边，另一套在教练那一边。 12. A
如果学员遇到麻烦，教练就要接管。很多考生先入为主选B，其实学开车会遇到很多麻烦，不单单是遇到障碍物。 13. D
根据后一句可以得知，教练车还有另外一个专用功能部件，即车顶有一个挂有“教练车”的标志牌。 14. A
标志牌上写着什么内容，英语的习惯表达用read或say。很多考生受汉语的影响而选了B。 15. D
根据前文That lets nearby drivers know that they should use extra caution，初学驾驶者，也就是没有经验的驾驶者开车开得慢，也提醒其他司机要小心开车。
How can you tell if someone’s lying? The answer is, they’re probably not.
Traditional economics says that people are
1 human beings who will lie if it’s to their advantage. A recent university study has shown that, actually, we’re pretty
2
—especially when we’re at home. 1. A. poor
B. kind
C. generous
D. reasonable 2. A. honest
B. strict
C. calm
D. afraid (三十二)
Researchers in Germany
3
people at home
and asked them to toss (投掷) a coin. There was a strong
4
incentive (刺激) to lie about the result:
if the coin landed tails-up, the participants would receive money, while if the coin landed heads-up, they would get nothing. Because they were on the phone, they knew there was no
5
of getting caught if they lied. 3. A. visited
B. saw
C. phoned
D. caught 4. A. mental
B. financial
C. technical
D. educational 5. A. idea
B. need
C. evidence
D. risk And yet people told the
6
. Over hundreds of tosses, a coin will land tails-up about 50% of the time. In this
7
over half the people asked (55.6%) said that the coin landed heads-up, which meant they would receive nothing.
Previous studies had found that people were more
8
.
6. A. difference
B. truth
C. story
D. secret 7. A. case
B. interview
C. speech
D. study 8. A. faithful
B. grateful
C. disappointed
D. dishonest In those laboratory studies, 75% of people reported a
9
coin and asked for a reward. So the research team thinks it’s being in our own homes that makes us play fair, although it’s not yet clear why.
In fact both types of study show people are surprisingly
10
. Even in the laboratory, 25% of people
11
a reward by telling the truth.
9. A. missing
B. losing
C. winning
D. shining l0. A. reliable
B. greedy
C. brave
D. wealthy 11. A. received
B. refused
C. won
D. required The researchers say this is because honesty is 12 valued in human society. We care about our 13
and our sense of ourselves as decent(体面的) people. So lying has a psychological 14 and it seems this cost is more important than the financial benefits of
15
.
12. A. highly
B. normally
C. formally
D. poorly 13. A. money
B. family
C. jobs
D. reputation 14. A. reason
B. effect
C. cost
D. function 15. A. studying
B. lying
C. phoning
D. reporting
(三十二)本文是说明文，虽然有时人们会为了自身的利益而撒谎，但从本质上讲人还是讲诚信的，为了维护自己的声誉，人们并不愿意去撒谎而承受内心的煎熬。 1. D
根据该句的从句if it’s to their advantage应该选D, 该句的意思是：传统经济学认为人们如果出于对自身的利益而撒谎还是情有可原的。 2. A
根据第四段第二句可知，大部分的人们还是讲诚信的。 3. C
由下文Because they were on the phone…可知，此处表示通过电话调查。 4. B
如果硬币背面朝上，参加者将会得到金钱刺激。financial “金融的，财政的”，符合语境，与下文 “…would receive money 相照应。 5. D
因为是在电话里，即使他们撒谎也没有被抓住的风险。no risk of doing sth 是“做某事没有风险”。很多考生先入为主选C。 6. B
根据下文，有一半以上的人都说了实话，因此此处表示人们还是说了真话。 7. D
由第二段第二句“A recent university study has shown that…”可知，此处是指在进行一项研究。
8. D
根据下文75% of people reported a 9 coin and asked for a reward. 可知很多人只是为了奖金，故此处暗指人们在实验室里进行的实验中表现得不诚实。 9. C
根据asked for a reward可知，此处是指大多数人说是硬币背面朝上，即能赢钱的那一面朝上。 10. A
此空选reliable是与下文的telling the truth相对应。 11. B
根据上一段75% of people reported a 9 coin and asked for a reward. 可知，此处指有25%的人说了实话拒绝了奖励。 12. A
根据下文We care about our 13
and our sense of ourselves as decent(体面的) people. 可知在人类社会中人们高度看重诚信的。 13. D
根据下文our sense of ourselves as decent(体面的) people，此处应填一个与其意思接近的名词，只有reputation符合。 14. C
根据后半句…this cost is more important…可知应填cost，同词复现。 15. B
此处于上文第二段中human being who will lie if it’s to their advantage相照应，本文的主题也与撒谎有关。
Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to
1
our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?
