前言
阅读理解出题特点：
以2002年和2003年综合C阅读理解题的出题特点进行比较：
2002年阅读理解题：
The Greatest Show on Earth
Supermarket
A Thirsty World
阅读理解题：
What Makes a Soccer Player Great?
New Foods and The New World
Up in Smoke
Attached materials:
From Supermarket
主题理解---Most supermarkets need a very large floor area, sometimes at least ten times as big as that of an ordinary shop
Between the shelf units and the window in one half of the shops are a number of small counters about three feet high..
语言特点：句子结构较简单，多为简单句或简单复合句。
From A Thirsty World
主题理解---The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earths surface is covered with water
语言特点：句子结构较简单，多为简单句或简单复合句。
From Up in Smoke -- grew in smoke
主题理解---I began to smoke when I was in high school. ..
My parents dont care much. ..
I read a book called How to Stop Smoking...
可以看出：综合C级阅读理解考题中，所选择的文章主题基本上都与社会或文化有关，有时也可能涉及其他类的主题，如自然地理，大众科技等。文章中句子结构较为简单，文章主题较容易理解。通常会有1篇左右的文章是直接选择当年的职称英语用书上阅读理解部分的文章，但其文章后的问题通常会有变动。
阅读理解解题思路分析：
阅读理解是职称英语考试中重点考察的对象，本部分为3篇文章，每篇300-450词，主要考察考生对文章中心和细节信息的理解能力。阅读理解也是对解题技巧的测试。做题时可行的方法是：先看文章题目(title)，然后是看文章后面的问题(problems)，最后才是文章(main body)。 在阅读文章时应该注意进行有目的的阅读：在阅读中跳过(skip over)不相关的信息(information unconcerned)，节约时间直达问题的答案。
在阅读中还应关注段首句：如果所要阅读的文章是议论文或说明文，则段首句往往是主题句 -- 该段论述/说明中心，因此主题句有助于迅速的查找问题答案。
对于文章后面的问题：有关细节方面的问题的设置基本上是按照文章的发展顺序，即：通常第二题答案的位置通常在第一题答案所在位置的后面，所以如果第一题答案在第一段，则第二题答案可能在第二段或第三段中;所以可按照问题设置的顺序在对应的相关段进行答案查找。同时对于有关文章主题方面的问题，可以放在最后来处理，或借助文章的开头，结尾，及文章各段的段首句综合加以判断。
在寻找答案时可以采用通过所问问题中的关键词(题干中核心结构中(主语/谓语/宾语)的用词和修饰语(起修饰作用的形容词/副词))和/或特征词(题干中出现的时间，数字，人名，地名等容易在文章中进行查找和确认的词汇/结构)进行答案的查找。
快速而正确地解读阅读理解的主要关键在于：1. 准确而迅速地读懂文章后面的问题，尤其问题的含意是肯定还是否定的，一定要弄清楚; 2. 解读阅读理解答案位置的快速确定;3. 在选择答案时排除法的运用;4.识别答案陷阱;
本讲教学目的
通过具体例题的分析讲解，向考生介绍有效的阅读理解题的解题方法，同时借助文章进行英语语法和词汇的复习。
例题讲解
下面有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Passage 1
New York -- the melting pot
Recently the Department of Planning of New York issued a report which laid bare a full scale of change of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the citys population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had risen to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offsprings of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form a majority of the citys population.
Who are these New Yorkers? Why do they come here? Where are they form? The last question at least is easy to answer: we come from everywhere . In the list of the top 20 source nations of those sending immigrants to New York between 1990 and 1994 are six countries in Asia, five in the Caribbean, four in Latin America, three in Europe, plus Israel and the former Soviet Union. And when we immigrants get here we roll up our sleeves. If youre not ready to work when you get to New York, says a friend of mine, youd better hit the road.
