选修8
八、议论文
Step Ⅰ
千里之行，始于足下。A journey of one thousand miles begins with the first step!
这里的佳句背诵是为了Step Ⅲ的满分作文 句型提炼与拓展
1．近来我们对是否禁放烟花爆竹进行了讨论。
Recently we had a discussion about whether fireworks should be banned.
2．不同的学生持有不同的观点。
Different students have/hold different opinions.
3．40% 的学生赞同这个做法，原因如下。
40% of the students are in favor of it.Here are the reasons.
4．首先，孩子学习努力，值得奖赏。
First of all, the child deserves a reward for his efforts in study.
5．其次，家庭轿车能方便上班工作。
In addition, having a private car will bring more convenience to their work.
6．开车能方便随时见客户，这反过来对公司有好处。
Cars provide easy access to the customers, which will in turn benefit the firm. 1．Recently we had a discussion about whether ...
近来我们对是否……进行了讨论。
2．... have/hold different opinions.……持有不同的观点。
3．...are in favor of/for it.……赞同这个做法。
Here are the reasons.
The reasons are as follows.
The following are the reasons.
原因如下。
4．deserve a reward值得奖赏
5．...will bring more convenience to their work.
……能为工作带来更多方便。
6．Cars provide easy access to sth.开车方便干某事。
...，which will in turn benefit ...
……反过来对……有好处。
趁热打铁，佳句活用 对照修改，再次背诵
1．近来，我们对新生考入大学后是否需要配备笔记本电脑进行了讨论。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．不同的人有不同的看法。
________________________________________________________________________
3．多数人赞同这个做法。原因如下。
________________________________________________________________________
4．首先，笔记本电脑是对他们取得好成绩的肯定和奖励。
________________________________________________________________________
5．其次，笔记本电脑方便孩子学习，他们可以更方便地上网，这对他们有好处。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ 1．Recently we had a discussion about whether it is necessary for freshmen to have a laptop when they go to university.
2．Different people have/hold different ideas.
There are different opinions among different people.
People's ideas vary from person to person.
3．Most people are in favor of it.Here are the reasons.
4．First of all，freshmen deserve a laptop as an award for their great efforts and achievements.
5．In addition，having a laptop in hand will bring more convenience to their studies and they can have easier access to the Internet，which will in turn benefit them.
Step Ⅱ
不积小流，无以成江海。Step after step the ladder is ascended.
这里的佳句背诵是为了Step Ⅲ的满分作文 句型提炼与拓展
1．然而，有些人强烈反对这个观点。
However, some are strongly against the opinion.
2．最近的时间安排如下。
The latest schedule is as follows.
3．首先，燃放爆竹对社会安全造成威胁。
In the first place，setting off fireworks will bring dangers to public safety.
4．而且，很多社区都配备了游泳池。
What's more, many communities are equipped with swimming pools.
5．我个人认为，没有必要燃放爆竹。
Personally speaking, it is unnecessary to set off fireworks.
6．这位老人饮酒有瘾，这对他的身体不好。
The old man is addicted to drinking, which will have bad effects on his health. 1．Some are strongly against it.
有些人反对这个观念。
2．...is as follows ...……如下。
3．In the first place，... will bring dangers to the public safety.
首先，……会对社会安全造成威胁。
4．What's more，...are quipped with...
而且，……配备了……
5．Personally speaking，it is unnecessary to ...
我认为，没有必要……
6．have bad effects/influence on one's health
influence/affect one's health
对身体有不好的影响
...is addicted to drinking，which will have bad effects on one's health.……饮酒有瘾，这对身体不好。
趁热打铁，佳句活用 对照修改，再次背诵
1．然而，其余的人强烈反对这一做法。原因如下。
________________________________________________________________________
2．首先，这会给许多家庭造成经济负担。
________________________________________________________________________
3．而且，很多大学有足够的计算机供学生使用。
________________________________________________________________________
4．我个人认为，新生没有必要买笔记本电脑。
________________________________________________________________________
5．他们会沉迷于电脑游戏，这会影响他们的学习。
________________________________________________________________________ 1．However，the others are strongly against it.
Their reasons are as follows.
2．In the first place，it will add financial burden to some families.
3．What's more，many universities are equipped with adequate computers for use.
4．Personally speaking，it is unnecessary to buy a laptop for freshmen.
5．They may be addicted to computer games，which will have bad effects on their studies.
Step Ⅲ
今天的成功可以复制。Today's success can be replicated.
