省略:
1)省略是为了避免重复,保持语言简洁的一种语法手段。尤其是在口语中,省略是个普遍现象,例如:
I have heard of the news. So have I.
He didnt go to the concert yesterday. Neither did I.
想一下,为什么以上句子的应答部分要采用倒装形式?(见上一节倒装)
此外,此类省略形式的要注意的一个问题是:前后时态要一致。
2)就职称考试而言,大家要特别注意由when, while, whether, if, unless, although等引出的状语从句中的省略现象,比较:
不省略:The young boy was badly injured by a motorcycle when he was crossing the street.
省略:The young boy was badly injured by a motorcycle when crossing the street.
(那个小男孩在穿越马路时被一辆摩托车严重撞伤。)
不省略:If irrigation is not well managed, it can be harmful.
省略:If not well managed, irrigation may be harmful.
(如果管理不当,灌溉也可能会造成损害。)
从以上两个例子可以归纳出此类从句的省略基本规则:
只有当主句和从句的主语相同时才能采用省略形式,省略时将从句的主语连同be动词(若有)一起省略;
如果句子主语与从句的动词是主动关系,采用-ing形式;如果句子主语与从句的动词是被动关系,采用-ed形式;
根据以上规则,确定以下题目的正确答案:
If ______ a hot bath before sleep, a days tiredness will soon vanish.(睡前洗个热水澡,一天的疲劳很快就会消失。)
A.taking
B.taken
C.to take
D.you take
解题思路:由于该句主句的主语是a days tiredness,不可能发出take a hot bath的行为,故不能采用省略,答案应为D.
在if / when / whether + it is necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable 等结构时,则省去 it is, 只保留 necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable等,这是习惯,例如:
Take the medicine when necessary.
注意:英语中一般不能说:you are necessary / convenient / possible/ important等,例如不能说: Take this medicine when you are necessary, 或Come when you are convenient. (应说:Come when it is convenient to you.)
3)what, when, whether, how等 + to do (be) 的省略形式,例如:
You are a college student now;you should know what to do and what not to do.
(你已经是大学生了,应该知道什么该做,什么不该做。)
The train leaves at midnight, but at present we have not decided whether to take the trip.
(火车半夜出发,但是目前我们还没有决定是否出行。)
但是:why (not) do, 中间不用 to 连接,例如:
Why not go and ask the teacher for help?(干吗不去老师那儿请求帮助?)
国际英语资讯:Irans president calls for removal of U.S. sanctions amid COVID-19 outbreak
希拉里:自1996年起不开车
J·K·罗琳犯罪小说《布谷鸟在呼唤》销量大增
国内英语资讯:Chinese mainland reports 41 newly imported COVID-19 cases
国内英语资讯:Chinese premier stresses support for market entities
国际英语资讯:Aussie national carrier halts all international flights, slashes jobs
LV母公司为抗疫出力,香水工厂改生产免费消毒液
体坛英语资讯:Cheruiyot relishes fifth Olympic Games, anchors Kenyas marathon team
体坛英语资讯:Frankfurt knockout Leipzig into German Cup quarters
国际英语资讯:U.S. imposes Iran-related sanctions amid Irans suffering from coronavirus
体坛英语资讯:Leverkusen beat Stuttgart 2-1 to reach German Cup quarterfinals
国内英语资讯:Wuhan to reopen commercial outlets in part of residential communities
We Are Families 民族团结一家亲
国内英语资讯:Xi, Putin discuss strengthening cooperation on fighting COVID-19 by phone
国际英语资讯:Palestinian president stresses fight against COVID-19
疫情全球爆发,有航空公司裁员90%
国际英语资讯:Germanys Bavaria declares emergency situation effective on Tuesday
经济自由度:美国排名日益萎缩
国际英语资讯:Indian PM Modi appeals to citizens to isolate at home, self-impose curfew amid COVID-19 scar
日本取消赏樱活动 武汉大学在线赏樱获赞
国内英语资讯:Shifting blame no help to U.S. epidemic control: spokesman
Airbnb积极应对疫情,现在可以免费取消订单
米歇尔50岁生日:美媒解开米歇尔5大神话
国内英语资讯:China ready to help Britain in COVID-19 fight: Chinese FM
马云开推特,宣布向美国、非洲捐物资,外国网友齐刷刷:Thank you!
体坛英语资讯:Bremen upset Dortmund, Schalke edge Hertha in German Cup
国际英语资讯:Trump says currently not considering nationwide lockdown
体坛英语资讯:PSG beat Nantes 2-1 to go 15 points clear on table
国内英语资讯:France to learn from Chinas experience in fight against coronavirus: FM
国际英语资讯:Albanian PM unveils financial assistance plan to fight coronavirus effects