The mayor of New York once said, Immigration continues to shape the unique character and drive the economic engine of New York City. He believes that immigrants are at the heart of what makes New York great. In Europe, by contrast, it is much more common to hear politicians worry about the loss of unity that immigration brings to their societies. In the quarter century since 1970, the United States admitted about 12.5 million legal immigrants, and has absorbed them into its social structures with an ease beyond the imagination of other nations. Since these immigrants are purposeful and hard working, they will help America to make a fresh start in the next century.
练习：
1.The report issued by the Department of Planning of New York
A. put forward ways to control New Yorks population.
B. concerned itself with the growth of New Yorks population.
C. studied the structure of New Yorks population.
D.suggested ways to increase New Yorks population
2. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true of the immigrants in New York?
A. One can not find his place in New York unless he is ready to work.
B. They found life in New York harder than in their own countries.
C. Most of them have difficulty finding jobs.
D. One can live on welfare if he does not want to work.
3. The mayor of New York considers immigration to be
A. a big problem in the management of the city.
B. a push needed to develop the city.
C. a cause of disintegration of the citys social structure.
D. an obstacle to the development of the city
4. Where are the New Yorkers from?
A. Asia.
B. Europe.
C. All over the world.
D. Latin America.
5. What is the authors attitude towards immigration to New York?
A. Negative.
B. Worried.
C. Indifferent.
D. Positive.
答案及解析：
1.文章标题分析：New York -- the melting pot
借助文章开头相关的语句进一步了解文章的标题/中心：
Recently the Department of Planning of New York issued a report which laid bare a full scale of change of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the citys population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had risen to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offspring of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form a majority of the citys population.
补充：
Bare adj.赤裸的, 无遮蔽的, 空的
Synonyms: naked, open
e.g. a bare room (没有家具的)空房间
on a large scale大规模
2.接看问题句和备选项，注意它们的句意和用词的特点。
1.The report(核心词) issued by the Department of Planning of New York(特征结构/线索结构)_____.
A. put forward ways to control New Yorks population.
B. concerned itself with the growth of New Yorks population.
C. studied the structure of New Yorks population.
D. suggested ways to increase New Yorks population.
C.分析：发现备选项都包含population，利用题干中的线索结构作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
Recently the Department of Planning of New York issued a report which laid bare a full scale of change of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the citys population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had risen to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offsprings (子孙)of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form a majority of the citys population.
发现在相关句所在的段落中主要提到了人口的组成，所以C是答案。
考点：考察考生的总结归纳能力。
出题点：段落中的总结归纳句通常由so, thus, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as a result, in consequence, hence等引导。Majority n (常与of连用)多数;半数以上
e.g. The majority of children in our class have brown eyes
我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛。
比较：minority n.少数, 少数民族
major n.[教]主修课adj.主修的vi.主修
major in主修
minor n. 副修科目 adj.较小的, 次要的, 二流的vi.辅修
2. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true of the immigrants in New York ?
A. One can not find his place in New York unless he is ready to work.
B. They found life in New York harder than in their own countries.
C. Most of them have difficulty finding jobs.
D. One can live on welfare if he does not want to work.
A.分析：注意到备选项主要涉及到移民的生活/工作问题, 所以注意段落中出现的有关工作或生活方面的内容，这样发现答案相关句：
Who are these New Yorkers? Why do they come here? Where are they form? And when we immigrants get here we roll up our sleeves. If youre not ready to work when you get to New York, says a friend of mine, youd better hit the road(开始流浪).(画线句的内容与A一致)(提示：可以借助相临语句的句意获得对复杂句子句意的理解)
考点：短语hit the road
出题点：包含特殊词汇或特殊短语或句子结构复杂的句子。roll up ones sleeve v.卷起袖子, 准备行动
hit the road v.开始流浪
3. The mayor of New York (线索结构)considers immigration to be ____.
A. a big problem in the management of the city.
B. a push needed to develop the city.
C. a cause of disintegration (瓦解)of the citys social structure.
D. an obstacle to the development of the city.
B.分析：首先判断D的说法违背常识，判断它不是答案。利用mayor of New York和 immigration和作为答案线索，发现答案相关句：
The mayor of New York once said, Immigration continues to shape the unique character and drive the economic engine of New York City. He believes that immigrants are at the heart of what makes New York great. (画线句的句意B的含义一致。)
考点：对画线结构(比喻结构)的理解。
出题点：包含特殊词汇或特殊短语或句子结构复杂的句子。make/keep/leave + o. + adj.