Step Ⅰ和Step Ⅱ的背诵是为了考场写作的成功开始 连句成文，体验成功
复习Step Ⅰ和Step Ⅱ背诵的句子，然后写下面的作文：
学生考入大学后，是否需要立即为其配备笔记本电脑，我们班进行了讨论。对此，有人赞同，有人反对。请你根据下列内容，写一篇英文短文，并发表自己的看法。
支持者：
1．是对子女奋发努力取得好成绩的肯定和奖励；
2．方便今后的学习，可随时随地上网查资料。
反对者：
1．势必会给有些家庭增加经济负担；
2．大学里有足够的计算机供学生使用。
注意：
1．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．词数100左右。 Recently we had a discussion about whether it is necessary for freshmen to have a laptop when they go to university.Different people have different ideas.
Most people are in favor of it.Here are the reasons.First of all, freshmen deserve a laptop as an award for their great efforts and achievements.In addition, having a laptop in hand will bring more convenience to their studies and they can have easier access to the Internet, which will in turn benefit them.
However, the others are strongly against it.Their reasons are as follows.In the first place, it will add financial burden to some families.What's more, many universities are equipped with adequate computers for use.
Personally speaking, it is unnecessary to buy a laptop for freshmen.They may be addicted to computer games, which will have bad effects on their studies.
Modules 12 Deep South & The Renaissance
1．____________ n.深度→____________ adj.深的
2．____________ adj. 商业的→____________ n.商业；贸易
3．____________ v.促进；增进→____________ n.促进；发扬；提升
4．____________ adj.仪式性的；正式的→____________ n.仪式；典礼
5．____________ adj. 烦人的；令人讨厌的→____________ v.（使）疲倦；（使）厌烦
6．____________ adj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的→____________ adj.沮丧的→____________ n.沮丧
7．____________ n.宝石→____________ n.珠宝；首饰
8．____________ adj. 传说中的→____________ n.传说；传奇故事
9．____________ n.可靠性→____________ adj.可靠的；可信赖的→______ v.依赖；依靠
10．____________ n.鼓舞；启示；灵感→____________ v.鼓舞；激励
11．____________ adv.基本上；本质上→____________ adj.基本的；基础的
12．____________ n.效果；作用→____________ adj.有效的
13．____________ n.（犯罪）嫌疑人；可疑分子→____________ adj.有嫌疑的；可疑的→____________ n.怀疑；涉嫌
14．____________ n. 官员；高级职员→____________ n.办公室→____________ n.军官
1．In the ____________（缺乏）of serious consideration，let us not draw any conclusion.
2．We don't think such an ____________（反常的）phenomenon will last long.
3．____________（商业的）television is an effective medium for advertising.
4．From 1689 ____________（竞争）between England and France affected their possessions in North America.
5．Xie Jin has the ____________（强烈的）community responsibility and the artistic conscience.
6．The real secret of success is ____________（激情）and enthusiasm.
7．The scientist could not ____________（计算）when the spaceship would reach the Jupiter.
8．The information we have collected about you is strictly ____________（机密的）.
9．She complained that her ____________（手稿）had been heavily blue penciled by the editors.
10．In the long term，stress can ____________（激发）us to do better at jobs we care about.
1．____________信守诺言
2．____________适应
3．____________以防；假使
4．____________突出；醒目
5．____________踏上；到达
6．____________进入视线
7．____________负责
8．____________提出；想出
9．____________把……抛在后面
10．___________依靠；依赖
11．___________代表
12．___________渴求
1．Then in 1895，a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became ____________ the Antarctic mainland.
后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯滕·博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。
句型提炼：the first man to set foot on...表示“第一个登上……的人”，此处不定式短语to set foot on...作定语。
2．____________ he went，he carried a notebook around with him，____________ he wrote down his ideas.
不管走到哪里他都随身携带一个笔记本，以便随时记录下自己的想法。
句型提炼：wherever相当于no matter where，引导让步状语从句，表示“不论哪里；任何地方”；in which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰a notebook。
3．____________ his only contribution to history had been the Mona Lisa，it ____________ genius enough for all time.
但即使他对历史的贡献仅仅是一幅《蒙娜·丽莎》，这也已经是恒久的天才作品。
句型提炼：even if意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。
1．promote vt.促进；增进；晋升；使升级；促销；推销
promote sb. from sth. to sth.把某人从某职位提升至某职位
be promoted to...被升为……
promotion n.提升；晋级
be on one's promotion有希望提升
①He certainly ought to be promoted.他确实应该被提升。
②The boy was promoted to the fourth grade.
这个男孩升到四年级。
③The company are promoting their new products on television.
这家公司正在电视上宣传他们的新产品。
④The boss promoted him to sales manager.
老板提升他为销售经理。
反馈1.1On Environmental Day，some student volunteers dressed in plastic bags in the streets ______ the idea of not using them.
A．involve B．clarify
C．exchange
D．promote
反馈1.2Because of his good work，John was ______ to a higher class.
A．appointed
B．promoted
C．proceeded
D．selected
反馈1.3（2012山东实验中学二模，33）Steven Spielberg is coming to our city to ______ his new movie.
