2013年职称英语考试《理工类A级》考试真题

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、 Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.

A．fundamental

B．moral

C．regular

D．hard

2、 The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.

A．rejected

B．approved

C．submitted

D．considered

3、 Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.

A．untouched

B．certain

C．silent

D．doubtful

4、 This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.

A．turned dead

B．passed by

C．carried away

D．become extinct

5、 The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.

A．reliable

B．effective

C．simple

D．alternative

6、 Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.

A．argue

B．claim

C．wish

D．compete

7、 Come out, or Ill bust the door down.

A．shut

B．beat

C．set

D．break

8、 The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.

A．general

B．complex

C．inflexible

D．direct

9、 The tower remains intact ever after two hundred years.

A．unknown

B．undamaged

C．unusual

D．unstable

10、 They didnt seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.

A．existence

B．cause

C．importance

D．situation

11、The contract between the two companies will expire_ soon.

A．shorten

B．start

C．end

D．resume

12、 The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.

A．polluted

B．treated

C．tested

D．corrupted

13、 She shed a few tears at her daughters wedding.

A．produced

B．wiped

C．injected

D．removed

14、 Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.

A．send

B．hear

C．confirm

D．spread

15、 The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town,

A．cautious

B．naked

C．blind

D．private

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

16、请根据短文的内容，对16-23做出判断

Most materials -- especially the ones we engineer for strength - get their toughness frombrittleness. As such, natural silks like those produced by spiders have long fascinated bothbiologists and engineers because of their light weight, ductility and high strength (pound forpOund, silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). But on its face, it doesnt seem that silksshould be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held together by hydrogen bonds, whichare far weaker than the covalent bonds found in other molecules.

To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through suchweak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe theway silk behaves at the atomic level.They found that the arrangement of the tiny silknanocrystals is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing oneanother against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a suddenfracture to spread across a silk structure.

The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree ofstrength. But while thats all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding ofsilk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we cancurrently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult toproduce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).

By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturingmethods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgivingmaterials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought youwere going to get out of this materials science story without heating about carbon nanotubes,think again. The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-likestructures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk -- like carbcn nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.

MIT researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chinese proverb.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

17、 Silks strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds working together.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

18、 Biologist and engineer are interested in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

19、 If the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

20、 The MIT team had tried different materials before they studied natural silk in their research,

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

21、 Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in material science.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

22、It is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题；(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

23、根据材料，回答23-31问题。

2. Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals. Whenthese explode it can turn into a stellar-mass (恒星质量) black hole, which can only occurif the star is large enough (should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it intopieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see andcompare: if a star thats ten times the size of the sun end up being a black hole thats nolonger than 70 kilometers, then the Earth would become black hole thats only a fraction ofan inch !

3. Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there, never to break free. Butremember that black holes can only gobble up (吞噬) objects within a specific distance toit. Its possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole, but the sun willcontinue to stay in place. Orbits (轨道) do not change because the newly formed blackhole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star, only this mass istotally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.

4. So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einsteinstheory of relativity. In the end, through numerous studies, they have discovered that blackholes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light, it is not possible todetect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to explore galaxies (银河系),space and the solar system to understand how black holes work. It is possible that black holescan exist for millions of years, and later contribute further process in galaxies, which caneventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful inlearning how galaxies began to form.

Paragraph 1__________

A．Is there proof that black holes really exist?

B．What are different types of black holes?

C．How are black holes formed?

D．How were black holes named?

E．What happens to the objects around a black hole?

F．What are black holes made of?

24、 Paragraph 2__________

A．Is there proof that black holes really exist?

B．What are different types of black holes?

C．How are black holes formed?

D．How were black holes named?

E．What happens to the objects around a black hole?

F．What are black holes made of?

25、 Paragraph 3__________

A．Is there proof that black holes really exist?

B．What are different types of black holes?

C．How are black holes formed?

D．How were black holes named?

E．What happens to the objects around a black hole?

F．What are black holes made of?

26、 Paragraph 4__________

A．Is there proof that black holes really exist?

B．What are different types of black holes?

C．How are black holes formed?

D．How were black holes named?

E．What happens to the objects around a black hole?

F．What are black holes made of?

27、 Black holes are formed after__________

A．the creation of new entities

B．an explosion of huge stars

C．the tiniest particle

D．the same amount of mass

E．the existence of black holes

F．a fraction of an inch

28、 When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts ever piece into_________

A．the creation of new entities

B．an explosion of huge stars

C．the tiniest particle

D．the same amount of mass

E．the existence of black holes

F．a fraction of an inch

29、 A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of__________

A．the creation of new entities

B．an explosion of huge stars

C．the tiniest particle

D．the same amount of mass

E．the existence of black holes

F．a fraction of an inch

30、 Albert Einsteins theory of relativity helps to prove__________

A．the creation of new entities

B．an explosion of huge stars

C．the tiniest particle

D．the same amount of mass

E．the existence of black holes

F．a fraction of an inch

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。

31、根据材料，回答31-36问题。

The first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing aforecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will notchange. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that itwill be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence methodwould predict two inches of rain for tomorrow.However, if weather conditions changesignificantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the bestforecasting method to use.

