[Page80]
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslger, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could mot. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
注:1. vulnerable易受伤害的
2. immune defense 免疫系统
3. found之后是试验告诉我们的观点
4. depress压抑,de往下
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
注:1. 看第一句三个单词就知道本段内容和上一段相同。
2. passive被动的
21. Laudenslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ______.
A) was strengthened
B) was not affected
C) was altered
D) was weakened
注:定位文章第一段found之后
22. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to ______.
A) try to control unpleasant stimuli
B) turn off the electricity
C) become abnormally suspicious
D) behave passively in controllable situations
注:定位第二段But之后那句话
23. The reason why the mice in Aders experiment avoided saccharin was that ______ .
A) they disliked its taste
B) it affected their immune systems
C) it led to stomach pains
D) they associated it with stomachaches
22. The first paragraph is mainly about _____.
the teenagers criticism of their parents
misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents
the dominance of the parents over their children
the teenagers ability to deal with crises
注:段落主旨,B和C只说了一部分。
上一篇: 运用两遍阅读法战胜大学英语的六级考试
下一篇: 英语六级的四十天突破讲义与笔记1
Chinas Wu wins first gold of taekwondo worlds
Soccer-Li Tie in China squad for Thai warm-up match
体坛资讯:China race into Sudirman Cup final
Chelsea manager arrested in dog row
体坛资讯:China win sixth Sudirman Cup title
Man U seeks alternative after Malaysia tour called off
全国伤残运动会在昆明开幕
China nails second gold in table tennis championships
Unlucky 13 as Mauresmo fails again
体坛资讯:Nadal bags French Open hat-trick
TT Worlds: Guo Yue crowned, top three vying for mens title
China determined to defend title at Sudirman Cup
体坛资讯:Dynasty! Spurs win 4th NBA title
Dispute over knighthood for Beckham
体坛资讯:Yi among few global prospects to stay in NBA Draft pool
Nets edge Raptors, advance to 2nd round
China beat Ghana to enter semifinals in Toulon
Olympic Champion Luo washed out at taekwondo worlds
Charlton suffers relegation in Premiership
诺维斯基成为NBA的MVP
体坛资讯:Yang wins all-around at Chinas gym championship
体坛资讯:Chinese gymnast Wang on track of sentience recovery
Yao, Tracy named All-NBA 2nd Team
Womens World Cup may expand to 24 teams in 2011
体坛资讯:Real blundered over treatment of Beckham, says Capello
体坛资讯:Runners get compensation from coach
Roy unanimous for NBA all-rookie team
Olympic champion Chen finally wins at taekwondo worlds
2017雅思考试时间
Henin extends win streak at French Open