众所周知,合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围,常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。
and/or
常用 and/or 英译合同中甲和乙+甲或乙的内容,这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。
例 9:如果上述货物对船舶和船上其它货物造成任何损害,托运人应负全责。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on buard.
by and between
常用 by and between 强调合同是由双方签订的,因此双方必须严格履行合同所赋于的责任。
例 10:买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。 This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.
限定时间
英译与时间有关的文字,都应非常严格慎重地处理,因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时,常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。
用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。
例 11;自 9 月 2O 日起,甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。 Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.
例 12:我公司的条件是,3 个月内,即不得晚于 5 月 1 日,支付现金。 Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.
notlater than
用not later than +日期英译不迟于某月某日。
例 13:本合同签字之日一个月内,即不迟于 12 月 15 日,你方须将货物装船。 Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December 15.
include 的相应形式
常用 include 的相应形式:inclusive、including 和 included,来限定含当日在内的时间。
例 14:本证在北京议付,有效期至 1 月 1 日。 This credit expires till January 1 for negotiation in Beijing. 如果不包括 1 月 1 日在内,英译为 till and not including January 1。
为避免金额数量的差漏、伪造或涂改,英译时常用以下措施严格把关。
大写文字重复金额
英译金额须在小写之后,在括号内用大写文字重复该金额,即使原文合同中没有大写,英译时也有必要加上大写。在大写文字前加上SAY,意为大写在最后加上ONLY.意思为整。必须注意:小写与大写的金额数量要一致。
例 16:聘方须每月付给受聘方美元 500 元整。 Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 .
正确使用货币符号
英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。$既可代表美元,又可代表其他某些地方的货币;而£不仅代表英镑,又可代表其他某些地方的货币。
必须注意:当金额用数字书写时,金额数字必须紧靠货币符号,例如:Can $891,568,不能写成:Can $ 891,568。另外,翻译的还要特别注意金额中是小数点 还是分节号 ,因为这两个符号极易引起笔误,稍有疏忽,其后果是不堪设想的。
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