高一下学期英语语法重难点集汇
主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。一个句子中主谓一致,通常指三个基本原则:语法一致,即形式上一致;概念一致,即概念或意念上的一致;毗邻一致,即谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。
一、 语法一致原则
1、 在通常情况下,一个句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数形式,谓语也为单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语也为复数形式。如:
This exercise on English idioms is not easy.这个英语短语练习不容易。
2、 在“there be”结构中, “be”的单复数取决与后面主语的数.如:
There has been little change in this city.这个城市没有多少变化。
3、“one of”结构,位于用单数,“two of”结构位于用复数
One of the things I want to do is traveling.我想做的一件事是去旅行。
Two of the boys have lost their way home.有两个男孩回家迷路了。
3、 倒装句的主语在谓语之后,避免误用。
Never before has she been to Paris!她以前从未去过巴黎。
二、 概念一致
1、 主语是抽象概念、短语或从句,谓语用单数形式。如:
To tell lies is wrong.说谎是不正确的。(不定式做主语)
Keeping the house is a tiring job.管理家务是一件很劳累的事。(动名词做主语)
How this happened is not clear to anyone.(从句做主语)
注意:
(1) 用what或which引导的主语从句或简单句中的数的概念取决于后面的表语,因为它们在逻辑上的意义是相同的。如:
Which is your seat?你的座位是哪一个?
Which are your seats?你们的座位是哪些?
(2) 单个的分词作主语,不定式作主语,以及主语从句,谓语都用单数,若用连接上述的相同两个成分,谓语才用复数。
2、 两个或两个以上的主语用and和both连接时,谓语用复数形式。
3、 and连接的并列主语指同一人或同一样东西,and后的名词前没有冠词,谓语用单数;若有,则用复数。如:
My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.我的密友兼顾问又改变他的想法了。
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