在人际交往中,你是否听到过“我看他/她就不顺眼”,“他/她对我有意见有偏见”等等这样的抱怨呢?怎么才能很好地融入到人际交往当中去呢?根据自我实现预言理论(self-fulfilling prophecy),你希望别人对你好,首先你要正确地对待他们——对他们好。
A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true.
“自我实现预言”指的是直接或间接导致预言本身实现的一种预测。
In other words, a positive or negative prophecy, strongly held belief, or delusion—declared as truth when it is actually false—may sufficiently influence people so that their reactions ultimately fulfill the once-false prophecy.
换句话说,积极的或者消极的预言,强烈坚持的信念,或者错觉(被宣称是真实的,其实是错误的),都可能足以影响到人们,使人们的反应最终会导致先前错误的预言实现。
For example, a person stating “I’m probably going to have a lousy day,” might alter his actions so that such a prediction is fulfilled by his actions. This may be an unconscious gesture. A person who might espouse a self-fulfilling prophecy in a positive way “I’m going to have a great day,” might act in ways that will actually make this prediction true.
比如一个人说:“今天我可能过得很糟糕”,这也许会改变他今天的行为,于是他的行动就又验证了这个自我预言。这也许是种无意识的举动。而另一个人也许会用积极的方式验证自我实现预言,“我今天会过得很棒”,也许他今天的积极举动就会验证自己的预测。
【典例】
这一理论最著名的实验出自1968年美国著名心理学家罗森塔尔(Rosenthal)和雅各布森(Jacobson)曾经做过的实验。首先,他们给一个中学的所有学生做一个IQ测试,然后告诉学生的老师一些学生的智商(IQ)非常高,并让老师相信这样的高智商足以让这些学生在来年的学习成绩中有个很好的飞跃。但事实上这些所谓的“高智商”的学生并非真的高智商,他们是被随机抽取的。随后的实验结果是惊人的:那些被老师认为“高智商”的学生在来年的学习成绩确实突飞猛进。
实验者把这个现象称为“自我实现预言”,因为原本智力表现相当的一群人,却因为老师对他们的期待不同,而有不同的成长速度。
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