2016届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解七十五十集之连载训练：（52）

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解八十集之连载训练（52）

　　介绍说明类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　The government of Norway is planning to build an unusual storage center on an island in the Arctic Ocean. The place would be large enough to hold about two million seeds. The goal is to represent all crops known to scientists. The British magazine New Scientist published details of the plan last month. The structure will be designed to protect the world’s food supply against nuclear war, climate change and other possible threats. It will be built in a mountain on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen. The mountain is less than one thousand kilometers from the North Pole, the northernmost position on Earth.

　　An international group called the Global Crop Diversity Trust is working on the project. The director of the group, Cary Fowler, spoke to New Scientist. He said the project would let the world rebuild agriculture if in his words “the worst came to the worst”. Norway is expected to start work next year. The project is expected to cost three million dollars. Workers will drill deep in the side of a sandstone mountain. Temperatures in the area never rise above zero degrees Celsius. The seeds will be protected behind concrete walls a meter thick and high-security doors.

　　The magazine report says the collection will represent the products of ten thousand years of farming. Most of the seeds at first will come from collections at seed banks in Africa, Asia and Latin America. To last a long time, seeds need to be kept in very low temperatures. Workers will not be present all the time. But they plan to replace the air inside the storage space each winter. Winter temperatures on the island are about eighteen degrees below zero Celsius. The cold weather would protect the seeds even if the air could not be replaced.

　　Mr. Fowler says the proposed structure will be the world’s most secure gene bank. He says the plant seeds would only be used when all other seeds are gone for some reason.Norway first proposed the idea in the 1980s. But security concerns delayed the plan. At that time, the Soviet Union was permitted use of Spitsbergen. New Scientist says the plan won United Nations approval in October at a meeting in Rome of the Food and Agriculture Organization.

　　1. The project is meant to_____.

　　A. increase the world’s food production in the future

　　B. carry out some scientific experiments on plant genes

　　C. protect crop seeds from dying out in case of possible disasters

　　D. build an exhibition centre of the world’s plant seeds

　　2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the above passage?

　　A. The government of Norway will perform the project alone.

　　B. Seeds to be collected there were produced ten thousand years ago.

　　C. Spitsbergen is chosen because it is away from the threat of unclear war forever.

　　D. Temperature is a major consideration when choosing the storage place.

　　3. We can infer from the text that_____.

　　A. People will get newly-developed seeds from the center every year

　　B. The storage center will greatly promote the development of world agriculture

　　C. Norway meant to have built the storage centre more than 20 years ago

　　D. There haven’t been any seed storage centers in the world before

　　4. What is probably the best title of the passage?

　　A. Noah’s Ark of Plant Seeds in Plan

　　B. The Best Place to Store Seeds

　　C. Concerns of World Food Supply

　　D. A New Way to Feed the World

　　【参考答案】1—4、CDCA

　　较难题目特训：介绍说明类-

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Book reviews can be a great foot in the door if you’re looking to get your writing published somewhere. Most magazines, whether online or print, will include book reviews about books that tackle the topics the magazine discusses. Also, most editors and staff writers are usually too busy to read books and review them themselves (unless they are specifically assigned to a book review column). Therefore, writing book reviews can be a great way to get started with a writing career.

　　Many people that are reading your review may not know anything about the book you’re reviewing. Instead of making them go find information on their own by searching for the book title, start out with a little description of the book. Make sure you avoid too long of a summary, though, because if too much of your article is a summary of the book, it won’t be interesting. Start with a short paragraph or so that hits all the major points but doesn't give too much away. You don’t want to tell your reader everything about the book, because then they won’t have to read it at all. Just give enough information so your reader is interested in reading the book.

　　Some magazines like to publish book reviews that are completely objective（客观的）. This means that they want a review of the book that doesn't share your opinion and that in which your opinion isn't obvious from reading what you wrote. If you hated a book, it might not be a great book to review. You probably want to review books that you enjoyed. This will give your review a positive spin. Avoid gushing about how much you loved the book, however. You should not include your personal reaction to the book until the very end, where you include a sentence or two about whether or not you would recommend a book and to whom you would recommend it.

　　A great way to get your review noticed is to look at a book through a specific lens. Read the book as a feminist（女权主义者） would, for example, and talk about what a feminist might say to applaud or criticize the book. You can choose any number of lenses, and feminism is just one option. An economic lens, a family lens, the lens of a different nationality, or the lens of a child could all be interesting ways to look at a book. If you look at a book in this way, instead of just reading it and forming your own opinion, it will be much more interesting and marketable. This is especially the case if you look at a lens that relates to the subject of the magazine to which you are submitting. Feminist magazines love book reviews about books read through a feminist lens, for example, because it pertains to their readership.

　　Another great way to write a book review is to talk about the writer’s style. Anyone can pick up a book and read for the plot, but it takes an experienced writer to note interesting things about another writer’s style and write about them intelligently.

