2016届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes词汇与短语1
1.right away 立刻,马上
【链接】
“立刻,马上”常见表达:immediately,instantly,presently,directly,shortly,soon,at once,right away,right now,without delay,in no time
2.burst
vi.爆裂;爆发n.突然破裂;爆发
【常考用法】
burst with joy心花怒放
burst open爆裂
burst into tears/laughter突然大哭/笑起来
burst out crying/laughing突然大哭/笑起来
burst through the door破门而入
The sun burst through the clouds.太阳从云缝里露出来了。
burst in闯入,打断,突然出现
burst in upon one’s conversation打断某人谈话
burst into the house破门而入
burst forth爆发,喷发
a burst of laughter 爆发出一阵笑声
3.event n. 事件,大事
【常考用法】
at all events/in any event不管发生什么事;在任何情况下;无论如何
be wise after the event事后聪明的,事后诸葛亮
in either event无论发生哪件事
in that event如果那种情况发生,如果是那样的话
in the event结果,到头来
in the event of万一,倘若
in the normal course of events
按照事物自然发生的程序
【辨析】event,incident,affair,matter与business
(1)event主要指重要的事件,如:国家的、社会的、边界的大事,也指每日里发生的事件或活动以及比赛项目。
(2)incident意为“事件,事变”,用于表示突发事件或偶发事件,指日常小事或不太重要的事件。
(3)affair含义较广,侧重指已发生或必须去做的任何事情或事务。复数形式多指重大或较复杂的事务。
(4)matter是普通用词,着重指一件考虑中的或需要处理的事。
(5)business通常指较重要或较难而又必须承担的事情,也可指公事。
【十年高考链接】
(1)(2007·山东高考)I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a(n)
of personal taste.
A.affair
B.event
C.matter
D.variety
答案:C
It’s a matter of...意为“是……的问题”。
(2)(2007·浙江高考)Of the seven days in a week,Saturday is said to be the most popular
for a wedding in some countries.
A.way
B.situation C.event
D.choice
答案:D
本题考查名词的意思。句意:在一周七天当中,星期六在一些国家据说是婚礼的最佳之选。way方式,方法;situation情形,局势;event事件,大事;choice选择。
4.at an end 结束,终结
【常考用法】
be at an end完结
come to an end完结
put an end to使……结束
at the end在末端,在尽头
in the end终于,在最后
at the end of在……末(端),在……尽头
by the end of到……末为止
end up as head of the firm最后成为公司主管
end up with failure以失败告终
end up getting disappointed以失望收场
【十年高考链接】
(1)(2011·安徽高考)As the story
,the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.
A.begins B.happens C.ends D.develops
答案:D
本题考查动词的词义辨析。句意:“随着故事情节的展开,这个陌生人物的真面目被慢慢地揭开了。” begin “开始”;happen “发生”;end “结束”;develop “发展,开展”。真面目被慢慢揭开是随着故事情节的“展开”,而不是随着故事情节的“开始”“发生”或“结束”。题干中的slowly是关键信息词,只有读懂关键信息词,才能真正理解句子的含义。解答这类题时需要理解句子的含义,从而确定所需要的动词。
(2)(2010·天津高考)Joining the firm as a clerk,he got rapid promotion,and
as a manager.
A.ended up B.dropped out C.came back D.started off
答案:A
句意:成为该公司的一名员工,他得到了快速的升迁,最终他成为了一名经理。end up as...作为……的结束,最终成为……;drop out 退出,退学;come back 返回,苏醒;start off出发,开始。根据句意知A项正确。
(3)(2010·江西高考)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep,and you may just
sweet dreams.
A.keep up with B.put up with C.end up with D.catch up with
答案:C
句意:睡觉之前闻闻这些花,你就会进入甜美的梦乡。keep up with跟上;put up with容忍;end up with以……结束;catch up with 赶上。根据句意可知C项正确。
(4)(2009·天津高考)Don’t worry if you don’t understand everything.The teacher will
the main points at the end.
