Sex change surgery guidelines drafted
China is set to 1 its first clinical guideline on sex-change surgery, according to a notice put on the website of the Ministry of Health yesterday.
The ministry is now soliciting public and professional opinions on the draft guideline. The coming guideline aims to regulate and standardize sex reassignment surgery, part of a treatment for gender identity disorder in transsexuals.
Experts 2 nearly 2,000 Chinese have undergone sex-change surgery while 100,000 to 400,000 are still considering it. However, no official number is available. In the draft, the MOH sets 3 criteria for both surgical candidates and medical institutions.
Candidates for the surgery must be older than 20 and single, the draft guideline said. They are also required to prove a persistent desire for a sex change, to live for at least five consecutive years full-time in the new gender role, and to engage 4 mental therapy for at least one year.
Before surgery can take place, a candidate must receive a recommendation for the operation from a __5__ after an appropriate series of therapy sessions.
Also, several legal requirements 6 be met before the procedure. The candidate must provide proof from police that he or she has does not have any criminal offenses in the past.
Police must also agree to change the sex status on the identity card of the 7 receiver before the operation can take 8 .
The advent of such a guideline 9 to show that the government is concerned 10 the needs of a relatively small 11 of people who want to change sex.
But doctors also warn that all stakeholders, including the hospital and prospective receivers, should be highly cautious about this surgery.
The operation is more than a medical procedure due 12 its huge social and legal consequences. Doctors should make it clear to those __13__ sex-change surgeries that the option always remains to continue to live in the original role. The guideline requires surgeons to tell patients about other options 14 hormone therapy, They are also required to explain the risks involved, and underlying social barriers including discrimination, and administrative recognition and approval.
For the candidates, the surgery itself is not the big issue 15 the long run. The real issue is the kind of life he or she will have to lead afterward.
练习：
1. A) issue B) provide C) withdraw D) bring about
2. A) boast B) estimate C) blame D) offer
3. A) maximum B) minimum C) less D) few
4. A) in B) into C) on D) onto
5. A) physicist B) chemist C) psychologist D) geologist
6. A) can B) must C) may D) cannot
7. A) respective B) prospect C) expecting D) prospective.
8. A) position B) location C) place D) scene
9. A) believes B) is believed C) is believing D) believed
10. A) about B) with C) around D) of
11. A) numeral B) figure C) digit D) number
12. A) in B) with C) to D) into
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14. A) as B) such that C) as such D) such as
15. A) in B) on C) under D) blow
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变性手术的准则的起草
据卫生部网站昨天发布的通知，中国已经开始发行关于变性手术的临床指南。
卫生部正在征集公众意见草稿和专业的指导。即将到来的方针旨在规范变性手术，这是一种为变性人进行的性别错位症的治疗。
专家估计，近2,000名中国人已经历了变性手术而10～40万人仍在考虑之中。然而，并无相关的官方报道。在草案中卫生部为进行手术的候选人和医疗机构制定了最低标准。
起草方针中规定手术候选人必须超过20岁，并且单身。他们还要求要对性变化有持久的热情，生活至少连续五年的新性别角色，并从事心理疗法至少一年。
在手术开始之前和一系列有关治疗的方案讨论完之后，候选人必须要接受心理学家对手术提出的建议。
同时，法律或法规中的条文也必须遵守。
手术候选人必须向警察提供证据，证明进行变性手术的他或她过去并无任何的犯罪行为。