　　1. What’s the first paragraph mainly about?

　　A. Standards of good book reviews.

　　B. Benefits of writing book reviews.

　　C. Ways to get your writing published.

　　D. Topics usually discussed in magazines.

　　2. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good book review?

　　A. Including much information on a major point of the book.

　　B. Stating clearly the writer’s opinion of the book.

　　C. Giving a brief summary of the book.

　　D. Avoiding describing the book.

　　3. The fourth paragraph is developed mainly by.

　　A. giving examplesB. telling personal experiences

　　C. making comparisonsD. analyzing causes

　　4. According to the text, only a skilled writer can　.

　　A. look at a book through a specific angle

　　B. give an objective description of a book

　　C. find a book and understand its plot easily

　　D. pay close attention to another writer’s style

　　【参考答案】1—4、BCAD

　　较难题目特训：介绍说明类-

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform to social pressure when we are with a group of people. In one classic experiment, people were shown a vertical（垂直的） line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.

　　You might think that this is an absurdly easy task, and when people perform it by themselves they do it very well. However, psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group. In one study, a group of three people was set up, where two of the people were confederates（同伙） of the experimenter. When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers, people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also. In fact, 75% of people gave at least one wrong answer, with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.

　　But why do people conform in this way? In an easy task like this, it seems that people do not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group. On more difficult tasks, people also conform because they lose confidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.

　　A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street? It turns out that you are much more likely to go to her assistance if you are alone. When other people are also around, a diffusion of responsibility occurs. People are paralysed into inaction, because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman's assistance.

　　1. In Paragraph 1, the underlined word “conform” probably means “　 ”.

　　A. seek independence B. disobey orders

　　C. follow what others doD. seek pleasure

　　2. What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2?

　　A. To explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others.

　　B. To prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others.

　　C. To train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded.

　　D. To describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others.

　　3. In the last paragraph, according to the author, why wouldn’t one help the woman?

　　A. He thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand.

　　B. He thinks he has nothing to do with it.

　　C. He is too shy to give his helping hand.

　　D. He thinks someone else will offer assistance.

　　4. What method does the author mainly use to develop the text?

　　A. Giving examples.B. Cause-effect analysis.　

　　C. Comparative analysis.D. Process analysis.

　　【参考答案】1---4、CBDA　

　　较难题目特训：介绍说明类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　A research by the National Center for Health Statistics is seen as an important confirmation of the “Hispanic mortality paradox(西班牙裔死亡率悖论).”

　　On average, Hispanics outlive whites by 2.5 years and blacks by 7.7 years. Their life expectancy at birth in 2006 was 80.6 years, compared with 78.1 for whites, 72.9 for blacks and 77.7 years for the total population.

　　The report shows that the Hispanic population has higher life expectancy at birth and at almost every age despite a socioeconomic status lower than that of whites. “Mortality is very correlated with income, education and health care access,” says Elizabeth Arias, author of the report. “You would expect the Hispanic population would have higher mortality, in line with the black population.”

　　The Hispanic paradox has been documented for more than two decades, but this is the first time the government has had enough data to issue national numbers. Researchers are struggling to explain why Hispanics live longer.

　　“We don’t know,” says David Hayes-Bautista, director of the Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine. “We thought it was a problem in the data, but we can pretty much say this is real.”

　　Potential factors:

　　·Culture and lifestyle. Support from extended family and lower rates of smoking and drinking. Latino groups in particular have very strong family and social ties.

　　·Migration. The “healthy migrant effect” argues that healthy people are more likely to emigrate. And when immigrants become ill, they might return home and die there.

　　“Solving the puzzle may help the nation deal with health care issues because Hispanics use health services less—they make fewer doctors visits and spend less time in hospitals,” Hayes Bautista says. “It’s clearly something in the Latino culture,” he says.

　　1. In 2006, Hispanics’ life expectancy is　years longer than the average of the total population.

　　A. 2. 5 B. 7. 7 C. 2. 9 D. 80. 6

　　2. What does the underlined word “outlive” in the second paragraph probably mean?

　　A. To live longer than. . .

　　B. To live shorter than. . .

　　C. To die out.

　　D. To expect to live.

　　3. What is the main idea of paragraph three?

　　A. Hispanics were born better than whites.

　　B. Morality is closely related with health care access.

　　C. Whites should have longer life expectancy.

　　D. Even experts can’t explain the phenomenon.

　　4. What is Mr. Hayes-Bautista’s opinion about the paradox?

　　A. He supports there is a problem with the data.

　　B. He intends to trust the cultural factor.

　　C. He believes in the “healthy migrant effect”.

　　D. He thinks health care the most important factor.

　　5. Which of the following inferences is true according to the passage?

　　A. Black people suffer the lowest social status in America.

　　B. Hispanics might have healthier ways of life.

　　C. Only healthy people can immigrate into America.

　　D. White people don’t have strong family ties.

　　【参考答案】1—5、CADBB