2016年高考第二轮复习英语山东版
专题升级训练十四 阅读理解(三)
第一节 阅读理解
A
(2012山东日照二模，B)
Though she is already one of the most famous pop stars of the 21st century，you've probably never heard of a 26yearold singersongwriter called of Stefani Germanotta—but that's only because almost everyone knows her by her stage name，Lady Gaga.
Born in New York City in 1986，Lady Gaga enjoyed music，singing and dancing from an early age：she started playing the piano when she was only four years old and loved performing in musicals at high school.At 17 she went to a special school for the arts but later left because she wanted to become a professional singer as soon as possible.
She became a global star with her first album The Fame in 2008 and followed it in 2009 with The Fame Monster.Earlier this year she released a single，“Born this Way”，which broke the record for quickest sales for a piece of music on iTunes，with one million downloads in only five days.Her third album，also called Born this Way，went on sale in May,2011.
Because of how much money she earns，how much she is written and talked about in the media，and how many internet searches are made with her name，Forbes magazine recently put her at Number One in its list of the “world's most powerful celebrities”．
Most music critics say that what makes Lady Gaga's music outstanding are her strong voice and also the strong electronic rhythm of most of her songs，which makes them popular in nightclubs.They also say her music often sounds a bit like the work of other artists，and she herself is quite open about the fact that singers such as Madonna have been a big influence on her.
More original than her music，perhaps，is the way she looks.A big part of her image is her outlandish(奇异的)clothes，with her strangest piece of clothing probably having been a dress made partly out of meat，which she wore once in 2010.
Part of what has made Lady Gaga so famous so quickly is the way she has used social media.She has over 30 million Facebook friends，for example，and almost 10 million followers on Twitter.
1．Some people complain about Lady Gaga's music in the following except that ______.
A．she is often dressed strangely and differently from others
B．the electric rhythm helps her too much in the performances
C．her music is in some way copied from others
D．she has been influenced by Madonna's singing style
2．What can we learn about “iTunes”？It's ______.
A．a single album of popular songs on sale
B．a mobile phone which shows live music performances
C．a center where pop stars gather together
D．a software used to download music from the Internet
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A．She gained a lot of money by playing the piano as a child.
B．She showed special interest in music at a very early age.
C．She is much better known as “Lady Gaga” rather than Stefani Germanotta.
D．She once came out first in the list of the Forbes magazine.
4．From Paragraph 2 we know that she left the art school ______.
A．for the lack of confidence
B．because she was sure of her future success
C．because she found it was not good enough for her development
D．to find more chances to earn money
5．What is the best title of this text?
A．A Talent in Music
B．A Singer and Songwriter
C．A Media Supported Actress
D．A Most Powerful Celebrity
B
(2012济南三模，D)
Batteries are included，but the charger's not.The Nokia ECu concept phone doesn't need to plug in；it charges from any heat source.Designer Patrick Hyland says it can even work off the warmth of your pocket.The first time “it would take approximately seven hours to reach full charge，then after that it's continuously charging by keeping the phone in areas between 86 degrees and 104 degrees Fahrenheit.” That's one hot pocket.
He's put a thermogenerator(热偶发电器)inside the phone that transforms heat into electric potential energy.To better conduct the heat to that little power plant in your pocket，the ECu(E for energy，Cu for copper)is coated by copper backing with heat sinks like those normally used to keep electronics from overheating.
Nokia doesn't have current plans to build the phone，so for now it remains a concept.But Hyland says he's open to anyone who wants to cooperate.
For Americans this technology would certainly be convenient.It would also save a bit on energy bills and waste.“Annually，unwanted phone chargers produce 51,000 tons of waste in addition to the greenhouse gases created by the production of the electricity needed to charge them，” Hyland says.So a chargerfree phone is also a green phone.Though adapting our plugin habits would help a group of people，most cell phone related energy use comes from leaving your charger plugged in all day unnecessarily.
The real potential for chargerfree cell phone technology is what it could enable places where plugging in isn't an option，like rural areas in the developing world.
Cell phones are spreading faster than power lines and bringing with them countless opportunities，aid and health advances.A phone like the ECu，if it ever comes to be，would enable all manner of expanded aid and development by phone projects.Let's hope Patrick finds a partner.
6．What do we know about the ECu phone?
A．It doesn't have a battery or a charger.
B．It is properly marketed and sells well.
C．It's continuously charging from any area.
D．It has a highly conductive copper cover.
7．What's the function of the underlined part “heat sinks” in Paragraph 2?
A．To give off heat.
B．To measure heat.
C．To turn up heat.
D．To supply heat.
8．A chargerfree phone is friendly to the environment because ______.
A．it is just a concept
B．it is selfchargeable
C．it brings convenience
D．it is no waste of money
9．From the last two paragraphs we can know that ______.
A．Patrick is not ready to cooperate with others
B．power lines spread every corner of the world
C．phone projects may help solve the energy crisis
D．phones like the ECu have huge potential benefits
10．What is the best title of the text?
A．Designer Patrick Hyland
B．Nokia Concept Phone on Sale
C．Charging Your Phone from Pockets
D．Benefiting from Phone Technology
C
It's a nightmare for Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)：within a week，two students committed suicide by jumping off dorm buildings.
