课时作业(二十二) 必修4 Module 4 Great Scientists
.单项填空
1．(2016·南京一模)—Do you think I should join the singing group，Mary?
—________If I were in your shoes，I certainly would.
A．None of your business. B．It depends.
C．Why not?
D．I don’t think so.
2．(2016·山东临沂一模)In a way，________global warming is a challenge for man，so we must overcome it to build________fine world.
A．the；/
B．a；the
C．a；/
D．/；a
3．(2016·南通调研)Until we have discussed all the details，no decision________about any new operations.
A．will be made
B．is made
C．is being made
D．has been made
4．Large quantities of food________transported by volunteers to the disaster area a few days ago.
A．has
B．have
C．was
D．were
5．You may not agree，but my________opinion is that this programme is not suitable for children.
A．unique
B．optimistic
C．personal
D．generous
6．—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key________the problem is to meet the demand________by the customers.
A．to solving；making
B．to solving；made
C．to solve；making
D．to solve；made
7．We all know that hard working and plain living are fine________of our Chinese people.
A．qualities
B．manners
C．deeds
D．quantities
8．It’s impossible for all the people to get the job because ________ of them are not fit for it.
A．none
B．all
C．not all
D．every one
9．—That’s me when I graduated from college.See what I look like now.
—Why not take up exercise to improve your________？
A．look
B．form
C．shadow
D．figure
10．(2016·山东聊城一中月考)The driver，________the passengers，________responsible for the accident.
A．more than；are
B．rather than；is
C．other than；were
D．less than；was
11．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside
the bed to keep himself________of his own dreams.
A．reminding
B．to remind
C．reminded
D．remind
12．(2016·唐山模拟)After the earthquake，the electricity supply failed，________the cooling system break down.
A．having made
B．making
C．made
D．to make
13．(2016·山东青岛期末检测) Eventually the roads________and the traffic began to flow again.
A．cleaned
B．removed
C．moved
D．cleared
14．(2016·山西高三考前适应性训练)________the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area need to be repaired.
A．As a result of
B．On top of
C．In front of
D．In need of
15．Mendel was known ________a famous scientist________his contributions ________genetics.
A．for；as；to
B．as；to；in
C．for；with；in
D．as；for；to
.阅读理解
A
(2016·山西太原五校检测)
There are many ways of defining success.It is accurate to say that each of us has our own ideas of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily.Because each of us possesses unique differences in
genetic
ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities，it is necessarily true that we must define success
broadly.
For some people，simply being able to live their life with
the least misery and suffering is considered a success.Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep，enjoys his simple life with his family in the beauty of nature，and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of him and accepted by his family and his society.On the other hand，it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions，many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success.Because not all ventures can be successful，one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success，but if one has self-cconfidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at a too low level of achievement.
A wise man once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration (挫败) with his own professional success，“You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling.Sometimes one can be very successful merely
by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown.” The man added，“You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success
until
you
have
been
unsuccessful
at something you really like，and to which you have given your best effort.”
1．According to the first paragraph，what is implied as basics in achieving success?
A．Ability and goals.
B．Goals and determination.
C．Ability and environments.
D．Goals and environments.
2．Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because________.
A．their life is busy and miserable
B．they haven’t reached their own standards
C．they set their goals at a too low level
D．they are not rich in material possessions
3．From the last paragraph we can tell that________.
A．success means achieving great goals
B．success comes from setting great goals
C．success means efforts and favorites pay off
D．success has nothing to do with the distance of your travel
B
(2016·长沙二模)
Handling a wad of cash may be as good at killing pain than ibuprofen (布洛芬) or aspirin，a new study suggests.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota carried out a series of studies which showed those who counted money before taking part in an experiment where they were subjected to low levels of pain felt less discomfort than those who did not.
It’s thought that fondling notes and coins helps ward off pain by boosting feelings ofself-worth and self-sufficiency.
Previous studies have shown those with a greater sense of self-worth may be more likely to bear pain.Britain spends at least ￡500 million a year on over-the-counter painkilling pills and the figure is increasing every year.But scientists remain puzzled by why some people appear to feel pain more easily than others.In the latest study，a group of students were asked to count out a wad of cash consisting of 80 one-hundred dollar bills，or just 80 slips of blank paper.They had been told researchers were simply testing their dexterity (熟练) in handling the notes.
Each volunteer was then asked to dip their hands into a bowl of very hot water，to see how painful they found it and how long they could last.The results，published in a recent edition of the journal Psychological Science，showed those who had handled money reported less pain and lasted longer.The results support other studies highlighting how the brain can be tuned to fight off pain without the use of pills.
A University of Los Angeles team of scientists found just looking at a photograph of a loved one can also be a powerful form of pain relief.They recommended anyone visiting hospital for painful tests or examinations should bring a picture to help them cope.
And patients who have had major surgery，such as a knee or hip replacement，can halve the amount of painkilling medicine they need simply by stroking a pet，according to tests at Loyola University in Chicago.
4．Handling money can prevent pain because ________.
A．we are confident in our usefulness
B．we can afford the expenses of the treatment
C．we can do everything with the money
D．we can’t live without money
5．The phrase “over-the-counter painkilling pills” refer to pills________.
A．that can be obtained outside the drug store
B．that can be bought without a prescription
C．that are placed on the counter of the store
D．that are purchased with a written order from a doctor
6．Which of the following may least kill pain?
A．Counting out a wad of cashes.
B．Looking at the picture of a loved one.
C．Handling a group of blank paper.
D．Walking a pet.
7．What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．Money Makes Something Impossible Possible
B．Money Has a Magic Power in Treating Patients
C．Money Brings Comfort to Pain Suffers
D．Money Kills Pains Better than Aspirin
8．We can infer that the passage is________.
