初中英语语法 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
(1) I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.
今天下午我一直喝了五杯咖啡。
她给我的回答是“No way”(不可能这样讲)。我问她为什么,她则很茫然地摇摇头说“I don’t know.”这个问题其实涉及到现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别问题。
要想很好地区分have done和have been doing,我们需要从两个方面来讨论:一、完成时态和完成进行时态本身意义的差别;二、要结合动词的不同延续特点。首先我们来看两种时态的意义差别,两者根本区别是:完成进行时强调动作持续的过程(emphasis on duration),完成时强调动作的结果或成就(emphasis on achievement)。具体来讲,现在完成进行时have been doing强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性,强调的是动作本身。现在完成时have done则是强调动作产生的结果或取得的成就,而不是动作本身。二者的这种区别我们从下面的这些例句可以很好地领悟到:
(2) a. My hands are very dirty. I’ve been painting the house.
b. I have painted the house green. The house was white, but now it’s green.
思维分析:
句a中have been painting表示painting动作一直在持续,活动还没有结束,所以才有my hands are very dirty这样的现状。句a意思是“我的手很脏,我现在一直在给房间刷漆”。
句b中have painted表示painted动作已经结束,而且动作导致的结果是the house was white, but now it’s green房间现在是绿色的了。
(3) a. I’ve been cleaning the house but I still haven’t finished.
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