A.recover B.review
C.require D.remember
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。recover恢复;review复习,回顾;require要求,需要;remember记忆,记住。句意:如果你没理解所有知识的话,不用担心。老师会在结束时把重要的知识点再回顾一下。
(5)(2007·山东高考)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft,the most recent
at the end of last March.
A.has been launched
B. having been launched
C.being launched
D.to be launched
答案:B
句中没有连接词,故不能选作谓语动词的A项;由at the end of last March可知应选用表示动作完成的B项;the most recent having been launched为独立主格结构。
(6)(2007·江苏高考)At the end of the meeting,it was announced that an agreement
A.has been reached
B.had been reached
C.has reached
D.had reached
答案:B
考查过去完成时的意义及用法。“协议达成”的动作发生在was announced之前,故用过去完成时。
5.nation n. 民族;国家;国民
【常考用法】
the whole nation全国人民
make a speech/give an address to the nation over the radio向全国发表广播演说
hold the nation together/unite the nation把全民族团结起来
【辨析】nation,state,country,land与power
(1)nation是普通用词,指在某一国土定居的人民、民族,强调人民。
(2)state是正式用词,指政治概念上的国家,即由政府所代表的国家。
(3)country是普通用词,侧重国土与人民。
(4)land常用于文学中,侧重国土,带感情色彩。
(5)power特指拥有强大军事力量,在国际事务中有较强权威或影响的国家,即强国、大国。
6.ruin n.废墟,毁灭 vt.毁灭,使破产
【常考用法】
(1)fall into ruin破败不堪,严重受损
go to ruin严重受损,毁掉
in ruins严重受损,破败不堪
the ruins of a great empire一个伟大帝国的废墟
(2)ruin the crops毁了庄稼
ruin our plan毁掉我们的计划
ruin our hope毁了我们的希望
ruin the whole plan毁掉整个计划
ruin yourself毁了你自己
ruin your health把你的身体搞坏
ruin their image毁掉他们的形象
ruin our vacation/holiday破坏了我们的假期
【十年高考链接】
(1)(2016·辽宁高考)The accident caused some
to my car,but it’s nothing serious.
A.harm B.injury C.ruin D.damage
答案:D
harm意为“危害;伤害”,主要指精神上的伤害;injury意为“受伤”,主要指躯体和情感上的伤害;ruin意为“毁灭;废墟;崩溃”,强调毁灭和不可修复;damage意为“损坏;损毁;损失”,强调使部分功能缺失。句意为“这起事故对我的汽车造成了一些损坏,但是不太严重”。
(2)(2007·北京高考)I got caught in the rain and my suit
.
A.has ruined
B.had ruined C.has been ruined
D.had been ruined
答案:C
本题考查时态和语态的运用。ruin表示的动作发生在got caught之后,故排除B、D两项。此处表示被动,所以C项正确。
7.suffering
n.苦难;痛苦
【常考用法】
cause him great suffering(s)使他深受痛苦
suffering from toothache遭受牙疼的痛苦
suffering from food shortage遭受食物短缺之苦
8.injure
vt.损害,伤害
【常考用法】
injure feeling伤害感情
injure health损害健康
injure sb.’s self-esteem伤害某人的自尊心
injure badly/seriously/severely
严重伤害
be/get injured in an accident在事故中受伤
【链接】
injured adj.受伤的
the injured受伤的人(指一类人)
injury n.(对身体、情感的)伤害,损害
9.destroy
vt.破坏,毁坏;消灭
【常考用法】
destroy a building毁坏建筑物
destroy a plan破坏计划
destroy civilization破坏文明
destroy enemy歼灭敌人
destroy equipment毁坏设备
destroy hope打破希望
destroy sb.’s faith in破坏某人对……的信念
destroy one’s health损坏健康
destroy oneself自杀
destroy deliberately蓄意地破坏
destroy totally全部地毁坏
【十年高考链接】
(2016·湖北高考)Don’t defend him any more.It’s obvious that he
destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.