Despite huge
2
in cultures, heroes around the world
3
share a number of similar characteristics that instruct and
4
people. 1. A. laugh
B. question
C. ask
D. think 2. A. difference
B. similarities
C. changes
D. suggestions 3. A. gradually
B. logically
C. generally
D. totally 4. A. frighten
B. surprise
C. damage
D. inspire (三十三)
A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will
5
But a hero goes beyond mere fame.
Heroes serve powers or principles
6
than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by
7
. 5. A. listen
B. enjoy
C. ignore
D. hate 6. A. poorer
B. smaller
C. larger
D lower 7. A. parents
B. Children
C. neighbors
D. ordinaries
The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who
8
a real hero will experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they
9 to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be
10
persons but not heroes.
8. A. imitate
B. dislike
C. think
D. select 9. A. bored
B. willing
C. hopeless
D. doubtful 10. A. admiring
B. Selfish
C. famous
D. careless Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more 11 ?
Heroes can make things change 12
.They have a 13
from the mountaintop.
11. A. dreadful
B. meaningful
C. useful
D. thankful 12. A. luckily
B. Beautifully
C. quickly
D. awfully 13. A. vision
B. stand
C. step
D. climb They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They
14
new possibilities. It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with attractive personalities, but the pace of change would be
15
and the vision uncertain. 14. A. recover
B. create
C. instruct
D. lighten
15. A. certain
B. stable
C. weak
D. slow
(三十三)本文是说明文。介绍了“英雄”的真正含义及其作用。 1. B
根据下文This leads us to ask: What is a hero? 故选question表示“质疑”、“怀疑”之意。 2. A
由despite和下文 “similar” 相对应，此处是指尽管各种文化之间有着巨大的“差异”。反义词复现。 3. C
由句中share a number of similar…可知，世界各地的英雄在性格方面通常有很多共同点。 4. D
此空与instruct一词是为并列关系。 5. A
因listen与前面提到的tell是相对关系，有人讲故事，就有人听故事。 6. C
由下文Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers…可知，此空要填larger一词与higher对应，此句意思是：英雄们遵从比他们自己 “更强大”的力量及理论思想。 7. D
根据上文的Heroes serve…，词处应填ordinaries，表示“英雄们把高尚的力量转化为普通老百姓可以使用的力量。” 8. A
根据前面的imitation, 此空应填A。同根词复现。 9. B
根据前面life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning，此空应选willing，此句表示的意思是：他们的言行以什么或谁为准则？他们愿意为什么而舍生忘死？ 10. C
根据下文中的famous,此空应选C，表示：如果有答案或证据表明他们只图自己的名望，这样的人可能会成为“名人”，但并非英雄。同词复现。 11. B
Madonna 和 Michael Jackson 很有名，但谁会认为他们的粉丝能够因此而生活得更加“充实”呢？B选项meaningful “有意义的，充实的”符合语境。 12. C
根据下文large-scale change，此空应填quickly，表示的意思是：英雄是促使变化发生的催化剂。 13. A
根据下文的mountaintop，此空应填vision，表示“视力，视野”之意。 14. B
由句中的new 可知，此处应指“创造”、“挖掘”之意，即他们“创造”了新的可能的事。 15. D
由下文的uncertain 可知，此空应填slow 表示变革的步伐会“缓慢不前”，前景举棋不定。因果关系。 说明文 (二十八)
(2016上海)Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we habitually do with it? We
1
. About others’ behavior and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out-and why.