Officials from the university are reluctant to give interviews.
“We had a hard time calming down students who were shocked at the suicides，” said Zhang Jingyuan，one official of HUST.
“Media coverage may arouse some students' negative emotions again.Suicide can be contagious，” Zhang said.
The university reacted promptly to the first suicide on October 23.
Advisors and class leaders conducted dormtodorm checks to find students suffering depression.Then psychologists offered oneonone counseling to them.
Notice boards publicizing tips for identifying peers' mental problems and offering help were set up in front of dorm buildings.Leaflets carrying similar information were handed out to each dorm.
However，the second suicide came seven days later.
Both students were described as men of few words.Their schoolmates didn't see anything to indicate suicide.
Zhang revealed that the two students had been bothered by mental disorders.But the school didn't know this until the students' close friends outside school and their parents unveiled the truth after the suicides.
According to Zhang，there are only three fulltime counselors working in the university's counseling center for its 60,000 students.He complained，“It's unrealistic to rely only on counselors to detect students' mental problems.”
Effective prevention comes from longterm education for life instead of temporary intervention to meet an emergency，said Hu Yi'an.Hu delivers a course of lectures on life and death at Guangzhou University.He worries that universities have paid little attention to education for life.
“Education for life helps students respect and love life so they won't resort to ending their lives when they have difficulties，” said Hu.
According to Hu，the principles can be incorporated into everyday teaching.
Hu is also concerned that some universities are conveying discriminatory message that will hold back students from seeking help.
When HUST conducted the dormtodorm examination，students with poor academic performance were paid special attention.In March，Peking University also released a controversial policy，which required teachers to have a chat with students “with biased thinking”．
However，Hu suggested that students step out of their comfort zone to seek reallife communication.
11．The underlined word “reluctant” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”．
A．eager
B．unhappy
C．unwilling
D．afraid
12．Why did the advisors and class leaders go to the students' dorm?
A．To learn the first suicide.
B．To avoid the second suicide.
C．To learn about the students suffering depression.
D．To offer help to the students.
13．In which column of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?
A．Entertainment
B．Campus
C．Advertisement
D．Culture
14．Which one of the following is NOT the reason why officials from the university are reluctant to give interviews?
A．The university reacted promptly to the first suicide on October 23.
B．They had a hard time calming down students who were shocked at the suicides.
C．Media coverage may arouse some students' negative emotions again.
D．Two suicides within a week is really a nightmare for the university.
15．What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Two students of HUST committed suicide.
B．What can we do to prevent the student's suicide?
C．The reasons why the students committed suicide.
D．The dangers in the universities in China.
D
Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activities.It may be walking，cycling or swimming，or in winter，skating or skiing.It may be a game of some kind，football，hockey，golf，tennis，or it may be mountaineering.
Those who have a passion(热情，激情)for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship，and to take risks on high mountains？This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities to which men give their leisure.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game.There are no manmade rules，as there are for such games as golf and football.There are，of course，rules of a different kind，which would be dangerous to ignore，but it is this freedom from manmade rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people.Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports，we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”．We would be mistaken in this assumption.There are，it is true，no “matches” between “teams” of climbers，but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend，there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than men.He has to fight the forces of nature.This sport requires high mental and physical capacities.
A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year.A skier is probably past his prime(全盛时期)by the age of thirty，and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties.But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.They may take more time than younger men，but they probably climb with more skills and less wasted efforts，and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
16．Mountaineering is a sport which involves ______.
A．hardship
B．cold
C．physical risks
D．all the above
17．The main difference between a sport and a game lies in origin of the ______.
A．uniform
B．activity
C．rules
D．skills
18．Mountaineering is also a team sport because ______.
A．it involves rules
B．it involves matches between teams
C．it requires mental and physical qualities
D．mountaineers depend on each other while climbing
19．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Mountaineers compete against each other.
B．Mountaineers compete against other teams.
C．Mountaineers compete against nature.
D．Mountaineers compete against international standard.
20．What is the best title for the text?
A．Mountaineering
B．Mountain Climbers
C．Mountaineering Is Different From Golf And Football
D．Mountaineering Is More Dangerous Than Other Sports
第二节 阅读表达
(2012山东泰安期末)
[1]“Can't hold a candle to” is a popular expression.It is from the time before electricity，when people used candles for light.The master who lived in a big house would have a servant light his way by holding a candle.The expression means that the person who cannot hold a candle to you is not fit even to be your servant.Now，it means such a person cannot compare or compete.
[2] “Hold out” is an expression one hears often in sports reports and labor news.It means to refuse to play or work.Famous players hold out if their team refuses to pay them what they think they are worth.Members of labor unions hold out and refuse to work until they get the work agreement they want.
[3]The expression “hold up” has several different meanings.One is a robbery.A man with a gun may say，“This is a hold up.Give me your money.”Another meaning is to delay.A driver late for work may tell his boss，“I was held up by heavy traffic.”Someone who was robbed on the way to work might say，“Sorry，boss，I was held up by a hold up.”
