2012年高考英语二轮复习学案：冠词

　　一　自主学习复习《学考教程》材料内容

　　二　高考热点分析

　　热点一：不定冠词a／an的选择。 　(05浙江卷)Mrs. Taylor has_______8-year-old daughter who has________gift for painting——she has won two national prizes． A．a；a B．an；the C．an；a D．the；a 答案：C 解析：题意为：泰勒太太有位八岁的女儿，她有绘画天赋——她已经获得两项全国大奖。“泰勒太太有位八岁的女儿”此处需用不定冠词表示“一”的概念，数字8的发音为［eit］，所以其前应用an；have a gift for为固定搭配“有…的天赋”。 热点二：定冠词指双方都明白的人或物 　(07山东卷)_________walk is expected to last all day, so bring _____ packed lunch． A．A；a B．The；不填 C. The；a D．A；不填 答案：C 解析：the walk是指大家心中都明白的walk，因此用定冠词特指;a packed lunch是泛指，不具体指某一份盒饭。 热点三:a／an与专有名词连用表示“一个叫什么的人”“一个像什么的人”“…的作品／制品”或表示不确定，如a Sunday, a Monday等。 　(2005山东卷)I knew __________ John Lennon，but not _________ famous one． A．不填;a B．a；the C. 不填;the D．the；a 答案：B 解析：题意为：我原先认识一个叫约翰列农的人，不是那个著名的约翰列农。据题意可知叫约翰列农的人很多他只是其中一位，故用a；那位著名的也即是特指的，应用the。 热点四:泛指表示法a)零冠词+复数名词b)a／an+单数名词c)the+单数名词d)零冠词+不可数名词 (07湖南卷)Polar bears live mostly on ______sea ice，which they use as __________platform for hunting seals． A．a; a B．a; the C. 不填；a D．the；不填 答案：C 【解析】题意：北极熊通常住在海冰上，它们把海冰用做捕猎海豹的平台。冰(ice)是不可数名词，北极熊通常住在海冰上是泛指概念前用零冠词；platform是可数名词，其前用a表示泛指(种类)，也即是平台而不是其他东西。 热点五:个体名词不用冠词表示该名词的深层含义。如：school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court等 (2005辽宁卷)This book tells _______life story of John Smith，who left _________school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16． A．the；theB．a；the C．the；不填 D．a；不填 答案：C 解析：第一空由of短语可知表特指；第二空leave school辍学表抽象意义不用冠词。 热点六:抽象名词前加a／an表具体的人或物。抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，如Failure is the mother of success． 失败乃成功之母。但如表示具体的人或物前用a／an,如It’s an honour to be invited here． (．07福建卷)-How about ________Christmas evening party? -I should say it was ________success． A．a; a B. the；a C. a；不填 D．the；不填

　　答案：B 解析：题意为：您觉得这次圣诞晚会怎样?-我认为非常成功。第一空用the表示说话双方都知道的事物；第二空用a表示具体的事相当于a successful evening party． 热点七:具有动词意义的名词前用a／an其意义相当于动词，如take a look=look． (07四川卷)How about taking ________short break? I want to make __________call． A．the；a B．a; the C．the; the D．a；a 答案：D 解析：题意为：稍稍休息如何?我想打个电话。break相当于rest，make a call相当于call． 热点八:同位语名词前用the，如the year 1325 (07陕西卷)In__________ film Cast Away, Tom Hanks plays _________man named Chuck Noland． A．a; the B．the；a C．the; the D．a；a

　　答案：B 解析：题意为：在《荒岛余生》这部电影里，Tom Hanks扮演一位名叫Chuck Noland的人。 Film与Cast Away是同位语关系，其前用the；第二空用a表泛指“一个…的人”。 热点九:冠词的位置。冠词一般位于形容词之前。但是当名词前的形容词被副词as，so，too，how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后： (07上海)The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. __________it was! A．What a dangerous scene B．What dangerous a scene C．How a dangerous scene D．How dangerous the scene 答案：A 解析：题意为：小女孩在机动道上飞车而来。多么危险的一幕啊!本题属一般情况故用A。

　　三　练习题

　　　1. We can never expect _____ bluer sky unless we create _____ less polluted world.

　　A. a; a

　　B. a; the

　　C. the; a

　　D. the; the

　　2. The biggest whale is ___ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ____ 9-story building.

　　A. the; the

　　B. a; a

　　C. a; the

　　D. the; a

　　3. Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world.

　　A. /; the

　　B. the; /

　　C. an; the

　　D. the; a

　　4. Let’s go to_________ cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem

　　for __________ while.

　　A. the; the

　　B. the; a

　　C. a; the

　　D. a; a

　　5.What________ pity that you couldn’t be there to receive _______ prize!

　　A. a; a

　　B. the; a

　　C. a; the

　　D. the; the

　　6. In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study _________ second foreign language.

　　A. the; a

　　B. a; a

　　C. the; the

　　D. a; the

　　7．I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan.

　　A. the; a

　　B. 不填; the

　　C. the; 不填

　　D. a; the

　　8. Washing machines made by China have won________ worldwide attention and Haier has become ________ popular name.

　　A. a; the     

　　B. /; a

　　C. /; the   

　　D. the; a

　　9. What I need is ______ book that contains _______ ABC of oil painting.

　　A. a; 不填

　　B. the; 不填

　　C. the; an

　　D. a; the

　　10.It’s not

　　good idea to drive for four hours without

　　break.

　　A. a; a

　　B. the; a C. the; the

　　D. a; the

　　11.—I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.

　　—It is not your fault. With

　　rush-hour traffic and

　　heavy rain， it is no wonder you were late.

　　A. a; a

　　B. the; the

　　C. /; /

　　D./; a

　　12. Have you heard

　　news? The price of

　　petrol is going up again!

　　A. the; the

　　B./;the

　　C. the;/

　　D. /;/