So why are we keen on gossiping(说长道短)? Are we just natural
2
, of both time and words?
1. A. claim
B. argue
C. gossip
D. quarrel 2. A. admirers
B. masters
C. users
D. wasters Or do we talk a lot about nothing in
3
simply
to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.
4
, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution (进化) of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really
5 issues. 3. A. general
B. particular
C. reality
D. space 4. A. Fortunately
B. Actually
C. Undoubtedly
D. Originally 5. A. vital
B. sensitive
C. ideal
D. difficult Dunbar
6
the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly
7
activities more effectively, or even to promote
the exchange of
8
about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women.
6. A. confirms
B. rejects
C. outlines
D. broadens 7. A. swimming
B. hunting
C. gossiping
D. evolving
8. A. stories
B. languages
C. ideas
D. books Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—
9
, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.
Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the
10
of the higher primates (灵长类动物) like monkeys.
9. A. for instance
B. in addition
C. on the contrary
D. as a result 10. A. motivation
B. appearance
C. emotion
D. behaviour By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it,
11
form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or
12
from outside it. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities
also had to be
13 to maintain its effectiveness.
11. A. beings
B. creatures
C. ancestors
D. monkeys
12. A. attack
B. contact
C. inspection
D. assistance 13. A. saved
B. extended
C. consumed
D. gained Clearly, a more
14
kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal (有声的) grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 15
contact.
14. A. common
B. efficient
C. scientific
D. thoughtful 15. A. indirect
B. daily
C. physical
D. secret (二十八)作者在本文中讲述了Dunbar教授的关于语言形成的另外一种方法。 1. C
根据第二段第一句的So why are we keen on gossiping(说长道短)可以推断选Ｃ。A声称，声明；B辩论；Ｃ说三道四，传播谣言；D争吵。 2. D
根据上一句we are keen on gossiping中的gossiping（传播谣言），为什么我们要传播谣言呢？难道我们天生就是浪费的人吗？既浪费我们的时间也浪费我们的语言。故D正确。A仰慕者；B大师；C用户；D浪费的人。
3. B
根据本句的后半部分simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life可以推断出是nothing in particular。Ａ一般地；B特殊；C在现实中；D在宇宙中。 4. B
根据上一句It’s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar，既然情况不是这样的，那么事实上的情况是怎样的呢？本句作出了解答。故选B Actually, 等于in fact。Ａ幸运的是；C毫无疑问地；D起初，原来。 5. A
根据文章下一段可知谣言是语言中很重要的一部分，人们在谈论谣言的时候，并不是在浪费时间。A重要的；B敏感的；C理想的；D困难的。
6. B 转折的逻辑关系，据本段第二句Instead he suggests that language evolved among women得知他认为语言是在女性中演变过来的，这和传统观点 (语言是在男性的狩猎中发展而来的)，是相反的，所以他拒绝承认，不认同原来的观点，故B正确。A确认，肯定；B拒绝；C概述；D拓宽。
7. B
本句中的at the early stage of social development可以推断在社会发展的早期，人们从事狩猎活动。 A游泳的；B狩猎的；Ｃ传播谣言的，D进化的。 8. A
根据本句中的about their origins and the supernatural，传统的观点认为语言是为了促进关于起源和超自然现象的故事的交流。故选Ａ。 9. C
我们没有把三分之二的时间用在传播谣言上是因为我们会谈话，会争论，而且，他还继续说语言的进化允许我们传播谣言。根据句义可知上下文表示的是递进的关系。故C正确。A例如；B而且；C恰恰相反；D结果。