A.accidentally B.carelessly C.deliberately D.clumsily
答案:C
accidentally“偶然地”;carelessly“粗心地”;deliberately“故意地”;clumsily“笨拙地”。由第一句“不要再为他辩护了”可知,他是“故意地,刻意地”毁坏篱笆。句意:你不要再为他辩护了,显然他是故意把花园的篱笆弄坏了,而且还不道歉。
10.useless adj.无用的,无效的;无益的
【常考用法】
be useless arguing/discussing争论/讨论……没有用处
be useless to continue继续下去没有用处
11.shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊,震动n.休克;打击;震惊
【常考用法】
(1)a great shock to sb.使某人震惊
give sb.a shock使某人惊异
go into shock休克
culture shock文化冲击
to one’s shock使某人震惊的是
with shock/from shock由于震惊
an electric shock触电,电击
(2)shock everyone 使大家很震惊
shock sb.into a stupor把某人吓得目瞪口呆
shock sb.’s sense out of sb.某人因震惊而神志不清
shock at对……感到震惊
【链接】
shocking adj.令人震惊的
shocked adj.感到震惊的
be shocked at对……感到震惊
12.rescue n.& vt.援救,营救
【常考用法】
a rescue team救援队
rescue workers救援人员
come to sb.’s rescue/rescue sb.营救某人
rescue sb.from...把某人从……中营救出来
【辨析】rescue与save
(1)rescue多指营救某人脱离紧迫的危险。
(2)save含义广泛,既可指营救某人使脱离危险,也可指精神或道德上的拯救。
13.trap vt.使陷入困境 n.陷阱,困境
【常考用法】
be trapped in the deep snow陷入深雪中
trap her into marrying him诱骗她嫁给他
set a trap for/to catch the thief设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套
fall into a trap落入陷阱
walk into a trap中计
【辨析】arrest,capture,catch,seize与trap
(1)arrest指根据法律或命令进行逮捕并予以监禁或拘留。
(2)capture指通过武力或计谋等,战胜抵抗而捉住敌人或动物。
(3)catch普通用词,指捉住跑动或隐藏中的人或动物,一般指活捉。
(4)seize侧重指以突然、有力地动作迅速抓住或捉住。
(5)trap多指诱捕。
【十年高考链接】
(2008·山东高考)By the time he realizes he
into a trap,it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
A.walks
B.walked C.has walked
D.had walked
答案:C
本题考查动词时态。由句中realizes及it’ll be可知应用现在的时态,故排除B、D两项,由句意可知空白处强调已经完成的动作,故用现在完成时,walk into a trap中计。
14.dig out 掘出;发现
【常考用法】
dig people out of collapsed buildings在倒塌的建筑物中挖掘救人
dig out a photograph from under a pile of papers从一堆报纸下面抽出一张照片
dig out the truth for the public为公众挖出真相
dig out some important facts找出一些重要的事实
dig out the old magazines翻出旧杂志
15.bury vt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏
【常考用法】
bury the dead掩埋死者
bury ourselves in work我们埋身于工作
bury our sorrow把我们的悲痛掩埋
bury her talents埋没了她的才能
bury yourself in your studies专心致志地学习
bury themselves in scientific research他们一头钻到科研里面
bury gold in the cave把金子埋藏在山洞里
be buried in a novel专心读小说
with his head buried in a book他专心读书
with his hands buried in his pockets他两手插在衣袋里
16.shelter n.掩蔽,掩蔽处;避身处v.保护;掩蔽
【常考用法】
a shelter from the sun遮挡阳光
take shelter from the rain under the tree在树下躲避雨
shelter your face from the bitter cold使你的脸不受冻
sheltered from direct sunlight不受阳光直射
【辨析】shelter,defend,protect与guard
(1)shelter通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害。
(2)defend是普通用词,指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受损害,消除危险。用作比喻时,指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。
(3)protect是普通用词,指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害。
(4)guard是普通用词,指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。
【十年高考链接】
(1)(2010·山东高考)Those who suffer from headache will find they get
from this medicine.
