四川省成都市2016届高考英语阅读理解二轮提升训练（24）（含解析）

　　【科普知识型---阅读理解】

　　Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders. Longlasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals.

　　The new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Centre. Mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetes—that can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing the biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms.

　　In the new study, Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. For the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light throughout their night. Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks，“a sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed，” Bedrosian says.

　　In a second test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of “behavioural despair”，10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal lightdark cycle, the researchers report. The scientists also could quash the behavioural symptoms by injecting (注射)the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. This finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression.

　　Human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but can't easily detect molecular underpinnings (分子结构)as animal studies can，says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University. The new work, he says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be “an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behaviour”．

　　1．After being exposed to continuous nighttime light，the mice ________．

　　A．changed their preferences

　　B．escaped from the water more eagerly

　　C．remained active as before

　　D．showed less interest in their favourites

　　2．What does the underlined word “quash” in Para. 4 probably mean?

　　A．Study.B．Predict.C．Ease.D．Cause.

　　3．We can learn from the last paragraph that ________．

　　A．light at night may have practical value

　　B．the biological clock is beneficial to humans

　　C．human mood disorders cannot be healed easily

　　D．human studies are more important than animal studies

　　4．What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Nighttime light may foster depression.

　　B．A drug has been found to cure mood disorders.

　　C．The study on animals can be applied to humans.

　　D．Human biological clock can be controlled by light.

　　【要点综述】光照疗法可以治疗抑郁症，但是，新的研究表明长期暴露于夜晚的灯光也可带来抑郁症，这项研究至少在动物身上得到了验证。

　　1．D　细节理解题。根据“Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness，those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks…”可知，那些在夜晚持续接受暗淡灯光的老鼠失去了对于甜饮料的浓厚喜好，即没有那么喜欢甜饮料了，故选D项。

　　2．C　词义猜测题。通过原文quash前面also可以断定，quash的意思等于前面一句话的意思，即症状消失了，故选ease“缓解，减轻”。

　　3．A　推理判断题。根据最后一句可知，灯光可以影响生物钟，生物钟的改变可以影响行为，故选择A项。

　　4．A　主旨大意题。根据文章首段“Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun.But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders.”可知，本文主要讨论nighttime light与mood disorder或depression的关系，故A项正确。

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self-respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized(把…归类) as "honor" help you create this life of good feelings.

　　Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.

　　Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky(卑鄙的) excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.

　　Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?

　　In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate(演示) that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk's attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased.

　　Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.

　　There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it's easy to think and act honorably again when we're happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it's started, it's easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.

　　1. According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our_______.

　　A. self-respect

　　B. financial rewards

　　C. advertising ability

　　D. friendly relationship

　　2. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to_______.

　　A. lying

　　B. stealing

　　C. cheating

　　D. advertising

　　3. The underlined phrase "bringing the error to the clerk's attention" means_______.

　　A. telling the truth to the clerk

　　B. offering advice to the clerk

　　C. asking the clerk to be more attentive

　　D. reminding the clerk of the charged item

　　4. How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?

　　A. We'll be very excited.

　　B. We'll feel unfortunate.

　　C. We'll have a sense of honor.

　　D. We'll feel sorry for the clerk.

　　5

　　Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

　　A. How to Live Truthfully

　　B. Importance of Peacefulness

　　C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect

　　D. Happiness through Honorable Actions

　　【参考答案】1—5、ABACD

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。For six hours we: shot through the landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending, Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth, a beautiful leather notebook I’d bought in a market in Mozambique.

　　Southern Africa was full of stories. And visions. We were almost drank on sensations. The roaring of the at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana. And then the other things: dogs in the streets, whole families in Soweto living in one room, a kilometre from clean water.

　　As we drove towards the setting sun, a quietness fell over us. The road was empty—we hadn’t seen another car for hours. And as I drove, something caught my eye, something moving next to me. I glanced in the mirror of the car; I glanced sideways to the right, and that was when I saw them. Next to us, by the side of the road, thirty, forty wild horses were racing the car, a cloud of dust rising behind them—brown, muscular horses almost close enough to touch them, to smell their hot breath. I didn’t know how long they had been there next to us.

　　I shouted to Dan: “Look!”, but he was in a deep sleep, his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds, then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape. When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.

　　“Wild horses?” he said. “Why didn’t you wake me up?”

　　“I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds.”

　　“Are you sure you didn’t dream it?”

　　“You were the one who was sleeping!”

　　“Typical,” he said. “The best photos are the ones we never take.”

　　We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.

　　1. During their journey in Africa, the two travelers ________.

　　A. made friends with local residents

　　B. recorded their experiences in different ways

　　C. enjoyed the sunset in the Karoo desert most

　　D. complained about the poor living conditions

　　2. What does the phrase “heroic forms” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

　　A. Wild horses.

　　B. Racing ears.

　　C. Eye-catching locals.

　　D. Running dogs.

　　3. What did Daniel think when he woke up and was told what had happened?

　　A. A sound sleep was more important.

　　B. He had already taken beautiful pictures.

　　C. He always missed out on the best thing.

　　D. The next trip would be better.

　　4. What’s the passage mainly about?

　　A. How to view wildlife in Africa.

　　B. Possible dangers of travelling in the desert.

　　C. Tourist attractions in southern Africa.

　　D. Running into wildlife in Africa.

　　参考答案1—4、BACD

　　阅读理解。

　　Blind imitation (模仿)is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth. Imitation appears attractive: to those who know their strength. Imitation is unacceptable.

　　In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.

　　In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.

　　In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.

　　Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.

　　Syudy your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not server. Then you can say,” I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors” tragedies and tory, and know that they are cheering on.

　　(

　　) 1.Imitation proves useful when you

　　.

　　A. know you are unique

　　B. lose the balance of life

　　C. begin to learn something new

　　D. get tired of routine practice

　　(

　　) 2. To avoid the bad result of imitation, we should________.

　　A. forget daily fear and pain

　　B. choose the right example

　　C. ask others for decisions

　　D. stay away from stars

　　(

　　) 3.Acording to the author. The world moves on because of those who are

　　.

　　A. desperate to intruence others with their knowledge

　　B. ready to turn their original ideas into reality

　　C. eager to discover what their ancestors did

　　D. willing to accept others’ ideas

　　(

　　) 4.The trouble a creator faces is

　　.

　　A. the lack of strong motivation

　　B. the absence of practical ideas

　　C. how to search for more materials

　　D. how to use imagination creatively

　　(

　　) 5. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

　　A. To highlight the importance of creatively.

　　B. To criticize the characters of role models.

　　C. To compare imitation with creation.

　　D. To explain the meaning of success.

　　【文章大意】议论文文章讨论了要创新，不要盲目模仿。

　　1.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful.以及例子说明模仿在开始学习新东西是有用的。

　　2.B推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知人们选择不好的榜样时，就会使模仿的结果变坏。所以，要想避免模仿结果变坏，要选择好的榜样。

　　3.B细节理解题。定位moves on与deeply相对应，。根据文章 of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation.与因为他们让你感动的是出于他们的创作灵感,而不是绝望。

　　4.D细节理解题。根据文章Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces

　　is

　　not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.可以得出答案。

　　5.A主旨大意题。文章主要了要创新，不要盲目模仿。