10. D
下一句的By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it这是属于行为，故D正确。A动机，动力；B外貌；C情绪，情感；D行为。
11. D
根据上一句by studying the behavior of the higher primates （灵长类动物）like monkeys，可以推断出实验的对象是monkeys而不是人类。故选D。A人类；B生物；Ｃ祖先。 12. A
本句中some kind of conflict within the group和attack from outside it是并列的逻辑关系，形成对比，意为“这个群体中他们可以相互依赖支持抵御一些冲突或者来自外界的攻击”。故A正确。 A攻击；B联系；C视察；D帮助。
13. B
本句中the groups got bigger and bigger,推断出 the amount of time also had to be extended to keep its effectiveness，上一段提到猴子是通过互相清洁皮毛的方法来形成自己的群组。随着群体的变大，花在互相清洁皮毛的时间也需要拓展和延伸，也变得更长了，来保持它的有效性。A挽救，节省；B延伸；扩展；C消费，消耗；D获得，赢得；故B正确。
14. B
上一句提到群体成员中互相清洁皮毛的时间增加，很显然，需要一种更为高效的方法。故B正确。A常见的，普通的；B高效的；C科学的；D体贴的，考虑周到的。
15. C
根据上一段的By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals 猴子是通过互相清洁皮毛的方法来形成自己的群组的。互相清洁皮毛也就是一对一身体的接触。故选Ｃ。A间接的；B日常的；C身体上的；D秘密的。
Teachers and parents usually call attention to the pictures when reading storybooks to preschool children. But a new study suggests that calling attention to the print—the words and letters on the page—may lead to
1
readers.
The two-year study
2
children aged 3 to 5 who were regularly read to this way in class with children who were not.
1. A. clearer
B. better
C. higher
D. happier 2. A. compared
B. paired
C. related
D. involved (二十九)
In all, over three hundred students, who were considered to be at serious risk of
3
reading problems in future life, were
4
in a classroom setting. After reviewing the recorded lessons, the researchers found that those students whose teachers most often
5
the print showed clearly higher skills in reading, spelling and understanding.
3. A. avoiding
B. solving
C. developing
D. forcing 4. A. found
B. locked
C. interviewed
D. observed 5. A. studied
B. discussed
C. saw
D. ignored Professor Shayne Piasta, the study’s author, says most teachers would find this method
6
because it needs only a small change in the way they teach. They already read storybooks in class. The only
7
in the new method would be increased attention to the print.
6. A. reliable
B. illogical
C. unbelievable
D. manageable 7. A. difference
B. concern
C. problem
D. challenge
Ms. Piasta says if adults can
8
children in the stories and get them to pay attention to letters and words, it makes sense that they will do better at 9 recognition. But few parents and teachers do this in a 10
way —starting first with letters, then 11 moving to words, sentences and paragraphs.
8. A. annoy
B. leave
C. interest
D. puzzle 9. A. word
B. voice
C. story
D. number 10. A. easy
B. systematic
C. different
D. typical 11. A. silently
B. suddenly
C. gradually
D. mostly
Teachers and parents can point to a letter and outline its 12 with a finger. They can point out a word and 13 , “This is ‘dog’ ”. They can discuss the 14 of the print to find how the words combine to tell the story. And they can talk about the 15
of the print for example, how words are written from left to fight.