[4]Still another meaning of the expression is for a story to be considered true after an investigation.The same driver late for work could say，“My boss did not believe a hold up held me up.But the police confirmed what I said so my story held up.”
[5] “Hold on” is used to ask a telephone caller to wait and not______ his telephone.If you call a library to ask for a book，the librarian might say，“Hold on while I look for it.”
[6]Our final expression is “hold the line”．That means to keep a problem or situation from getting worse，to hold steady.Now，I must hold the line on this program.I have no more time left today.
1．What is the text mainly about？(no more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________________
2．Which sentence in the text can be replaced by the following one?
Wellknown athletes won't play unless the team boss offers them enough money.
________________________________________________________________________
3．Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words.(no more than 6 words)
________________________________________________________________________
4．List three meanings of the expression “hold up”．(no more than 15 words)
①____________②____________③____________
5．Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 into Chinese.
________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一节 A
1. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段可知，大多数音乐评论家认为Lady Gaga之所以杰出是因为其歌曲中强烈的电子节奏，她的音乐听来有点像其他艺术家的作品一样，连她自己也承认深受麦当娜这样的歌手的影响。但第六段中喜欢穿奇装异服并不是评论家们对她的抱怨。
2. 答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据后面“...with one million downloads in only five days.”判断，这是一个下载音乐的软件。
3. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，她从很小就对音乐特别感兴趣；根据第一段可知，人们很少听说过Stefani Germanotta，但是艺名Lady Gaga却大名鼎鼎；根据第四段最后可知，《福布斯》杂志最近将她放在了世界最有影响力的名人中的第一位。第二段讲到她四岁时就开始弹钢琴，但是并没有说她挣了很多钱，所以答案为A项。
4. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。第二段最后一句中的“...she wanted to become a professional singer as soon as possible.”解释了她离开的原因，显然是这所艺术学校不能够尽快让她成为职业歌手，不利于她的发展。
5. 答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。全文讲述了Lady Gaga的艺术成就，所以应选A项，表示“音乐天才”。B项、D项的表述都可以包含在A项之中，C项不符合题意。
B6. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“...the ECu(E for energy，Cu for copper) is coated by copper backing with heat sinks like those normally used to keep electronics from overheating.”可知，这种手机有一个铜制的后盖，可以防止电器过热，所以有一个导热性很强的盖子。
7. 答案：A
解析：推理判断题。画线部分后面“...like those normally used to keep electronics from overheating.”作出了解释，说明是用来散热的。
8. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Annually，unwanted phone chargers produce 51,000 tons of waste in addition to the greenhouse gases created by the production of the electricity needed to charge them.”和“So a chargerfree phone is also a green phone.”看出，这种手机不需要像普通手机那样插入电源充电，有节能的功能；根据第一段“...it charges from any heat source.”可知这种手机是从热源那里获得电源，通过里面配置的热偶发电器把热能随时转换为电能，因此绿色环保，答案为B项。
9. 答案：D
解析：推理判断题。从后两段看出，即使在没有电源的地方也可以使用这种手机，结合“countless opportunities，aid and health advances”判断，这种手机潜力无限、前景广阔。
10. 答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。本文介绍的是一种不用插入电源、在口袋里即可获得电能的手机，所以答案为C项。
C
11. 答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段“We had a hard time calming down students...”以及第四段“Media coverage may arouse some students' negative emotions again.”可知校方不愿意接受采访。
12. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段开头“Advisors and class leaders conducted dormtodorm checks to find students suffering depression.”可知答案为C项。
13. 答案：B
解析：推理判断题。Entertainment指“娱乐版”；Campus指“校园版”；Advertisement指“广告版”；Culture指“文化版”。本文介绍的是华中科技大学学生跳楼自杀的原因和解决办法，所以应在“校园版”。
14. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。校方对第一次自杀事件迅速做出了反应，这不应该是他们不愿接受采访的原因。
15. 答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。本文首先由描述华中科技大学两名学生自杀引出“大学生自杀”这一社会现象和问题，然后分析产生此现象的原因，最后提出解决方法。解决方法是重点，所以答案为B项。
D
16. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“...to suffer cold and hardship，and to take risks on high mountains？”可知，爬山者要遭受寒冷、艰辛，还要冒各种风险。可知选D项，“包含以上全部内容”。
17. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“There are no manmade rules，as there are for such games as golf and football.There are，of course，rules of a different kind...”可知，运动与游戏的主要不同在于规则。
18. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“...when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend，there is obviously teamwork.”可知，登山运动员在登山过程中也需要相互依靠。所以登山运动也是一项集体运动，正确答案为D项。
19. 答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“There are，it is true，no ‘matches’ between ‘teams’ of climbers...”以及第五段第二句“He has to fight the forces of nature.”可知，登山运动是同大自然进行比赛。
20. 答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要在讨论登山运动并将其与其他运动相比较，A项最具概括性。
第二节
1. 答案：The expressions of “hold”．
2. 答案：Famous players hold out if their team refuses to pay them what they think they are worth.
3. 答案：hang up/ring off
4. 答案：①a robbery to delay to be considered true
5. 答案：大户人家的主人会让仆人为其秉烛照路。