一、现在完成进行的基本用法
1. 现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止。如:
It has been raining since last Sunday. 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。
He's been watching television all day. 他看了一天电视了。
2. 现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。如:
She is very tired. She's been typing letters all day. 她很累了,她整天都在打信件。
Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛红了,她一直在哭。
二、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1. 现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作,而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作。如:
I have read the book. 我读过这本书。
I have been reading the book. 我一直在读这本书。
【注】有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一段时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性)。如:
How long have you worked [been working] here? 你在这儿工作多久了?
I've lived [been living] here since 1988. 自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。
2. 现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如:
I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。(陈述事实)
I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)
3. 现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况,若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况,则通常用现在完成时。如:
He has lived in Paris. 他(一直)住在巴黎。
He has been living in Paris. 他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性)
4. 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时,但它们可以用于现在完成时。如:
I've only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。
They've been married for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。
The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。
5. 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态,若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。如:
The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已漆了一个月。
The problem has been studied for five days. 这个问题已研究了五天。
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