12. A. route
B. shape
C. move
D. sound 13. A. guess
B. think
C. explain
D. answer 14. A. size
B. style
C. form
D. meaning 15. A. organization
B. development
C. information
D. improvement
(二十九)本文是一篇说明文，讲述了引导孩子注意书中的字母和文字，而不仅仅是画面，这将有助于培养孩子更好的阅读习惯，从而成为更好的读书者。 1. B
根据语境，新的研究表明：引导孩子注意书中的字母和文字，而不仅仅是画面，这将有助于培养孩子更好的阅读习惯，从而成为更好的读书者。 2. A
通过对阅读文字和看图画的两组3至5岁的孩子比较可得出结论。Compare…with…系固定搭配，意为“把…与…比较”。 3. C
总共超过300个孩子被认为处在未来养成不良阅读习惯的风险中。develop系一词多义， 其原义是“发展”，在此是“发生、出现、产生”之意，很多考生先入为主选了B, 这些考生根本在没有理解上下文的意思而误选。 4. D
这些参加实验的孩子在课堂环境中，即在教室里被观察， 因为要搞研究，故研究者要观察实验对象的一举一动才能得出结论，再根据后文After reviewing the recorded lessons应选D。observe与review为同义词复现。有些考生误选A和B。 5. B
研究者们发现：那些在课堂上经常讨论文字的老师们所教的学生表现出较高的阅读、拼写及理解技巧，上课时是师生互动的过程，故用discuss最符合语境，同时与最后一段中的They can discuss…相照应，属同词复现。 6. D
根据后文中的because it needs only a small change in the way they teach. 可知，这种方法是可操作的，属因果关系。 7. A
根据后文would be increased attention to the print可知，新方法的唯一不同点是将增加对文字的关注，与本段中的a small change相对应，属同义词复现。 8. C
如果成年人能使孩子们对故事感兴趣并使他们关注字母和文字，他们将在单词认读或词汇识别方面会做得更好。interest 作动词，意为：make sb interested 符合语境。 9. A
根据第一段提到the print — the words and letters on the page，前后面很多处提到the print，故应选word，表示在单词认读或词汇识别方面，而不是在故事识别方面。 10. B
根据下文starting first with letters, then 11 moving to words, sentences and paragraphs.
可知，很少的父母和老师能系统地做到这一点。 11. C
先从认识字母开始，然后逐渐到单词、句子和段落，这是一个循序渐进的过程，故选C符合语境。 12. B
老师和父母可以用手指指着一个字母并描画它的形状或轮廓。 13. C
根据前后语境，他们指着一个单词并解释：这是一条狗，即解释这个单词是“狗”的意思。故选C。 14. D
根据前后的语境, 他们可以讨论文字和字母的意思, 以便找到如何将文字组合构成这个故事。 15. A
根据后文how words are written from left to fight可以看出，他们也可以讨论文字是如何排列或组织的，故选A。
Massive Open Online Courses are also called MOOCs. Tens of thousands or even more people can
1
these classes all at once. You can be anywhere in the world to take a MOOC. All you need is a
2
and a network connection.
MOOCs add to a tradition of what is known as 3
learning.
1. A. cut
B. accept
C. give
D. take 2. A. computer
B. Telephone
C. television
D. radio 3. A. constant
B. Similar
C. distant
D. creative (三十) For years, many colleges have offered classes that are taught
4
or mostly online. MOOCs are available in subjects like computer science or engineering, which work quite well. But can MOOCs in subjects like arts be as
5
as the old teaching approach? 4. A. rarely
B. merely
C. partly
D. equally 5. A. expensive
B. Effective
C. sensitive
D. active
Scott Anderson teaches philosophy at the University of British Columbia in Canada. He sees both good and
6
sides to MOOCs. “There are parts that will be fine, mostly when students listen to a
7
, there is no special reason why they need to be
8
present to hear and get it,” says Mr. Anderson.
6. A. wrong
B. bad
C. right
D. positive 7. A. lecture
B. chat
C. debate
D. contest 8. A. physically
B. Spiritually
C. mentally
D. commercially
Increased numbers of students in MOOCs can mean
9
communication between them and teachers. He says two ways to deal with this are by adding more teachers and 10
up online discussion groups.
Lisa Jadwin, who teaches English and writing at St. John Fisher College in New York, says that online education has some weakness for her subjects.
9. A. better
B. more
C. less
D. worse 10. A. getting
B. looking
C. making
D. setting
Lisa Jadwin, who teaches English and writing at St. John Fisher College in New York, says that online education has some weakness for her subjects. What’s
11
in online education is face-to-face interaction, for example, the teaching of English is a face-to-face 12
practice. So the old approach is not going to be
13
very quickly by computer-aided instruction. 11. A. obtained
B. Lost
C. exposed
D. preferred 12. A. careful
B. Basic
C. attentive
D. interactive 13. A. turned
B. taken
C. missed
D. removed * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *