有关翻译的方法和具体的技巧不胜枚举。在翻译过程中,不可能有一种或几种套式供译者使用。但一般来说,翻译主要有直译和意译两大类。直译指在译文的语言条件下,在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式,即无论从内容和形式都忠实于原文;意译指向内容忠实于原文,不拘泥于原文的形式。这是因为英语和汉语分属不同的语言,两者在词汇
、句法结构和表达法等方面具有很多差异,所以当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾时,就应采用意译法,这样译出来的东西就更加符合汉语的语言规范。毕竟,考试时最要紧的是用通顺的汉语准确表达原文的意思。下面举例加以说明:
例1 To determine the conseauences of sleep deficit , researchers have put subjects through a set psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of mumber or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.
通过对该题的分析,我们可以看出:To determine the consequences of sleep deficit 在句中做状语,接着是主语+谓语+宾语这一基本句型结构,它基本上符合汉语的表达方法,试译如下:
译文:为了确定睡眠不足产生的后果,研究人员对测试对象进行了一系列的心理测试和行为测试。例如,要求他们做一组数字加法,或让他们回忆几分钟前念给他们听的文章。
例2 Dont cross the bridge till you get to it.
像这样的句子只能采取意译法,译为:
译文:不必担心过早。或:不必自寻麻烦。
如果按原文字面直译为到了桥边才过桥,未免不伦不类。再举数例:
例3 Ruth was upsetting the other children,so I showed her the door.
译:鲁丝一直在扰乱别的孩子,我就把他撵了出去。
例4 She didnt like him much , but if she went out with him.itd be one in the eye of Kath.
译文:她并不怎么喜欢他,可是如果她跟他一起出去玩,那倒可以让凯丝心中感到不是滋味。
例5 I want a man who will throw his hat over the Chindwin and then lead his troops after it.
译文:我要的是这样的一个人他决心在钦敦江破釜沉舟,然后率领部队前进。
上一篇: 考研英语翻译高分技巧
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