The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts,high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, theforecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. Forexample, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250miles per day, suing the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. Thetrends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the samedirection for a long period of time. If they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or changedirection, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.

The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This methodinvolves averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast. Forexample, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City onJuly 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July 4thand take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern issimilar to that expected for the chosen time of year. if the pattern is quite unusual for the giventime of year, the climatology method will often fail.

The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. Itinvolves examining todays forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when theweather scenario looked very similar ( an analog). The forecaster would predict that the weatherin this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. The analog method is difficult to usebecause it is virtually impossible to find a predict analog. Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations they were in the previous time. Even small differences betweenthe current time andre analog can lead to very different results.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method__________?

A．Necessary amount of information.

B．Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.

C．Practical knowledge of the forecaster.

D．Creativity of the forecaster.

32、 The persistence method fails to work well when__________

A．it is rainy

B．it is sunny

C．weather conditions stay stable

D．weather conditions change greatly

33、 The trends method works well when

A．weather features are constant for a long period of time

B．weather features are defined well enough

C．predictions on precipitation are accurate

D．the speed and direction of movement are predictable

34、 The analog method should not be used in making a weather forecast when__________

A．the analog looks complicated

B．the current weather scenario is different from the analog

C．the analog is more than 10 years old

D．the current weather scenario is exactly the same as the analog

35、 Historical weather data are necessary in__________

A．the persistence method and the trends method

B．the trends method and the climatology method

C．the climatology method and the analog method

D．the persistence method and the analog method

36、根据材料，回答36-41问题。

AUK study involving roughly 400 students, mostly aged 8-10 years, and a new generationof multi-touch, multi-user, computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last threeyears the technology has appreciably boosted students math skills compared to peers learning thesame material via the conventional paper-and-pencil method. How? Through collaboration,mostly, as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual studentswho need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.Science,Clay Dillow,classroom of the future,education,engineering,math,mathematics, Synergy Net Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy at increasingstudents fluency in mathematics, essentially through memorization and practice--dull, repetitivepractice. But the researchers have concluded that these new touch screen desks boost bothfluency and flexibility--the critical thinking skills that allow students to solve complex problemsnot simply through knowing formulas and devices, but by being able to figure out what there allproblem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.

One reason for this, the researchers say, is the multi-touch aspect of the technology.Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop, each ofthem contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group. Known as Synergy Net,the software uses computer vision systems that see in the infrared spectrum to distinguishbetween different touches on different parts of the surface, allowing students to access and usetools on the screen, move objects and visual aids around on their desktops, and otherwisephysically interact with the numbers and information on their screens. By using these screenscollaboratively, the researchers say, the students are to some extent teaching themselves as thosewith a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the public education system_________?

A．It does not,catch up with the development of technology.

B．Teachers pay more attention to fast learners than slow learners.

C．Some similar complaints about it are heard in different countries.

D．Many students are not good at learning mathematics.

37、 What has been found after the new tech is employed_________?

A．Teachers are able to give individualized attention to students in need.

B．Students become less active in learning mathematics.

C．Students show preference to the conventional paper-and-pencil method.

D．The gap between slow learners and fast learners gets more noticeable.

38、 What is the benefit student get from the new tech_________?

A．It makes them more fluent in public speech,

B．It offers them more flexibility in choosing courses.

C．It is effective in helping them solve physical problems.

D．It enables them to develop critical thinking ability.

39、 What happenswhen students are using the desktop of the new tech_________?

A．Every student has an individual tabletop.

B．Students use different tools to interact with each other.

C．The multi-touch function stimulates students.

D．The software installed automatically identifies different users.

40、How does the new tech work to improve students mathematical learning_________?

A．It helps fast learners to learn faster.

B．It makes teachers instruction unnecessary.

C．It enables them to work together.

D．It allows the whole class to learn at the same pace.

41、根据材料，回答41-46问题。

The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially whenthey see something new, he says. That, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be adangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they wont be shy about comingright up to you for something to eat. Theyre actually quite sociable creatures around humans,but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.

The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgersate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by mostother animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by theanimals fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Preciouslyresearchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey (猎物). Theteam also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formedloose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research,including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other.

Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distancesin a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers.Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fightsover an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as theyaretowards other species.

As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chanceto get up close to them without being the subject of the animals curiosity--or suddenaggression. The badgers eating patterns, which had been disrupted, to normal. It also allowedthe team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations withthe honey badger, as these seemed to badgers relaxed attitude when near humans.

Why did the wild life experts visit the Kalahari Desert________?

A．To find where honey badgers live.

B．To catch some honey badgers for food.

C．To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.

D．To observe how honey badgers behave.

42、 What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers________?

A．They are always looking for food.

B．They do not enjoy human company.

C．It is common for them to attack people.

D．They show interest in things they are not familiar with.

43、 What did the team find out about honey badgers________?

A．There were some creatures they did not eat.

B．They were afraid of poisonous creatures.

C．Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.