A．a research report on the role of money
B．a kind of medicine instructions
C．an introduction to a new medicine
D．a description of natural reaction to a medicine
详解答案
课时作业(二十二)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．解析： 句意为：——玛丽，你认为我应该去参加合唱团吗？——为什么不呢？如果我是你的话，我肯定会参加的。根据If引导的虚拟条件句可知，空处应用“ Why not？”。
答案： C
2．解析： 句意为：从某种意义上说，全球变暖是对人类的一个挑战，因此为了建立一个美好的世界我们必须克服这种情况。第一个空global warming是惯用法，不加冠词；而第二个空表泛指，要用不定冠词a，表示“一个美好的世界”。
答案： D
3．解析： 句意为：直到我们讨论完所有的细节后，才能决定手术。until引导的时间状语从句中现在完成时表示的是将来完成的动作，主句用一般将来时，所以答案为A。
答案： A
4．解析： “large quantities of＋不可数名词”作主语，句子谓语动词常用复数，且transport与food之间为动宾关系，句中有明确表示过去的时间状语a few days ago，故选D项。
答案： D
5．解析： 考查形容词辨析。personal个人的，符合题意。句意为：你或许不同意，但是我个人认为这个节目对孩子来说不合适。unique独特的；optimistic乐观的；generous慷慨的。
答案： C
6．解析： 考查介词及过去分词。句意为：——你怎么处理公司和顾客之间的分歧？——解决问题的关键是满足顾客的要求。key后面的to为介词，其后接动名词；made by the customers作后置定语，修饰demand。
答案： B
7．解析： 考查名词辨析。quality品质。句意为：我们都知道艰苦朴素是我们中国人的优良品质。manner礼貌，举止，方式；deed行动，事迹；quantities数量。
答案： A
8．解析： not 与 all 连用为部分否定，表示“并非所有的……都……”；D项中 every one 与 not 连用也可表示部分否定，但谓语动词要用单数。
答案： B
9．解析： 考查名词辨析。由take up exercise与that’s me when I graduated from college的对比，可知这个人现在身材不好了，figure身材，体形，符合句意。而look外表，form形式，shadow影子，均不合乎语境。
答案： D
10．解析： 考查短语和主谓一致。句意为：在这次事故中，应承担责任的是司机而不是乘客。more than多于，超过；rather than而不是；other than除了；less than少于。本句主语为The driver，故选B。
答案： B
11．解析： 考查动词和动词短语。句意为：迈克尔在床边挂了一张姚明的照片以便时刻使自己记得自己的梦想。keep＋宾语＋宾补(使……处于某种状态)，后面的宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词或过去分词，过去分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系也就是被动关系，现在分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的主动关系；remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事或提醒某人某事，由该结构可以看出，himself与remind之间为被动关系，故选C。
答案： C
12．解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：地震后，电力供应停止了，结果造成冷却系统崩溃。making the cooling system break down在句中充当结果状语。
答案： B
13．解析： 考查动词辨析。句意为：最后道路上的障碍清除了，交通又通畅了。clean打扫；remove除去；move移动；clear(烟雾等)消散，澄清(误会)，清除障碍等。
答案： D
14．解析： 考查词义辨析。句意为：由于严重的洪水灾害，这个地区三分之二的建筑物需要维修。as a result of由于……的结果，符合题意。on top of在……之外，另外；in front of在……前面；in need of需要。
答案： A
15．解析： 句意为：Mendel作为一名著名科学家因其对遗传学的贡献而闻名。be known as作为……而闻名，be known for因……而闻名；be known to为……所知；contributions to对……的贡献。根据句意可知D项正确。
答案： D
Ⅱ.阅读理解
语篇解读： 在本篇文章中，作者从不同的角度定义了成功。
1．解析： 推理判断题。由文章第一段的最后一句可知，因为我们每个人拥有的遗传的能力和有利的环境不同，所以我们对成功的定义很宽泛。由此可以推断，作者认为能力和环境是取得成功的基本条件。
答案： C
2．解析： 细节理解题。文章第二段的倒数第二句指出，有的人已经很富有了却认为自己不成功是因为他们是根据自己的目标判断成功与否的。
答案： B
3．解析： 推理判断题。文章最后一句指出，在没有尽全力做自己喜欢的事而失败之前，失败都不算是真正的失败，由此可推知，C项正确。
答案： C
语篇解读： 本文是一篇科普类文章。研究发现，通过数钱、看自己喜欢的画、养宠物等都可以减轻痛苦。
4．解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s thought that fondling notes and coins helps ward off pain by boosting feelings of self-worth and self-sufficiency.”可知，数钱可以带来自我价值和自我满足感，从而有助于止痛，故答案选A。
答案： A
5．解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Handling a wad of cash may be as good at killing pain than ibuprofen (布洛芬) or aspirin...”可知，本文是将数钱和ibuprofen (布洛芬) or aspirin进行比较，over-the-counter painkilling pills就是指第一段中的ibuprofen (布洛芬) or aspirin，而这两种药可以直接在药店买，不需要开处方，故答案选B。
答案： B
6．解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段和最后两段可知，通过数钱、看自己喜欢的画、养宠物都可以减轻痛苦，只有C项在文中没有涉及，故答案选C。
答案： C
7．解析： 标题概括题。根据第一段可知，一项新的研究表明，比起止痛药布洛芬和阿司匹林，数钱也许更能有效止痛。
答案： D
8．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“a new study suggests”和第二段中的“Researchers...”可知，本文是一篇有关金钱作用的报道，故答案选A。
答案： A