e.g. make me happy/sad; keep healthy/alive; leave the door open;
4. Where are the New Yorkers from?
A. Asia.
B. Europe.
C. All over the world.
D. Latin America.
分析：该题是细节题，顺着上题的答案位置往下，发现答案相关句：
Who are these New Yorkers? Why do they come here? Where are they from? The budgets of weddings.
B) The business of weddings.
C) The planning and execution of weddings.
D) The high wedding expense.
2. Which of the following is not mentioned?
A) The wedding budget.
B) The wedding breakfast.
C) The wedding date.
D) The wedding cost.
3. Not a single company can dominate the industry because
A) People resist standardization.
B) Parents want to reduce the wedding cost
C) Many couples cant afford more than the price of a hamburger.
D) Family members are surprised at the complicated arrangements.
4. Which of the following can best replace the phrase foot the billin the first paragraph?
A) play football
B) bring the bill
C) approve the bill
D) pay the bill
5. The writers attitude towards the annual 12-billion-dollar business of wedding appears to be
A. positive.
B. negative.
C. indifferent.
D. objective.
答案及解析：
1.文章标题分析：The business of wedding
Every couple who goes to the altar(祭坛) believes ..
A quick look at any bride magazine will reveal that
As the arrangements are generally complicated, there are plenty of services that ..
What is surprising is that no one company dominates the industry. .
What about the couple that doesnt want to take in this billion-dollar industry? They can go to city hall and get married for less than the price of a hamburger.
2.直接看问题句和备选项，确认答案。(注意问题句和备选项的句意，结构和用词特点)
1. What does the expression this billion-dollar industry refer to ?
A) The budgets of weddings.
B) The business of weddings.
C) The planning and execution of weddings.
D) The high wedding expense.
分析：借助题干中的引语结构作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句，在进行答案选择时一定要注意引语的核心词industry(工业/行业)，而备选项中与该词相对的只有B中的business，而B选项又是文章的标题(中心)，因此判断答案为B。也可借助文章中的相关句：
As the arrangements are generally complicated, there are plenty of services that can be hired to help with the planning and execution of the every aspect of the wedding: planning the photographs, selecting the wedding rings, choosing the flowers, picking the honeymoon spot, and so on. One magazine lists over 350such pamphlets published of course by businesses who have something to offer. Considering that weddings do more than 12billion dollars worth of business annually in the US alone, such activity isnt surprising.
What is surprising is that no one company dominates the industry. It seems that when people plan for a day as special to them as a wedding, they resist standardization. They turn instead to the small local suppliers known to them or to their friends. Family members or friends often serve as photographers, caterers and musicians. This not only helps bring the wedding cost down, but makes it more personal. What about the couple that doesnt want to take in this billion-dollar industry? They can go to city hall and get married for less than the price of a hamburger.
考点：考察代词(this/the)的指代内容。
出题点：涉及代词的句子。take in v.接受, 吸收, 理解, 包括
take apart v. 拆开分开后将分成许多部分
take off: v. 脱掉(衣服等), 打折
e.g. take the brake off松开刹车
e.g. take 20 percent off优惠百分之二十
take out v. 取出
take over v. 接管
take up v. 用尽，耗掉或占用, 开始从事(一项职业或行当)：
e.g. take up engineering干起了工程设计这一行
e.g. The extra duties took up most of my time.额外工作耗费了我绝大部分时间
2. Which of the following is not mentioned?
A) The wedding budget.