D．They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.

44、 Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers________?

A．They dont run very quickly.

B．They defend their territory from other badgers.

C．They hunt over a very large area.

D．They are more aggressive than females.

45、 What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them________?

A．They lost interest in people.

B．They became less aggressive towards other creatures.

C．They started eating more.

D．Other animals started working with them.

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

46、根据材料，回答46-51问题。

The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into thenorth-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and otherinsects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist inthe country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of upto 60 krn a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometers.　(47) __________A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after itwas found,to also kill native frog species.

The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets,that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything theycan fit inside their mouth.(48) __________A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, saysthat little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleaguesstudied nearly 500 toads from Queens/and and the Northern Territory and found that those in thelatter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometer a night.　(49) __________ But speed and strength come at a price--arthritis of the legs and backbone due toconstant pressure placed on them.

In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritictoads would travel less distance with each hop (跳跃). (50) __________These toads are soprogrammed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far asthe healthy ones, continuing their relentless march across the landscape.

请在第__(46)__处填上正确答案。

A．But this advantage also has a big drawback up to % of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.

B．The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.

C．But arthritis didnt slow down toads outside the laboratory.

D．Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind.

E．Toads are not built to be road runners -- they are built to sit around ponds and wetareas.

F．Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australias native species.

47、 请在第__(47)__处填上正确答案。

A．But this advantage also has a big drawback up to % of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.

B．The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.

C．But arthritis didnt slow down toads outside the laboratory.

D．Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind.

E．Toads are not built to be road runners -- they are built to sit around ponds and wetareas.

F．Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australias native species.

48、 请在第__(48)__处填上正确答案。

A．But this advantage also has a big drawback up to % of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.

B．The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.

C．But arthritis didnt slow down toads outside the laboratory.

D．Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind.

E．Toads are not built to be road runners -- they are built to sit around ponds and wetareas.

F．Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australias native species.

49、 请在第__(49)__处填上正确答案。

A．But this advantage also has a big drawback up to % of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.

B．The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.

C．But arthritis didnt slow down toads outside the laboratory.

D．Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind.

E．Toads are not built to be road runners -- they are built to sit around ponds and wetareas.

F．Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australias native species.

50、 请在第__(50)__处填上正确答案。

A．But this advantage also has a big drawback up to % of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.

B．The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.

C．But arthritis didnt slow down toads outside the laboratory.

D．Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind.

E．Toads are not built to be road runners -- they are built to sit around ponds and wetareas.

F．Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australias native species.

下面的短文有l5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定l个最佳选项。

51、根据材料，回答{TSE}问题。

Thats a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much moreenergy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower(53) __________. And its also a spaceproblem: photovoltaic cells can (54) __________ up all the space on the roof, leaving little room forthermal applications.

In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science andengineering, has devised a(55) __________in the form of a better PVT made with a different kindof silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California andMichael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queens University, Canada.

Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out ofamorphous silicon, commonly known (56)__________thin-film silicon. They dont create as muchelectricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they(57) __________ muchless silicon, they have a greener footprint. (58) __________, thin-film silicon solar cells arevulnerable to some bad news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.

That means that their efficiency drops when you (59) __________ them to light -- pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell, Pearce explains, which is one of the(60) __________thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.

However, Pearce and his team found a(61) __________ to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new(62) __________ of PVT. You dont haveto cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearces group discovered that byheating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling(63) __________ of water, theycould make thicker cells that largely(64) __________the Staebler-Wronski effect. When theyapplied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that bybaking the cell once a day, they (65) ___________ the solar cells electrical efficiency by over 10percent.

请在第__(51)__处填上正确答案。

A．until

B．unless

C．when

D．if

52、 请在第__(52)__处填上正确答案。

A．what

B．which

C．that

D．who

53、 请在第__(53)__处填上正确答案。

A．reward

B．bill

C．pay

D．cost

54、 请在第__(54)__处填上正确答案。

A．move

B．set

C．live

D．take

55、 请在第__(55)__处填上正确答案。

A．decision

B．suggestion

C．solution

D．qualification

56、 请在第__(56)__处填上正确答案。

A．for

B．by

C．with

D．as

57、 请在第__(57)__处填上正确答案。

A．retrieve

B．merge

C．require

D．exchange

58、 请在第__(58)__处填上正确答案。

A．unfortunately

B．certainly

C．luckily

D．immediately

59、 请在第__(59)__处填上正确答案。

A．cover

B．relate

C．face

D．expose

60、 请在第__(60)__处填上正确答案。

A．restrictions

B．advances

C．reasons

D．strengths

61、 请在第__(61)__处填上正确答案。

A．part

B．result

C．subject

D．way

62、 请在第__(62)__处填上正确答案。

A．type

B．size

C．shape

D．brand

63、 请在第__(63)__处填上正确答案。

A．area

B．point

C．place

D．extent

64、 请在第__(64)__处填上正确答案。

A．promoted

B．improved

C．overcame

D．assessed

65、 请在第__(65)__处填上正确答案。

A．boosted

B．defined

C．wasted

D．lowered