A．offend
B．explore
C．promote
D．reserve
2．suspect n.嫌疑犯 adj.可疑的；不可信的 v.猜想；觉得；怀疑；不信任
suspect sb. of（doing）sth.怀疑某人（做了）某事
suspect sb. to be猜想某人是……
suspect thatclause怀疑……
①He is the prime suspect in the case.他是这个案子的首要嫌疑人。
②Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect.
他们出示的证据中有些非常令人怀疑。
③He resigned after being suspected of theft.
他被怀疑有偷窃行为，随后就辞职了。
易混辨析doubt与suspectdoubt 意思是“怀疑……不是”，表示不相信。 I doubt whether we'll arrive on time.
我怀疑我们能否按时到达。
suspect 意思是“怀疑……是”，表示相信。 He seems poor，but I suspect that he has quite a lot of money.
他看上去很穷，可是我怀疑他很有钱。
反馈2.1Stella is certainly a good neighbour.What made you ______ her of having taken the money?
A．doubt
B．suspect
C．charge
D．admit
反馈2.2The man ______ of stealing the money was caught by Beijing police，the Xinhua News Agency reported on Friday.
A．being suspected
B．suspecting
C．suspected
D．to be suspected
反馈2.3Nobody wants to make friends with the boy______money.
A．suspected of having stolen
B．suspected to steal
C．suspected having stolen
D．suspecting to have stolen
3．seek vt.& vi.寻求；寻找；要求；试图
seek one's fortune 寻找致富及成功之路
seek one's advice 征求某人的意见
seek sth.from sb.向某人寻求某事
seek to do sth.试图、设法做某事
seek after 追求；企图得到
seek for寻求；寻找
①Most men seek wealth；all men seek happiness.
大多数人寻求财富；每个人都追求幸福。
②I have never sought to hide my views.
我从不企图隐瞒自己的观点。
③We sought（for）an answer to the question，but couldn't find one.
我们寻找这个问题的答案，可是没能找到。
温馨提示下列动词后接不定式也可表达“试图做”“企图做”：try to do，intend to do，mean to do，want to do。
反馈3.1—Anything else to say for yourself?
—Well，dear judge，I have never ______ to hide my views.
A．managed
B．succeeded
C．sought
D．failed
反馈3.2We are seeking ______ a solution to the problem.
A．to
B．for
C．of
D．in
反馈3.3—I don't know ______ to join the army or to find a job after my graduation.
—Why don't you ______ your parents' advice? They will surely help you.
A．if；takeB．whether；follow
C．if；giveD．whether；seek
4．blame vt.责备；责怪；谴责；把……归咎于 n.埋怨；责备；责怪；责任
be to blame 应负责任；应受责备
blame sb.for sth.因某事而责怪某人
blame sth.on sb.把某事归罪于某人
take the blame for... 承担……的责任
lay/put the blame on sb.把某事归咎于某人
①Who is to blame for the inflated rents?
房租上涨该由谁负责？
②They blamed him for the accident.＝They blamed the accident on him.
他们因这次事故而责怪他。
③The company is ready to take the blame for what had happened.
公司准备对已发生的事情承担责任。
反馈4.1（2016山西汾阳中学一模，32）—Who is to ______ for the accident，you or I?
—I don't know.
A．scold
B．be blamed
C．blame
D．criticize
反馈4.2______ for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.
A．Blamed
B．To be blamed
C．Blaming
D．To blame
5．stand out显眼；突出；醒目；杰出
①Fred was very tall and stood out in the crowd.
高大的弗雷德在人群中特别显眼。
②It stands out a mile what has to be done.
应该做什么再明显不过了。
③I think black lettering will stand out best on a yellow sign.
我认为黄色标志上用黑色字体最醒目。
反馈5— Next week I will go to a job interview.Will you give me some suggestions?
—Smiling is a great way to make yourself ______.
A．stand out
B．turn out
C．work out
D．pick out
6．in case of 以防；假若；万一；倘使
in case（＋从句）以防；万一；免得
in any case无论如何
in no case决不
in the case of至于；在……情况下；就……而言
in this/that case如果是这样/那样；在这样/那样的情况下
as is often the case 这是常有的事
①You'd better take your umbrella in case of rain/in case it rains.
你最好带把雨伞，以防下雨。
②He was absent，as is often the case.
他没有来，这是常有的事。
③In any case，catch the train tomorrow.
无论如何，明天搭火车。
温馨提示in no case置于句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序。
In no case should you give up.
无论如何你都不能放弃。
反馈6.1They are quite at a loss as to what to do ______ a fire in the warehouse.
A．in honour of
B．in need of
C．in case of
D．in form of
反馈6.2“In no case ______ you are a Chinese，” Dad told me before I went to Japan.
A．you should forget
B．forget you
C．should you forget
D．shouldn't you forget
反馈6.3（2016山东兖州诊断，32）Leave your key with your neighbor ______ you lock yourself out one day.