B) The wedding breakfast.
C) The wedding date.
D) The wedding cost.
B.分析：利用备选项中的核心词作为答案线索，分别在文章中进行对应的查找，确认答案：
(第2段)A quick look at any bride magazine will reveal that plenty of attractive goods and services compete for a share of the wedding budget.(A) Besides the obvious choices of rings, dresses, flowers, and photographs, there are the less apparent expenses: a lavish cake, a rehearsal dinner, a receptions, music for both the ceremony and the reception, tips, and even napkins and matchbooks (纸板火柴)printed with the couples names and the wedding date.(C)
(第4段)What is surprising is that no one company dominates the industry. It seems that when people plan for a day as special to them as a wedding, they resist standardization. They turn instead to the small local suppliers known to them or to their friends. Family members or friends often serve as photographers, caterers and musicians. This not only helps bring the wedding cost (D)down, but makes it more personal.
考点：考察考生的细节查找能力。
3. Not a single company (线索结构)can dominate (线索结构)the industry because__.
A) People resist standardization.
B) Parents want to reduce the wedding cost
C) Many couples cant afford more than the price of a hamburger.
D) Family members are surprised at the complicated arrangements.
A.分析：利用题干中的线索结构(核心结构)作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
What is surprising is that no one company dominates (包含题干中的核心结构)the industry. It seems that when people plan for a day as special to them as a wedding, they resist standardization. (与A一致)They turn instead to the small local suppliers known to them or to their friends. Family members or friends often serve as photographers, caterers and musicians. This not only helps bring the wedding cost down, but makes it more personal.
考点：复杂句子结构(形式主语结构)。e.g. The child sang as sweetly as a nightingale.这孩子歌唱得同夜莺般婉转
e.g. I received the same grade as you did.我和你得分一样
e.g. People are not so honest as they once were.人们现在不如过去那样诚实了。
e.g. He was not so much angry as disappointed. 他的失望甚於恼怒。
4. Which of the following can best replace the phrase foot the bill in the first paragraph?
A) play football
B) bring the bill
C) approve the bill
D) pay the bill
D.分析：利用题干中的引语结构作为线索，这样找到答案相关句：
Every couple who goes to the altar believes that they will make that trip only once in their lives. They want the day to be perfect, and they are asking for much more than good weather. They want the most beautiful clothes, the freshest flowers. Moreover, her family who will foot the bill(负担费用)is not in any mood to economize(节约).
考点：特殊短语。
出题点：可以借助上下文的语义推断出的特殊短语(超纲短语/多义短语)或特殊单词(超纲单词/多义单词)。
5. The writers attitude towards the annual 12-billion-dollar business (特征词)of wedding appears to be
A. positive.
B. negative.
C. indifferent.*
D. objective.
D.分析：利用备选项中的特征词作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句，同时要注意到该题有关文章主题，所以还要注意文章开头和结尾的句子(这些位置的句子往往会体现作者的观点/态度)
As the arrangements are generally complicated, there are plenty of services that can be hired to help with the planning and execution of the every aspect of the wedding: planning the photographs, selecting the wedding rings, choosing the flowers, picking the honeymoon spot, and so on. One magazine lists over 350 such pamphlets published of course by businesses who have something to offer. Considering that weddings do more than 12 billion dollars worth of business annually in the US alone, such activity isnt surprising.
What is surprising is that no one company dominates the industry. It seems that when people plan for a day as special to them as a wedding, they resist standardization. They turn instead to the small local suppliers known to them or to their friends. Family members or friends often serve as photographers, caterers and musicians. This not only helps bring the wedding cost down, but makes it more personal. What about the couple that doesnt want to take in this billion-dollar industry? They can go to city hall and get married for less than the price of a hamburger.
下一篇： 职称英语综合A级练习概括大意