3. 理想与实际的关系:
In any realm of life -- whether academic, social, business, or political -- the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options.
a) From a philosophical point of view, living is experiencing, which is an everlasting interaction between men and reality。从实际出发使得我们尊重事实,符合自然的规律。所有的发明都在现实中得到检验,也是为了解决现实生活的中的问题。
b) 如果采取理想主义,导致mental disorder和失败。理想主义导致逃避主义,面对困难逃避现实而不去补救,长久下去造成更大的失落,挫败,mental disorder。行为不符合实际,不能最后成功。
c) 但是理想对于成功有推动作用,理想主义带来希望,激励,灵感。人类对飞翔的梦想推动了飞机的发明,对未来的憧憬激发人们的动力克服困难。
d) 最好是二者的结合
Many people admire idealism, but it usually leads to disappointment or trouble.
4. 竞争:
Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society.
a) 竞争是自然的规律,只有通过竞争才能优胜劣汰。Natural selection,物种的进化,人本身就是进化竞争的结果。
b) 竞争对社会是有益的哦。人与人之间竞争提高了人的积极性,效率,激发人的潜力。企业之间的竞争,促进了生产力发展,提高了商品,服务的质量,消费者最终得到实惠。科学家之间竞争推动了科学技术的进步。
c) 过度的竞争造成破产,失业,压力,增加了社会不稳定因素。不公平的竞争更会对社会造成危害,腐蚀道德
In most societies, competition generally has more of a negative than a positive effect.
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