A．as long as
B．in case
C．even though
D．as if
7．on behalf of代表……；为……说话
on behalf of sb.＝on sb.'s behalf代表某人；为了某人
in behalf of sb.＝in sb.'s behalf 为帮助某人
① On behalf of the department I would like to thank you all.
我谨代表全系感谢大家。
② The president can't be here today，so I'm going to speak on his behalf.
今天总裁不能来，所以我将代表他发言。
反馈7I feel it ______ that I can make a speech ______ my school.
A．honoured；on behalf of
B．an honour；on behalf of
C．honouring；on the behalf of
D．honour；on the behalf of
基础梳理整合
词汇拓展
1．depth；deep 2．commercial；commerce 3．promote；promotion 4．ceremonial；ceremony 5．tiresome；tire 6．depressing；depressed；depression 7．jewel；jewelry 8．legendary；legend 9．reliability；reliable；rely 10．inspiration；inspire 11．basically；basic 12．effect；effective 13．suspect；suspected；suspicion 14．official；office；officer
语境记词
1．absence 2．abnormal 3．Commercial 4．rivalry 5．intense 6．passion 7．calculate 8．confidential 9．manuscript 10．motivate
短语回顾
1．keep one's promise 2．adapt to 3．in case of 4．stand out 5．set foot on 6．come into sight 7．in charge of 8．come up with 9．leave sth.behind 10．depend on 11．on behalf of 12．be thirsty for
典句分析
1．the first man to set foot on 2．Wherever；in which 3．even if；would have been
考点归纳拓展
1.1 D involve意为“包含；牵涉”；clarify意为“澄清；说明”；exchange意为“交换；交流”；promote意为“增进；增强”。D项符合句意，表示“增强不使用塑料袋的意识”。
1.2 B appoint意为“任命”，后面应接表示职位的词；promote意为“晋升；使升级”；proceed意为“进行；开展”；select意为“挑选”。根据句意判断应选B项。
1.3 C offend意为“触怒；冒犯”；explore意为“探索；探险”；promote意为“促进；促销”；reserve意为“储备；保留”。句意：斯蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格要来我们城市推销他的新电影。
2.1 B doubt意为“怀疑”，常指觉得什么东西不可能，用于肯定句时，多接 whether/if 引导的从句，用于否定句时，多接that引导的从句；suspect意为“怀疑”，常指觉得什么东西有可能，用于 suspect sth.to be或suspect sb.of（doing）sth.结构；charge意为“索价；收费”；admit意为“承认；准许进入”。根据句意和后面的of短语可知应选B项。
2.2 C 由句意可知The man和suspect之间是被动关系，即sb.be suspected of doing sth.，故C项正确。
2.3 A suspect sb.of doing sth.意为“怀疑某人做了某事”，该句中the boy与suspect 之间为动宾关系，故应用过去分词短语suspected of having stolen作the boys的定语。
【思路拓展】suspected of having stolen money相当于定语从句who is suspected of having stolen money。
3.1 C 句意：——你还有什么要为自己辩护的吗？——哦，亲爱的法官先生，我从来都没有试图隐瞒我的观点。seek to do sth.意为“试图、企图做某事”，符合句意。manage to do sth.意为“设法成功地做某事”；fail to do sth.意为“未能做某事”；succeed一般后接in doing sth.，表示“成功做了某事”。
3.2 B seek后可接to do sth.或for sth.，该题空后为名词，故选B项。
3.3 D 引导宾语从句时，whether和if常可换用，但后面接不定式或后面有or时，一般不用if，所以第一个空用whether；根据句意判断第二个空应用seek，seek one's advice 意为“征求某人的意见”，而follow one's advice意为“听从某人的意见”。
4.1 C be to blame为固定短语，意为“应受责备”，所以答案为C项。
4.2 A blame sb.for sth.意为“因某事而责怪某人”，该句主语Alice与blame为被动关系，所以应选过去分词形式作状语。
5．A A项意为“突出；出色；超群”；B项意为“结果是；证明是；生产”；C项意为“解出”；D项意为“挑出；选出”。句意：微笑是使你脱颖而出的好办法。
6.1 C in honour of意为“为了向……表示敬意”；in need of意为“需要……”；in case of意为“万一；如果；假若”；in form of意为“用……形式”。此处应选C项，表示“假若仓库失火的话”。
6.2 C 由于in no case位于句首，所以应用倒装语序，答案为C项。
6.3 B A项意为“只要”；B项意为“以防”；C项意为“即使”；D项意为“仿佛；好像”。根据逻辑关系判断应选B项，表示“以防有一天你把自己锁在外面”。
7．B 第一个空应选an honour，表示“一件荣幸的事”；第二个空应选on behalf of，表示“代表……”。