名师解析英语四六级命题考点和题型

　　分析研究英语四级考试阅读理解历届考题，可以发现命题者命制的考点是有一定规律的，且考点规律常与某种题型相对应。如果考生掌握了这些规律，就能在第一遍快速阅读短文时，敏锐地捕捉到考点并能预测可能会出的题型。考生此时应用笔在这些可能会出题的考点轻轻划上记号，等看完短文开始做题时，针对题干的提问，迅速找到做记号的考点，再仔细分析、答题。这样，考生就能节省不少时间，从而避免开始做题时又要通阅全文盲目找考点。下面，我们将这些考点规律及对应题型归纳如下：

　　1、列举处常考

　　列举处指的是First,，second, ，Third, 等逐步列出，并列指的是A、B and C。其共同特点是列出3条或3条以上的条目。后要求考生从列举出的内容中，选出符合题干要求的答案项。该考点常出题型是细节事实题。 主要有两种：

　　① which题型

　　该题型要求从并列的三项中选一项作为答案，其他选项与题目无关。

　　② except题型

　　该题型要求考生通过核对文章内，排??为答案。也称为三缺一题型。

　　例1. At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: firstly, as members of a police force they always have to be have absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.

　　Q: Whats the policemans biggest headache?

　　He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.

　　He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.

　　He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases.

　　He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possible expense.

　　,又要及时破案,这令他们很难两头兼顾，有时只有犯规。很明显，B、C、D三项都与文章内容不符。)

　　在做此类细节事实题时，只要把细节考点找到，对照选项内容，跟细节事实不一致的就不是选项。考生只需细心一点都能辨清细节事实，选对答案。

　　例2.I believe we have a three-part mission for the present.First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves . Second，we mast investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third，we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade，maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on barrages.

　　Q: which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?

　　Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.

　　More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.

　　Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.

　　Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.

　　2、举例子打比喻的地方常考

　　为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常由as, such as, for example, for instance等引导的短语或句子作为举例句，这些例句或比喻成为命题者提问的焦点。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心紧密相关的，常以细节事实性题型和推断性题型出现，但偏倾于推断性题型。

　　例1. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival.

　　Q：Today, computers are still inferior to man in terms of ______ .

　　decision making drives and feelings

　　growth of reasoning information absorption

　　例2.. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquainting with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as reader, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.

　　Q: The passage is most like a part of 。

　　a news article a journalistic interview

　　a research report a preface

　　例3 .In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programs are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue.

　　Q：Which of the following statements does the writer support?

　　The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.

　　Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.

　　Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons.

　　Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear every programmes.

　　3、引用人物论断处常考

　　作者为了正确表达出自己观点或使论点更有依据，常常引用某名人的论断或重要发现等。命题者常在此作文章。多以推理性题为主，有时也出细节事实性题型。

　　例1.There is a senseless notion that children grew up and leave home when theyre 18, and the truth is far from that,says sociologist Larry Bumpers of the University of Wisconsin.

　　Q: There was apparently a trend in the USA ________ .

　　for young adults to leave their parents and live independently.

　　For middle class young adults to stay with their parents.

　　For married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absence.

　　For going adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents.

　　例2. people cheat on their sleep, and they dont even realize theyre doing it,says Dr. David.They think theyre okay because they can get by on 6.5 howler, when they really need 7.5 , eight or even more to feel ideally rigorous.

　　Q: According to Dr. David, Americans ________ .

　　are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life.

　　Often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit.

　　Do not know how to relax themselves properly.

　　Can get by on 6.5 hoarse of sleep.

　　例3. By the millions they are coming-no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. We dont have a budget,says a biologist from Brazil. As she walks with two companions through New York litys South Street, We juse use our credit cards.

　　Q：From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that touristlike her ________ .

　　are reluctant to carry cash with them.

　　Simply dont care how much they spend.

　　Are not good at planning their expenditure.

　　Often spend more money that they can afford.

　　而根本不做预算,可推断出他们这类人是根本不管花多an 即B项内容。)

　　4、转折处与强对比处常考

　　一般而言，转折后的内容常常是语义的重点，命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。转折一般通过however, but, yet, in fact等词或短语来引导。强对比常由unlike, until, not so muchas等词或短语引导。命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。 比如文章中说甲具有X属性，但乙与甲不同，问乙有何属性?答曰：非X属性。

　　此类考点常出现在逻辑推理型题中，少数出现于其它题型中。

　　例1. Some observers say the fault is with the young people. But thats a condemnation of the students as a whole. Others blame the state of the world But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.

　　Q：According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that _______ .

　　society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates.

　　High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.

　　Too many students have to earn their own living.

　　College administrators encourage students to drop out.

　　例2 Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commits suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding.

　　Q： It can be conduced from the passage that ________ .

　　例3 Beauty has always been regard as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attentive defendants。But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.

　　Q：The author writes this passage to _______ .

　　discuss the negative aspects of being attractive.

　　Give advice to job-seekers who are attractive.

　　Demand equal rights for women.

　　Emphasize the importance of appearance.

　　例4. The sensation of sound involves a verity of factors in addition to its peak level. In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large rage. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak level.

　　Q: Commercials create the sensate at the highest sound level.

　　TV stations always operate at the highest sound level.

　　Their sound levels are kept around peak level.

　　Their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges.

　　Unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range.

　　。命题者给出的B答案中，只是对however后原句进行了词语和句型的转换。)