下面我们对一些在英语写作中典型的病句实例逐一加以剖析。
一。不一致(Disagreements)
所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致等。
病句:When one have money, he can do what he want to.
(人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么。)
剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;同理,want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。
改为:Once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).
二。句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
在口语中,交际双方可借助手势、语气、上下文等理解不完整的句子。可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生。
病句:There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.
剖析:本句后半部分For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些词语,不能独立成句。
改为:There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.
三。悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers)
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。
病句1:At the age of ten, my grandfather died.
剖析:这句中at the age of ten只点出十岁时,但没有说明谁十岁时。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么令人费解了。
改为:When I was ten, my grandfather died.
病句2:To do well in college, good grades are essential.
剖析:句中不定式短语to do well in college的逻辑主语不清楚。
改为:To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
四。词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
词性误用常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等。
病句:None can negative the importance of money.
剖析:negative是形容词,误作动词。
改为:None can deny the importance of money.
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