A.relief B.safety C.defense
D.shelter
答案:A
句意:那些头痛患者会发现他们会通过这种药减轻疼痛。relief缓解,减轻;safety安全;defense保护;shelter庇护。
(2)(2009·湖北高考)Some parents are just too protective.They want to
their kids from every kind of danger,real or imagined.
A.spot
B.dismiss C.shelter D.distinguish
答案:C
本题考查动词词义辨析。dismiss sb.(from sth.)解雇某人;开除某人;shelter sb.from sth.保护某人免受……;distinguish sb.from sb.把某人与某人区别开来;spot看见;发现,不与from连用。句意:有些父母保护性太强了。他们想保护自己的孩子免受任何形式的危险,不管这种危险是真实存在的还是想象的。real or imagined在句中作状语。解答本类题目时,一要注意动词与介词搭配;二要正确理解句意。
17.a great number of 许多,大量
【常考用法】
a great number of people许多人
a great number of problems许多问题
a great number of English idioms大量的英语成语
a great number of houses大批房屋
【辨析】a number of...与the number of...
(1)a number of...意思是“许多,大量”,后接可数名词复数或代词,谓语动词用复数形式。 a number of...词组中还可以加入形容词表示数量大或小等(例如:a large/great/small number of...许多/少数……)。
(2)the number of...意思是“……的数量”,介词of同其后名词构成介词短语,修饰the number。当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
【链接】
“许多,大量”常见表达:
(1)a great/large/good number of(+复数名词)
a good many/quite a few(+复数名词)
(2)a great/good deal of(+不可数名词)
a large amount of(+不可数名词)
(3)a large quantity of(+复数或不可数名词)
large quantities of(+复数或不可数名词)
a lot of(+复数或不可数名词)
lots of(+复数或不可数名词)
plenty of(+复数或不可数名词)
【十年高考链接】
(1)(2016·浙江高考)During the last three decades,the number of people participating in physical fitness programs
sharply.
A.was increasing
B.has increased
C.had increased
D.will be increasing
答案:B
句意:在过去的三十年里,参加健身计划的人数急剧增加。由时间状语during the last three decades 可知,本句要用现在完成时态,所以正确答案为B项。注意对现在完成时态的时间状语in/during/over the last/past ten years,so far,since...等的积累。
(2)(2010·江西高考)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000,a(n)
of 40,000 per year.
A.average B.number C.amount D.quantity
答案:A
句意:去年拿到驾照的学员数量达到了20万,平均每年4万。an average of...……的平均数;a number of许多,大量;an amount of许多,大量;a quantity of许多,大量。
(3)(2010·四川高考)The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too
.
A.small B.few C.large D.many
答案:C
句意:学校搬出了市中心,因为学生的数量增长得太多了。由句意知应是学生数量增多了,在英语中,修饰“数量多少”时,只可用表示“大小”的small,large或great修饰,不可用few或many,故选C项。
(4)(2009·山东高考)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities
rising steadily since 1997.
A.is
B.are
C.has been
D.have been
答案:C
本题考查主谓一致及时态的运用。“the number of+n.”作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式;由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。
(5)(2006·浙江高考)We always keep
spare paper,in case we run out.
A.too much B.a number of C.plenty of D.a good many
答案:C
句意:我们总是保存着备用纸,以防用光。a number of与a good many修饰复数名词,由paper为不可数名词可排除B、D两项,too much“太多”不合题意,plenty of“足够的”既可修饰复数名词也可修饰不可数名词,故选C项。
(6)(2004·福建高考)The number of people present at the concert was
than expected.There were many tickets left.
A.much smaller B.much more C.much larger D.many more
答案:A
句意:去听音乐会的人数要比预料的少。剩下了很多票。number的修饰词为“large或small”,根据后文信息There were many tickets left.可知A项正确。