新概念英语第四册57-04

scholarship 奖学金

Given :specific 特定的

Bulldozev。蒙骗，威胁

adult life 成年时期。Patriotic

Bogus 假的

Paunch肠胃。

Ambition 志向,

aggressiveness，挑战性。

Sense of duty ,责任感。

constipation 便秘

Stinginess 小气。

Nonsense 废话

Awe 敬畏， over awed 别吓住

GOOD TASTE IN KNOWLEDGE

THE aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge

and good form in conduct. The cultured man or the ideal educated man is not necessarily

one who is well-read or learned, but one who likes and dislikes the right things.

To know what to love and what to hate is to have taste in knowledge. ... I have met

such persons, and found that there was no topic that might come up in the course of

the conversation concerning which they did not have some facts or figures to produce,

but whose points of view were deplorable. Such persons have erudition, but no

discernment, or taste. Erudition is a mere matter of cramming of facts or information,

while taste or discernment is a matter of artistic judgment. In speaking of a scholar,

the Chinese generally distinguish between a man's scholarship, conduct, and taste

or discernment. This is particularly so with regard to historians; a book of history

may be written with the most fastidious scholarship, yet be totally lacking in insight

or discernment, and in the judgment or interpretation of persons and events in history,

the author may show no originality or depth of understanding. Such a person, we say,

has no taste in knowledge. To be well-informed, or to accumulate facts and details,

is the easiest of all things. There are many facts in a given historical period that

can be easily crammed into our mind, but discernment in the selection of significant

facts is a vastly more difficult thing and depends upon one's point of view.

CD Huefi (scholarship); hsin^ (conduct); ^hih or ^hihchien (discernment, or real

insight) . Thus one's shih, or power of insight into history or contemporary events

may be "higher" than another's. This is what we call "power of interpretation, " or

interpretative in An educated man, therefore, is one who has the right loves and

hatreds. This we call taste, and with taste comes charm. Now to have taste or

discernment requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, an

independence of judgment, and an unwill-ingness to be bulldozed by any form of humbug,

social, political, literary, artistic, or academic. There is no doubt that we are

surrounded in our adult life with a wealth of humbugs: fame humbugs, wealth humbugs,

patriotic humbugs, political humbugs, religious humbugs and humbug poets, humbug

artists, humbug dictators and humbug psychologists. When a psychoanalyst tells us

that the performing of the functions of the bowels during childhood has a definite

connection with ambition and aggressiveness and sense of duty in one's later life,

or that constipation leads to stinginess of character, all that a man with taste can

do is to feel amused. When a man is wrong, he is wrong, and there is no need for one

to be impressed and overawed by a great name or by the number of books that he has

read and we haven't.