2002年全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. 1) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 2) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 3) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 4) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values.” Who will use a technology and to what ends? 5) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
答案解析
Part B (10 points)
1. 难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
2. 行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的,部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
3. 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明,而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
4. 自由和尊严(它们) 是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
5. (如果) 这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。
上一篇: 2017考研:历年英语翻译真题(23)
下一篇: 2017考研:历年英语翻译真题(21)
体坛英语资讯:Capello: Rooney is special for England
体坛英语资讯:Chinas top player Li sails into last 16 at Wimbledon
小小设计师 The Little Designer
体坛英语资讯:Messi scores second weekly hat-trick in Barcas win in Zaragoza
如何在大型英语考试中拿到高分?
奥巴马发文章:2030年前送人类上火星并安然无恙返回地球
幸福婚姻的关键元素
国内英语资讯:Spotlight: G20 Hangzhou summit offers impetus to BRICS greater role in global economic gov
Visa CEO Charles Scharf to resign, ex-AmEx president to take over
近距离看国外的专职代购年轻人
国内英语资讯:Indian PM calls on business community to work with BRICS to boost trade
埃及新首都建设获中企投资
研究:观看3D电影会让孩子更聪明
体坛英语资讯:Klose joins elite German club with 50th international goal
体坛英语资讯:Beckham ranked best soccer money maker in Forbes
国际英语资讯:Modi lauds BRICS achievements, calling 8th summit success
伊拉克总理宣布对摩苏尔的攻势开始
Samsung Electronics to compensate Galaxy Note 7 parts suppliers
体坛英语资讯:Miller: tired but happy
学生是否该做家务 Shoud Students Do the Housework
苹果7出来了 Iphone7 Is Coming
体坛英语资讯:Roberto Carlos refuses offer from Roma
体坛英语资讯:Chilean President wishes good luck to national team against Brazil
中国黄金单身汉组团赴俄相亲 指定要“肤白碧眼”女子
国内英语资讯:China Focus: The sky-high dreams of Shenzhou-11 astronaut Chen Dong
女性应该注意这七个心脏病症状
体坛英语资讯:Rafael Nadal begins Madrid Open campaign with easy win
国内英语资讯: China Focus: Jing Haipeng, first Chinese astronaut to enter space three times
体坛英语资讯:Capello, Lampard call for goal-line technology
体坛英语资讯:Argentina, Germany to meet in World Cup quarters following controversial wins